scholarly journals Assessing Freshwater Provision and Consumption in the Alpine Space Applying the Ecosystem Service Concept

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Meisch ◽  
Uta Schirpke ◽  
Lisa Huber ◽  
Johannes Rüdisser ◽  
Ulrike Tappeiner
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
High Dependency

A key challenge in the sustainable management of freshwater is related to non-stationary processes and transboundary requirements. The assessment of freshwater is often hampered due to small-scale analyses, lacking data and with the focus on only its provision. Based on the ecosystem service (ES) concept, this study aims at quantitatively comparing potential water supply with the demand for freshwater in the European Alps and their surrounding lowlands. We propose an easy-to-use combination of different mapping approaches, including a large-scale hydrologic model to estimate water supply and the downscaling of regional data to the local scale to map demand. Our results demonstrate spatial mismatches between supply and demand and a high dependency of the densely populated lowlands from water providing mountain areas. Under expected climate variations and future demographic changes, our results suggest increasing pressures on freshwater in the south of the Alps. Hence, sustainable water management strategies need to assure the supply of freshwater under changing environmental conditions to meet the increasing water demand of urbanized areas in the lowlands. Moreover, national water management strategies need to be optimally concerted at the international level, as transboundary policies and frameworks can strengthen future water provision.

scholarly journals LARGE AND SMALL SCALE WAVE OVERTOPPING MEASUREMENTS FOR AFSLUITDIJK REHABILITATION PROJECT

2020 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Wouter Ockeloen ◽  
Coen Kuiper ◽  
Sjoerd van den Steen
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Large Scale Tests

The 'Afsluitdijk' is a 32 km enclosure dam which separates the Wadden sea and the Lake IJssel. The dam currently undergoes a major rehabilitation to meet the requirements with regard to water safety. The Dutch Ministry of infrastructure and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat division) has commissioned Levvel, a consortium of BAM, Van Oord and Rebel, to prepare the design and carry out the reconstruction of the dam including sluices and highway. The project includes reinforcement of the armour layers and wave overtopping reduction. As part of the contract Rijkswaterstaat prescribed the contractor (Levvel) to verify the design with large scale physical model tests (min. 1:3 scale). These tests were carried out in the Delta Flume of Deltares. Prior to the large scale tests, smaller scale tests (1:20) have been carried out to optimize the design with regard to armour stability and wave overtopping. The research described here focuses on the wave overtopping.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/kPga0wVCCIE

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment of the Water Management System for the Boukan Dam, Iran, Using CORDEX- South Asia Climate Projections

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1723
Author(s):  
Farzad Emami ◽  
Manfred Koch
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Group Index

The present study aimed to quantify the future sustainability of a water supply system using dynamically-downscaled regional climate models (RCMs), produced in the South Asia Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) framework. The case study is the Boukan dam, located on the Zarrine River (ZR) of Urmia’s drying lake basin, Iran. Different CORDEX- models were evaluated for model performance in predicting the temperatures and precipitation in the ZR basin (ZRB). The climate output of the most suitable climate model under the RCP45 and RCP85 scenarios was then bias-corrected for three 19-year-long future periods (2030, 2050, and 2080), and employed as input to the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) river basin hydrologic model to simulate future Boukan reservoir inflows. Subsequently, the reservoir operation/water demands in the ZRB were modeled using the MODSIM water management tool for two water demand scenarios, i.e., WDcurrent and WDrecom, which represent the current and the more sustainable water demand scenarios, respectively. The reliability of the dam’s water supply for different water uses in the study area was then investigated by computing the supply/demand ratio (SDR). The results showed that, although the SDRs for the WDrecom were generally higher than that of the WDcurrent, the SDRs were all <1, i.e., future water deficits still prevailed. Finally, the performance of the water supply system was evaluated by means of risk, reliability, resiliency, vulnerability, and maximum deficit indices, and the combination of the indices to estimate the Sustainability Group Index (SGI). The findings indicated that, compared to the historical period for both the water demand scenarios, WDcurrent and WDrecom, the average SGI of each RCP would be decreased significantly, particularly, for the more extreme RCP85 scenario. However, as expected, the SGI decrease for the WDrecom was less than that of the WDcurrent, indicating the advantage of implementing this more sustainable water demand scenario.

