scholarly journals Mutation Breeding of a N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-Induced Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica) Population for the Yield Attributing Traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Xuan ◽  
Truong Anh ◽  
Hoang-Dung Tran ◽  
Tran Khanh ◽  
Tran Dat
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Induced Mutation ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Trait Locus

Difficulties in breeding new rice cultivars that have a high yield, are acceptable quality, and are tolerant to environmental stresses have been the major constraint of rice production in many developing countries, as these traits are determined by multiple genes associated with complicated and uncontrollable gene segregations.Furthermore, the gene/QTL (quantitative trait locus) introduced to the cultivar is unstable due to the interaction among the active genes, which determine the phenotypic performance, not yet been well understood or controllable. In this study, the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mutation was applied to the heterozygote of the F1 generation from the cross between TBR1 (female) and KD18 (male parent). The phenotype and genotype of the M2 and M3 generations were evaluated and showed that the mutant population phenotypes, including the plant height, semi-dwarfism, amylose content, protein content, gel consistency, grain yield, and spikelet fertility, varied. Interestingly, no segregation among the genotypes in the M2 and M3 generations was observed, while the genotypes of the control population were either paternally inherited or indeterminable when using 28 polymorphism simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that were identified on parental lines from 200 markers. The MNU-induced mutation caused maternal inheritance in the segregating populations, as primarily important agronomic traits were maternally succeeded from the female line TBR1. The findings of this study indicated that, through the use of MNU, the breeding of rice cultivars with close genetic backgrounds (similarity coefficient = 0.52) could be shortened by the maternal control of important qualities, such as pest and disease resistance and high yield, thus contributing to sustainable rice production for rice farmers. Further examination of rice cultivars with a greater difference in the genetic background should be subsequently conducted.

scholarly journals Identification of fgr gene and preliminary evaluation for agronomic traits of pandan sticky rice variety (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Toan D. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fgr Gene

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in Vietnam particularly in the Mekong Delta. Screening of good quality and high yield rice varieties are needed for rice production in Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to use molecular techniques to identify fgr gene and to evaluate preliminarily agronomic traits of pandan sticky rice variety. The results showed that this variety contained fgr gene. The fragrant allele was amplified by ESP - IFAP primers with a product of 255 bp in size. Similarly, evaluation of agronomic traits showed that the pandan sticky rice variety displayed many desirable characteristics such as plant height of 108 cm, panicle length of 25.6 cm, seed/panicle 135, 100-grain weight 2.07 g, pandan smell, level 2 of alkali digestion, gel consistency 93 mm. These results were useful information and could be applied for improving and providing pandan sticky rice variety for rice production.

scholarly journals Productivity and Yield Quality of Intersubspecies Crossing of Japonica-Indica

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sobrizal Sobrizal ◽  
Carkum Carkum ◽  
Wijaya M. Indriatama ◽  
Aryanti Aryanti ◽  
Ita Dwimahyani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Yield Quality

<p>In the middle of 1980s, rice self-sufficiency in Indonesia has been achieved, but the growth of rice production slowed down since the 1990s. Narrow genetic variability of released rice varieties contributed largely to the occurrence of leveling of potential rice yield over the past decades. To enlarge the genetic variability, an intersubspecies crossing of Koshihikari (japonica) and IR36 (indica) has been performed. Through this crossing, three high yielding and high yield quality promising lines of KI 37, KI 238, and KI 730 have been obtained. The objective of this study was to evaluate the superiorities of these lines through multi-location yield trials, pests, diseases, and grain qualities examinations. Examination methods used followed the release food crops variety procedure issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. The result of examinations showed that the average yield of KI 730 was 7.47 t/ha, it was significantly higher than that of Ciherang (6,73 t/ha). KI 730 has a good grain quality, with translucent milled rice, a high percentage of milled rice (78.0%) and head rice (91.01%). The texture of its cooking rice was soft, sticky, with the amylose content of 20.41%. In addition, pests and diseases resistances of KI 730 were better than those of other lines tested. After evaluation by National Food Crops Release Variety Team, the KI 730 line was released as a national superior variety with the name of Tropiko. Tropiko should become an alternative variety to grow widely in order to increase national rice production and farmers income.</p>

Towards improving the drought tolerance of rice in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Liu ◽  
Hanwei Mei ◽  
Xinqiao Yu ◽  
Guihua Zou ◽  
Guolan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Central China ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Evaluation Standard ◽  
Qtl Discovery ◽  
Trait Locus

