scholarly journals The Association between Urban Public Transport Infrastructure and Social Equity and Spatial Accessibility within the Urban Environment: An Investigation of Tramlink in London

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Cuthill ◽  
Mengqiu Cao ◽  
Yuqi Liu ◽  
Xing Gao ◽  
Yuerong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Public Money ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The pursuit of sustainability has been at the forefront of contemporary planning initiatives. However, most recent research has focused on the environmental and economic aspects of developing sustainable urban environment, whilst largely neglecting the social aspects. Contemporary political thinking in the UK often disregards the potential of the urban infrastructure to improve social equity. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of transport infrastructure on a variety of social measures, in an empirical and ideologically unbiased fashion, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. We selected “Tramlink” as a case study: a light-rail system in the London Borough of Croydon which began operation in 2000. We used quantitative methods, including advanced spatial statistics, to produce a more detailed analysis of social equity than has been previously published. This acknowledges that determining localised issues can produce more informed and effective policy interventions. Our results demonstrate that the physical properties of transport infrastructure and the non-physical attributes of society, in combination, help to create opportunities for individuals to succeed. We also find that in order to reduce the negative effects of austerity, public money could be more effectively spent if diverted to areas that are most in need which can be highlighted through localised investigations.

scholarly journals Risk of Increased Acceptance for Organizational Nepotism and Cronyism during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Ignatowski ◽  
Łukasz Sułkowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Stopczyński
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Impact

Nepotism and cronyism are forms of favoritism towards certain people in the workplace. For this reason, they constitute a problem for organization managers, ethicists and psychologists. Identifying the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the increase of nepotism and cronyism may provide a basis for organizations to assess their extent and to take possible measures to prevent their negative effects. At the same time, the research presented in the article may provide a basis for further research work related to nepotism and cronyism at the times of other threats, different from the pandemic. The aim of the article is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on growing acceptance for nepotism and cronyism in Polish enterprises. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been included in the conducted research. Qualitative study aimed at improving knowledge of nepotism and cronyism and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these phenomena, followed by a quantitative study conducted in order to verify the information obtained in the qualitative study. This research has demonstrated that Nepotism and cronyism in the workplace, are phenomenon that are basically evaluated negatively. They adversely influences social and economic development, but the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on nepotism and cronyism is not significant.

scholarly journals General practitioners and emergency departments (GPED)—efficient models of care: a mixed-methods study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e024012
Author(s):  
Katherine Morton ◽  
Sarah Voss ◽  
Joy Adamson ◽  
Helen Baxter ◽  
Karen Bloor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPressure continues to grow on emergency departments in the UK and throughout the world, with declining performance and adverse effects on patient outcome, safety and experience. One proposed solution is to locate general practitioners to work in or alongside the emergency department (GPED). Several GPED models have been introduced, however, evidence of effectiveness is weak. This study aims to evaluate the impact of GPED on patient care, the primary care and acute hospital team and the wider urgent care system.Methods and analysisThe study will be divided into three work packages (WPs). WP-A; Mapping and Taxonomy: mapping, description and classification of current models of GPED in all emergency departments in England and interviews with key informants to examine the hypotheses that underpin GPED. WP-B; Quantitative Analysis of National Data: measurement of the effectiveness, costs and consequences of the GPED models identified in WP-A, compared with a no-GPED model, using retrospective analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics Data. WP-C; Case Studies: detailed case studies of different GPED models using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods including: non-participant observation of clinical care, semistructured interviews with staff, patients and carers; workforce surveys with emergency department staff and analysis of available local routinely collected hospital data. Prospective case study sites will be identified by completing telephone interviews with sites awarded capital funding by the UK government to implement GPED initiatives. The study has a strong patient and public involvement group that has contributed to study design and materials, and which will be closely involved in data interpretation and dissemination.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the National Health Service East Midlands—Leicester South Research Ethics Committee: 17/EM/0312. The results of the study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and a planned programme of knowledge mobilisation.Trial registration numberISRCTN51780222.

scholarly journals Transport Sector Impacts of a Border between Ireland and Northern Ireland after a Hard Brexit

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Khaoula Morchid ◽  
Margaret O’Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