scholarly journals Seismic regionalization

1959 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-162
Author(s):  
C. F. Richter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Los Angeles Basin ◽  
Mountain Areas

abstract In the USSR earthquake risk is now officially mapped by division into areas numbered with the degrees of the Modified Mercalli intensity scale, to show maximum reasonably expectable intensity during future earthquakes on ground of the prevailing character. This paper presents and discusses maps on the same plan for the Los Angeles Basin and its vicinity, for California, and for the United States. The effect of variation of ground from point to point can be shown only on a large scale. This is microregionalization; the map for the Los Angeles Basin is an example. Small-scale regionalization maps require generalization. Prevailing ground is selected, not strictly by percentage of area, but by considering the foundation likely to be used for construction, in mountainous areas mostly small alluvial patches less stable than the surrounding rock. Regionalization and especially microregionalization can be used in construction and planning, as indicating maximum effects to be considered in designing permanent structures. In adjusting insurance rates, and in designing temporary structures, statistical frequency of occurrence is also involved. Over small areas, regionalization depends largely on local variation of ground and geology; over large areas, distance from active faults must be considered. Attention should be given to the effect of structural trends and of wave path on the form of isoseismal curves. Mapping for the Los Angeles Basin area is reasonably definite. That for California is fairly reliable, but less so in desert and mountain areas. That for the United States is in part highly speculative and subject to substantial change.

H2020 'PHUSICOS': Nature-based solutions to reduce hydro-meteorological risk in rural mountain areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Solheim ◽  
Amy Oen ◽  
Bjørn Kalsnes ◽  
Vittoria Capobianco
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Rock Fall ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Starting Point

&lt;p&gt;Nature-based solutions (NBS) are &quot;inspired and supported by nature. They are cost-effective and simultaneously provide environmental, social and economic benefits and help build resilience&quot; (EU, 2015). The main objective of the H2020 project PHUSICOS is to demonstrate the implementation of nature-based solutions to reduce the risk of extreme weather events in vulnerable areas such as rural mountain landscapes. To meet this aim, three large-scale demonstration sites have been selected in Tuscany, Italy, The Pyrenees, France/Spain and the Gudbrandsdalen Valley, Norway as representative of hydro-meteorological hazards, vegetation, topography and infrastructure throughout rural and mountainous regions in Europe. Additionally, two small-scale concept cases are established in Kaunertal Valley, Austria and the Isar River Basin, Germany to test specific challenges. This presentation focuses on the three large scale demonstrator sites.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;PHUSICOS started in 2018 and over the four-year period each demonstrator site shall propose and implement at least three NBS projects each. At present 9 NBSs have been proposed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Italian proposals, organized by Autorit&amp;#224; di Bacino Distrettuale, ADBS, relate to the pollution, drought, erosion, and land degradation around lake Massaciuccoli in Tuscany. The measures are related to reduce the runoff from farmland to the channels and the lake, as well as to reduce the high salinity of the lake. Proposed measures include feeding water from the Serchio River to the lake, and the establishment of vegetation buffer strips between the farmed land and the channels and retention basins.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the Pyrenees, the proposed measures, organized by Consorcio de la Comunidad de Trabajo de los Pirineos, CTP, are to reduce risk from several hydrometeorological hazards; flooding and torrents, erosion, snow avalanches and rock fall. The measures include afforestation to reduce snow avalanche release, modification of river banks and beds to reduce torrent hazard, revegetation to reduce erosive rock fall from till deposits, and the use of local wood to prevent release of rock fall as well as forest management to reduce block velocity and runout.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Norwegian NBS proposal, organized by Oppland County Administration, is to reduce flooding, erosion, and problematic redeposition in a confluence zone between a tributary and the main river. The measure is a green, receded barrier, to provide flooding space for the river and secure adequate conditions for the riparian vegetation and several red-list species.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;PHUSICOS aims to involve stakeholders in Living Lab processes at the demonstration sites and has succeeded to different degrees depending on the starting point of the NBSs towards their implementation. Baseline surveys of key monitoring parameters are also being performed for selected measures at the three sites.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The main challenges include getting the most representative stakeholders involved in the Living Lab process, and, perhaps most important, adhering to the local laws and regulations, including environmental and tendering processes. These local regulations are already delaying the progress towards implementation of the measures within the time frame of PHUSICOS. The presentation will elaborate on the selected NBS, their co-benefits and on the challenges, which may be limiting factors for such projects.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Public Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities for Strategic Sustainable Domestic Water Management. A Case of Iringa Region In Tanzania

J ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-466
Author(s):  
Mesia Lufingo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Mandatory Service ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Water supply is a mandatory service for the majority from respective legal public water utilities, and its sustainability reflects implementations of best management strategies at a local level. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess current approaches used in water quality and quantity management and (ii) propose a sustainable domestic water management strategy. This was achieved through secondary water data trends, on-site water quality assessments, visits of water supply and sanitation authorities, and assessment of their performances. It was observed that water supplied in rural-based authorities was quite different from that supplied in an urban setting as far as quality and quantity are concerned; urban-based supplies are more affordable to users than rural ones. A new strategy on water management is presented for sustainable water supply; it is based on controlling groundwater abstractions and preference of surface water in public water supplies. Rural water supply management must learn several practices realized in urban supplies for the betterment of services for the majority of the users.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Transboundary Water Resources: A Case Study of River Brahmaputra

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Debi Prasad Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Brahmaputra River ◽  
Transboundary Water Resources ◽  
Political Boundaries

The need for water management on hydrological boundaries is mainly triggered by the growing competition for water or by the need to cooperate in an upstream downstream relation. For an institution operating on political boundaries, not coinciding with the boundaries of the river basin, it is very difficult to allocate or prioritise water or carry out flood control measures. A system of water management on political boundaries will induce the respective authorities to either monopolise the water supply sources within its area and to transfer the problem of flooding to downstream. In this article it is attempted to explore the major transboundary issues that need to be addressed in the whole Brahmaputra River basin. Sharing of resources, sharing of basic data and information and protection and preservation of ecosystem are identified as three major issues. In this context, controversial legal issues between the riparian nations in the past were also analysed which has triggered the scope for integrated approach to manage the Brahmaputra River basin. In the later part of the article, a critical analysis was made to understand the principles, approaches and instruments to address the above problems. Finally, some legal materials are presented which could be used as a basis for solving the major river basin issues.Key words: water management; diversifying water supply sources; water management strategies; NepalJournal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July 2009, pp. 135-141doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2072

Implementing risk management for water supplies: a catalyst and incentive for change

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Grey-Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Supply Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Water Supply Management

Water management in small Aboriginal settlements in remote Australia is typified by technology-driven approaches where knowledge, decision-making and responsibility reside with organisations and agencies outside the settlement. This conventional approach has been a disincentive to active involvement by residents in managing the hazards and risks of their own water supply, despite the apparent presence of knowledge and skills at the settlement level. This paper outlines lessons from the Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre’s Remote Community Water Management Project. The aim of the 2-year project was to identify a replicable model and process for sustainable small scale water supply management in remote Aboriginal settlements. The approach was a practical departure from viewing water quality in isolation from the other water supply issues such as water quantity, affordability, additional resources and aspirations. The risk management model that was developed and utilised is presented and the significant factors that enabled a holistic approach to water supply management are discussed. The dynamic combination of participatory processes and an iterative approach enabled effective project implementation, and created an environment of continual improvement. Critical elements of the project implementation are described, in particular, the sequencing of activities and the identification of incentives and drivers for increasing self reliance. The social capital within the case study settlements is explored as a critical attribute for a sustainable management program or change process. The model developed during the project provides a structure for expanding the approach to, for example, a regional water management strategy. The opportunities for expansion are further enhanced by the practices of developing appropriate and transferable tools. The integration of livelihood aspirations within institutions of policy and water risk management practice is endorsed for effective and sustainable local water management.