Drought tolerance (DT) is a very complex trait. For the purpose of developing DT rice cultivars, a research programme was initiated in 1997 in China, consisting of four coherent parts: the development of a DT field screen facility and evaluation standard; the collection, evaluation and enhancement of DT rice resources; DT gene/quantitative trait locus (QTL) discovery; and DT rice breeding. More than 2000 rice accessions, mostly from China, were collected and evaluated in a new DT screening facility with a powerful water management system. Eighty-six entries were selected to serve as a core DT collection. A set of 187 recombinant inbred lines was developed for the genetic mapping of DT and high yield-related QTL under drought conditions. Several DT rice cultivars adapted to southern and central China were released. DT rice CMS lines were developed and distributed to most parts of China to encourage the development of DT or water-saving hybrid rice.

scholarly journals Quality and Grain Yield Attributes of Rwandan Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Grown in a Biotron Applying Two NPK Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphonsine Mukamuhirwa ◽  
Helena Persson Hovmalm ◽  
Rodomiro Ortiz ◽  
Obedi Nyamangyoku ◽  
Eva Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

High-yielding rice cultivars with good processing quality and rich in nutrition suitable to a changing climate are of particular importance for future rice-based food production. Here, seven Rwandan rice cultivars were grown in a climate chamber of the biotron facility at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, to be evaluated for their grain yield, nutritional composition, and dough mixing properties. Two different levels of inorganic fertilizer were applied weekly from the seedling stage until flowering. Significant differences for grain yield and quality attributes were found between cultivars. Jyambere showed significantly the highest yield while Ingwizabukungu, Nemeyubutaka, and Jyambere were high in mineral elements content. Ndamirabahinzi and Mpembuke had the highest levels of TPC and TAC. Generally, the lower fertilizer dose resulted in a better performance of the cultivars for both yield and quality attributes. Significantly higher content of Fe, Ca, and Ba was found in grains from the moderate fertilizer dose, whereas K, Na, P, S, Zn, Cd, and Pb increased in grains from the higher fertilizer dose. The cultivar Ndamirabahinzi showed less variability of evaluated characters across fertilizer doses. The results from this study may be used for rice breeding of cultivars with high yield and good grain quality.

scholarly journals Descriptive Statistics and Heritability for Agronomic Traits and Grain Micronutrient Content in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
N. K. Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Breeding Programmes

In the present investigation, 10 parents and their 45 crosses (half diallel) along with 2 standard checks (Rajendra Nilam and Rajendra Mahsuri-1) were evaluated during Kharif, 2018 in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Rice Farm Section, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU), Pusa, Bihar. The objective of this study was to identify promising rice genotypes having desirable combination of morphological traits along with high grain iron and zinc content and high grain yield potential. The results of variability parameters indicated that ample amount of genetic variability was present for all the studied traits. Most of the traits showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating fruitfulness of selection for improvement of these traits. One genotype (P2×P7) with high grain iron (16.10 ppm) and grain zinc (26.40 ppm) content along with high yield (43.12 g/plant) was identified. Genotypes with high grain iron coupled with high grain yield (P7×P9, P8×P9, P5×P7 and P5×P9) and high  grain zinc content coupled with high grain yield (P4×P7, P9×P10, P8×P9 and P5×P7) were also identified. These promising genotypes identified can be used further in breeding programmes to obtain superior segregants with high grain micronutrient content and high grain yield.

Improvement of soybean through radiation-induced mutation breeding techniques in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. S54-S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Keun Ha ◽  
Kyung Jun Lee ◽  
Vijayanand Velusamy ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Sang Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Mutation breeding techniques have been used to induce new genetic variations and improve agronomic traits in soybean. In Korea, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has unique radiation facilities to induce plant mutations and has been conducting soybean mutation breeding programmes since the mid-1960s. Until now, the KAERI has developed five soybean mutant cultivars exhibiting early maturity, high yield and seed-coat colour change. In this paper, we review these five mutant cultivars in terms of how to successfully induce unique agronomic characteristics through mutation breeding programmes. A number of induced mutants exhibiting null lipoxygenase enzymes, altered protein patterns or Kunitz trypsin inhibitor activity could serve as genetic resources for the genetic analysis of target genes, and one mutant population has been developed for a reverse genetic study.

scholarly journals Adaptability and stability of flood-irrigated rice cultivars released to the subtropical region of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1140-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Anibele Streck ◽  
Ariano Martins de Magalhães Júnior ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Reis Fagundes ◽  
Gabriel Almeida Aguiar ◽  
Paulo Henrique Karling Facchinello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Irrigated Rice