More than half of British voters chose to leave the European Union (EU) leading to a series of negotiations between the United Kingdom and the EU. The withdrawal of the UK from the EU is widely referred to as Brexit. As the only country that shares a land border with the UK, the impact of Brexit on Ireland is expected to be greater than on any other European country. The objective of the research is to evaluate the potential impact of Brexit on the transport sector in Ireland at a micro level by focusing on cross‐border commuters and by also assessing the impact on road freight transport. Potential crossing scenarios are examined at six crossing locations. Assuming a hard border is implemented, each crossing is modelled in VISSIM, a microscopic traffic flow simulation software, using traffic data from Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) and dwell time estimated based on the US–Canada border crossings. Six scenarios are considered to determine the impact on cross‐border traffic at different flow conditions and with varying levels of technology used in border infrastructure leading to short versus long processing times. The paper evaluates travel measures including delays, queue lengths and emissions. The worst‐case scenario has a vehicle delay of 18.4 min and the highest delay‐associated costs across all locations modelled are estimated at €60.7 million per year. Estimated emissions generated at the border crossings raise concerns about environmental impacts of a hard Brexit. Interviews with stakeholders emphasized the critical role of technology in reducing the impact of a hard Brexit on cross‐border commuters and on the freight sector. A key finding is the importance of using technology tools to facilitate controls and reduce processing times. The results indicate that technology use leads to significant time and cost savings as well as reduced environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Institutional barriers to participation in EU framework programs: contrasting the Swiss and UK cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cavallaro ◽  
Benedetto Lepori
Keyword(s):  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Political Uncertainties ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine how institutional barriers arising from policy decisions influence the level of participation of third-party countries in European Framework Programs (EU-FPs). To achieve this, we contrasted the effect of EU funding restrictions following Switzerland’s 2014 reclassification as a “third country” in Horizon 2020, and the political uncertainties resulting from the 2016 Brexit vote in the United Kingdom (UK). We compared the participation patterns of Swiss and UK higher education institutions (HEIs) with control groups of similar European HEIs over time and, complementarily, analyzed changes in the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Our results showed that the Brexit-induced uncertainty had stronger negative effects than the Swiss reclassification, which was, however, characterized by effective EU funding restrictions. In both cases, the negative impact of institutional barriers was stronger for the more central HEIs in EU-FP networks. These results suggest that the effect of institutional barriers is closely linked to consortium building mechanisms, where research collaboration requires stability and projection over the long term. Regarding individual grants, the impact was stronger for Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions than for European Research Council grants, suggesting that a researcher’s mobility is affected by political uncertainties. Finally, in the UK case, we observed a steep decrease in the participation of SMEs. Based on these results, we suggest that a stable framework of participation and a clear ruling on relationships with the EU for what concerns people’s mobility and economic relationships are key to fostering the participation of third-party countries.

scholarly journals Impact analysis of smartphone use and Youth Family Development (BKR) program on family disharmony in Magetan Regency

Simulacra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Puji Nurhayati ◽  
Pratama Dharmika Nugraha ◽  
Heidy Paramitha Devi ◽  
Andri Wahyu Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of the use of smart phone and BKR programs on family disharmony. Smartphone are devices that have both positif and negative effects. Indonesia is predicted to get a demographic bonus in 2020- 2030 with the highest number of teenagers, and the majority of smartphone users are teenagers. BKR is a program that serves to help parenting to avoid deviant behavior. This research uses quantitative methods, with primary data of 300 respondents. The sample of this study consisted of 150 PKK groups and 150 teenagers. Data collection technique is using questionnaire data. Data analysis technique is using path analysis and SPSS 21.0 software. The results of the study stated that the use of smartphone had a negative and not significant effect on family disharmony, smartphone usage had a negative and significant effect on BKR program and smartphone usage had a negative and significant effect on family disharmony. The use of a smart phone does not have an impact on family disharmony because of effective communication between family members. The existence of the BKR program is still needed to assist families in fostering their teenagers so that it is wiser to use a smartphone.

scholarly journals Account manager turnover and the influence of context: an exploratory study

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Vafeas
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Manager Turnover