scholarly journals Soil and Irrigation Water Management: Farmer’s Practice, Insight, and Major Constraints in Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Desale Kidane Asmamaw ◽  
Pieter Janssens ◽  
Mekete Dessie ◽  
Seifu A. Tilahun ◽  
Enyew Adgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Irrigation Water Management

This study assessed farmers’ soil and irrigation water management practices, perceptions, and major constraints at Koga, a large-scale irrigation scheme in Ethiopia. Key informant interviews, structured and semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and field visits were used for data collection. Soil samples were collected for the assessment of soil properties and a comparison with the respondents’ perception of soil-related constraints. A total of 385 respondents were involved in the questionnaire. All of the respondents had a good perception of soil acidity and its management strategies. Respondents’ perception was in line with the mean soil pH, soil texture, infiltration rate, exchangeable acidity, and soil organic carbon obtained from lab analysis and field tests. Soil acidity, unwise use of water, water scarcity, and lack of market linkages hampered the performance of the Koga irrigation scheme. Yet, respondents had a low awareness of irrigation water management. Farmers never used irrigation scheduling, but apply the same amount of water regardless of the crop type. As a result, low yield and water use efficiency were reported. To reduce soil acidity, an adequate lime supply for farmers with hands-on training on how to apply it would be desirable. Farmers should be aware of how to design effective irrigation scheduling and adopt water-saving management strategies.

scholarly journals Public Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities: A Sustainable Domestic Water Management Strategy in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesia Lufingo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Mandatory Service ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Water supply is a mandatory service for Tanzanians from respective legal public water utilities, and their sustainability reflects implementations of best management strategies at a local level. The objective of this study was to assess current approaches used in water quality and quantity management in Tanzania. This was achieved through secondary water data tends, on-site water quality assessments, visits of respective water supply and sanitation authorities, and assessment of their performances. It was observed that water supplied in rural-based authorities was quite different from that supplied in an urban setting as far as quality and quantity is concerned, urban-based supplies being of assistance to users over rural ones. A new strategy on water management is presented for sustainable water supply in Tanzania; it is based on controlling groundwater abstractions and preference of surface water in public water supplies. Rural water supply management must learn several practices realized at urban supplies for the betterment of respective majority water users.

Effect of different water management strategies on water and contaminant fluxes in Doncaster,United Kingdom

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rueedi ◽  
A.A. Cronin ◽  
B. Moon ◽  
L. Wolf ◽  
H. Hoetzl
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Solute Fluxes

In Europe, large volumes of public water supply come from urban aquifers and so efficient urban water management and decision tools are essential to maintain quality of life both in terms of health, personal freedom and environment. In the United Kingdom, this issue gained increased importance with the last year's low volumes of groundwater replenishment that resulted in increased water shortages all over the country. An urban water volume and quality model (UVQ) was applied to a suburb of Doncaster (United Kingdom) to assess the current water supply system and to compare it with new potential scenarios of water management. The initial results show considerable changes in both water and solute fluxes for some scenarios and rather limited changes for others. Changing impermeable roads and paved areas to permeable areas, for example, would lead to higher infiltration rates that may be welcome from a water resources viewpoint but less so from a water quality point of view due to high concentrations of heavy metals. The biggest impact on water quality and quantity leaving the system through sewer, storm water and infiltration system was clearly obtained by re-using grey water from kitchen, bathroom and laundry for irrigation and toilet flush. The testing of this strategy led to lower volumes and higher concentrations of sewerage, a considerable decrease in water consumption and an increase in groundwater recharge. The scenarios were tested neither in terms of costs nor social acceptance for either water supplier or user.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document