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the effects of genotype x environment interaction and the genetic potential of flood-irrigated rice cultivars, released between 1972 and 2017, for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in the field, in all agroclimatic regions of flood-irrigated rice crop in the state, between the 2005/2006 and 2015/2016 crop years, totaling 60 environments (trials), with 1,961 experimental units. Twenty-five cultivars of irrigated rice were evaluated for the traits grain yield, plant height, days to flowering, and whole grain quality after milling. The values of adaptability and stability were estimated with the aid of mixed models. The rice cultivars BRS Pampa, BRS Pampeira, and BRSCIRAD 302 showed simultaneously high-genotypic grain yield, adaptability, stability, good agronomic traits, and good whole-grain yield after milling. 'BRSCIRAD 302' and 'BRS Pampa' show high-yield stability and can be recommended for all rice cultivation regions of Rio Grande do Sul. 'BRS Pampeira' is responsive to environmental improvements and is indicated for high-technology conditions.

scholarly journals Identification and Validation of Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Number in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Niu ◽  
Yujun Zhu ◽  
Zhichao Sun ◽  
Sibin Yu ◽  
Jieyun Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Rice Chromosomes ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
The Individual

Grains number is one of the most important agronomic traits in the determination of rice productivity. To explore the underlying genetic basis of grain number in rice, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed using three recombinant inbred line populations derived from indica rice crosses of Teqing/IRBB lines, Zhenshan 97/Milyang 46, and Xieqingzao/Milyang 46, respectively. A total of 58 QTLs distributed on all 12 rice chromosomes were identified, including 22 for number of grains per panicle (NGP), 17 for number of spikelets per panicle, and 19 for spikelet fertility. The individual QTL counted for 1.5 to 22.1% of phenotypic variation. Among them, 15 QTLs shared by two or three populations and eight QTLs showed large effects with R2 larger than 10%. Furthermore, three QTLs with minor effects for NGP, qNGP5.5, qNGP9.1, and qNGP12.1, were detected and validated by eliminating the segregation of major-effect QTL using four residual heterozygote-derived populations. These results not only enrich our understanding of the mechanism of grain number, but also provide a foundation for cloning and selecting candidate for marker-assisted selection breeding in rice.

scholarly journals Interactive Effect of Weeding Regimes, Rice Cultivars, and Seeding Rates Influence the Rice-Weed Competition under Dry Direct-Seeded Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Sharif Ahmed ◽  
M. Jahangir Alam ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
Tahir H. Awan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar

Dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.), a climate-smart and resource-efficient (labor and water) rice production technology is gaining popularity in many parts of Asian countries; however, weeds are the major constraints for its early establishment and optimum productivity. Chemical weed management is effective, rapid, and also decreases weed management costs in dry direct-seeded rice (DSR) system; however, chemical use for weed management have a negative effect on the environment and also have human health hazards. Therefore, integrated weed management (IWM) is the best option for the sustainability of rice production under the DSR system. Improving competitiveness against weeds, weed-competitive rice cultivars, and high seeding rates were found to be the most promising IWM strategies in DSR. In this context, a field study was conducted to evaluate the weed competitiveness of rice cultivars and seeding rates on the performance of aus rice in dry direct-seeded systems in Bangladesh. Three inbred rice cultivars (CV), namely “BRRI dhan26”, “BRRI dhan48”, and “BRRI dhan55”, and one hybrid cultivar, “Arize” were tested in a seeding rate (SR) of 20, 40, and 80 kg ha−1 under two weeding regimes (WR) of weed-free and partially-weedy. Rice grain yield was strongly affected (p < 0.01) by the interactions of WR, CV, and SR. In weed-free conditions, the yield of all three inbred cultivars was increased up to SR of 40 kg ha−1 and for the hybrid cultivar, up to SR of 20 kg ha−1, and with further increment of SR, there was no yield advantage. Conversely, under partially weedy conditions, the yield of three inbred cultivars increased up to SR of 80 kg ha−1; however, for the hybrid cultivar, this increment was up to SR of 40 kg ha−1 and thereafter, no yield gain. In weedy conditions, the higher SR compensates for the yield losses by increasing the competitiveness of rice with weeds. Across SR, the hybrid cultivar had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher weed competitive index (WCI) than all the inbred cultivars and the highest SR always had a higher WCI.

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