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the contextual factors that influence the impact of account manager turnover on the client–agency relationship, an under-researched area of relationship management literature. Design/methodology/approach – A case study approach and one-to-one interviews are used to conduct the exploratory study, analysing client–agency relationships within the UK design industry. A conceptual framework covering individual and organisational characteristics is used to examine the contextual factors impacting account manager turnover. Findings – The findings identify both organisational and individual contextual factors that influence the outcome of turnover. Categorized into three core contexts (client-specific knowledge, multiple relationship ties and turnover process management), factors such as agency structure and culture, agency knowledge management policies and client experience were all found to impact on account manager turnover. Research limitations/implications – This small, qualitative, exploratory study suggests the need for further research to investigate the transferability of the findings to a broader range of organisational types and industries and to highlight additional contextual factors that influence the impact of turnover. Practical implications – Account manager turnover does not necessarily mean the end of the client–service firm relationship. Agencies can create contexts that mitigate the potential negative effects. Small firms appear to have advantages inherent in their size, but larger firms can take steps to emulate some of the conditions found in micro firms. Originality/value – This paper adds to the limited number of studies into account manager turnover, making a theoretical and practical contribution, enabling marketing managers to take steps to ensure staff turnover does not result in client switching.

Viral emergence and consequences for reproductive performance in ruminants: two recent examples (bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses)

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphan Zientara ◽  
Claire Ponsart
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Viral Emergence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Viruses can emerge unexpectedly in different regions of the world and may have negative effects on reproductive performance. This paper describes the consequences for reproductive performance that have been reported after the introduction to Europe of two emerging viruses, namely the bluetongue (BTV) and Schmallenberg (SBV) viruses. Following the extensive spread of BTV in northern Europe, large numbers of pregnant cows were infected with BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) during the breeding season of 2007. Initial reports of some cases of abortion and hydranencephaly in cattle in late 2007 were followed by quite exhaustive investigations in the field that showed that 10%–35% of healthy calves were infected with BTV-8 before birth. Transplacental transmission and fetal abnormalities in cattle and sheep had been previously observed only with strains of the virus that were propagated in embryonated eggs and/or cell culture, such as vaccine strains or vaccine candidate strains. After the unexpected emergence of BTV-8 in northern Europe in 2006, another arbovirus, namely SBV, emerged in Europe in 2011, causing a new economically important disease in ruminants. This new virus, belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family, was first detected in Germany, in The Netherlands and in Belgium in 2011 and soon after in the UK, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, Denmark and Switzerland. Adult animals show no or only mild clinical symptoms, whereas infection during a critical period of gestation can lead to abortion, stillbirth or the birth of severely malformed offspring. The impact of the disease is usually greater in sheep than in cattle. The consequences of SBV infection in domestic ruminants and more precisely the secondary effects on off-springs will be described.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Morozov A ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Warning Signs ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes road accidents with collisions with animals that occurred on international highways of state importance. The object of study - road safety. The purpose of the work is to determine the impact of the transport structure on wildlife and search for optimal preventive measures to minimize anthropogenic impact. Research method - statistical analysis of accidents with collisions with animals. The author proposes and describes ways to reduce the negative effects of transport infrastructure on biodiversity. In particular, on sections of highways running through forests, it is recommended to install fencing nets to avoid animals running out on the road and, if possible, to adapt existing bridges for animal crossings, to install warning signs. Road sections crossing nature reserve facilities need to be studied in detail regarding the crossing of migration routes of some species, followed by recommendations for measures to minimize the risk of accidents.. This approach involves an inventory of animal deaths on the roads and an assessment of the impact of transport infrastructure. A necessary condition is the unification of approaches and the register of research results on the death of animals on the roads. KEYWORDS: HADDON’S MATRIX, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF ACCIDENTS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, FRAGMENTATION Of POPULATION.

scholarly journals The Impact of Life Sciences Developments on the UK Urban Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jones ◽  
Martin Wynn ◽  
David Hillier ◽  
Daphne Comfort
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Evaluation of a Third-Generation Zoo Exhibit in Relation to Visitor Behavior and Interpretation Use

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Moss ◽  
Maggie Esson ◽  
David Francis
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Visitor Behavior ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
Under Performing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

This study, conducted over a four-year period at Chester Zoo in the UK, sought to evaluate the impact on visitor behavior and interpretation use that a transition from second- to third-generation zoo exhibit might affect. Visitors spent more time in the newer exhibit (even when allowing for relative floor area) and visitor time budgets suggest a high degree of visitor interaction with different exhibit elements. Specific interpretive elements were analyzed in detail, using quasi-quantitative methods in addition to more standard timing and tracking measures. From this, a proportional relationship between time and visitor engagement is proposed. Areas that were highlighted as under-performing during evaluation were retrofitted with simple, but highly visible, instructional signage and this was found to increase the proportion of visitors that stopped, and how long they stopped in a significant way.

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