scholarly journals Interactive Effect of Weeding Regimes, Rice Cultivars, and Seeding Rates Influence the Rice-Weed Competition under Dry Direct-Seeded Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Sharif Ahmed ◽  
M. Jahangir Alam ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
Tahir H. Awan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar

Dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.), a climate-smart and resource-efficient (labor and water) rice production technology is gaining popularity in many parts of Asian countries; however, weeds are the major constraints for its early establishment and optimum productivity. Chemical weed management is effective, rapid, and also decreases weed management costs in dry direct-seeded rice (DSR) system; however, chemical use for weed management have a negative effect on the environment and also have human health hazards. Therefore, integrated weed management (IWM) is the best option for the sustainability of rice production under the DSR system. Improving competitiveness against weeds, weed-competitive rice cultivars, and high seeding rates were found to be the most promising IWM strategies in DSR. In this context, a field study was conducted to evaluate the weed competitiveness of rice cultivars and seeding rates on the performance of aus rice in dry direct-seeded systems in Bangladesh. Three inbred rice cultivars (CV), namely “BRRI dhan26”, “BRRI dhan48”, and “BRRI dhan55”, and one hybrid cultivar, “Arize” were tested in a seeding rate (SR) of 20, 40, and 80 kg ha−1 under two weeding regimes (WR) of weed-free and partially-weedy. Rice grain yield was strongly affected (p < 0.01) by the interactions of WR, CV, and SR. In weed-free conditions, the yield of all three inbred cultivars was increased up to SR of 40 kg ha−1 and for the hybrid cultivar, up to SR of 20 kg ha−1, and with further increment of SR, there was no yield advantage. Conversely, under partially weedy conditions, the yield of three inbred cultivars increased up to SR of 80 kg ha−1; however, for the hybrid cultivar, this increment was up to SR of 40 kg ha−1 and thereafter, no yield gain. In weedy conditions, the higher SR compensates for the yield losses by increasing the competitiveness of rice with weeds. Across SR, the hybrid cultivar had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher weed competitive index (WCI) than all the inbred cultivars and the highest SR always had a higher WCI.

scholarly journals Genetic Identity Based on Whole-Genome SNP Array Data of Weedy Rice in Nagano, Japan

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Bi ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Jun Hosoi ◽  
Masaharu Aoki ◽  
Nagao Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Production System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis

The rice production system in Japan is changing due to the aging of rice farmers, shortage of labor, mechanization, and increase of large-scale rice fields and increased application of direct sowing, all of which contribute to the lack of sophisticated weed management practices. Because the changing production system has not improved and likely worsened weed management practices, weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) has become a serious threat to rice production in Japan. We analyzed weedy rice accessions from Nagano, the central part of Japan, and other rice accessions to elucidate the origin of this weedy rice using a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. For developing sustainable weedy rice management practices, the elucidation of the origin of re-emerging weedy rice is crucial. Population genetic analysis indicated that weedy rice in Nagano was phylogenetically independent from the local red rice cultivar with low genetic diversity. Past and recently re-emerging weedy rice ecotypes in Nagano shared a similar genetic background which implies the evolution of weedy rice by severe natural selection. Window-based FST and selection sweep analysis revealed the divergence of some of the known key domestication-related genes, such as shattering gene sh4 and qsh1, of weedy rice from domesticated rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Molecular and Physiological Responses of Rice and Weedy Rice to Heat and Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Leonard Bonilha Piveta ◽  
Nilda Roma-Burgos ◽  
José Alberto Noldin ◽  
Vívian Ebeling Viana ◽  
Claudia de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars

Rice is the staple food for about half of the world population. Rice grain yield and quality are affected by climatic changes. Arguably, rice cultivars’ genetic diversity is diminished from decades of breeding using narrow germplasm, requiring introgressions from other Oryza species, weedy or wild. Weedy rice has high genetic diversity, which is an essential resource for rice crop improvement. Here, we analyzed the phenotypic, physiological, and molecular profiles of two rice cultivars (IRGA 424 and SCS119 Rubi) and five weedy rice (WR), from five different Brazilian regions, in response to heat and drought stress. Drought and heat stress affected the phenotype and photosynthetic parameters in different ways in rice and WR genotypes. A WR from Northern Brazil yielded better under heat stress than the non-stressed check. Drought stress upregulated HSF7A while heat stress upregulated HSF2a. HSP74.8, HSP80.2, and HSP24.1 were upregulated in both conditions. Based on all evaluated traits, we hypothesized that in drought conditions increasing HSFA7 expression is related to tiller number and that increase WUE (water use efficiency) and HSFA2a expression are associated with yield. In heat conditions, Gs (stomatal conductance) and E’s increases may be related to plant height; tiller number is inversely associated with HSPs expression, and chlorophyll content and Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration) may be related to yield. Based on morphology, physiology, and gene regulation in heat and drought stress, we can discriminate genotypes that perform well under these stress conditions and utilize such genotypes as a source of genetic diversity for rice breeding.

scholarly journals Impact of Moisture Content and Weed Management on Direct Seeded Rice Quality

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alisha Kumari ◽  
Rajan Kumar ◽  
Sweeti Kumari ◽  
Rinki Kumari Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Crop Research

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2016 at Crop Research centre Pusa, Bihar to investigate the “Effect of Moisture Regimes and Weed Management on quality of Direct Seeded Rice”. The treatments consisted of three moisture regimes in main plots and five weed management practices in sub plots. The results showed that grain (3.62 t/ha) and straw yields (52.44 q/ha), harvest index (40.83%), P uptake (10.97 kg/ha) by rice grain were maximum with 3 days Disappearance of Ponded Water(DPW) which were significantly superior to 5 and 7 DPW but N (42.19 kg/ha) and P uptake (10.97 kg/ha) by rice grain, N (30.53 kg/ha), P (8.41 kg/ha) and K (74.47 kg/ha) uptake by straw were statistically at par with 5 DPW. With regard to weed management grain yield(35.62 q/ha) was maximum with W4 treatment of weed management which was significantly superior to W2, W1 and W5 but was statistically at par with W3 treatment while, straw yield (45.12 q/ha), N(41.37 and 29.75 kg/ha), P(10.72 and 8.18 kg/ha) and K(8.80 and 7.58 kg/ha) uptake by rice grain and straw were significantly superior to W1 and W5 and were comparable to W3 and W2 treatments.  In harvest index (40.97%), W4 treatment was significantly superior to all the treatments. N, P and K content in grain and straw did not vary significantly with varying moisture regimes weed management treatments.

scholarly journals The influence of weed management on the growth and yield of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saqib ◽  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Muhammad Ijaz ◽  
Muhammad Latif ◽  
Maqshoof Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hand Weeding

Weed management is a primary concern in direct seeded rice (DSR) cropping because weed growth becomes a major constraint on crop yield. A two year field study was set up to evaluate the effect of various weed control measures on crop growth, grain yield and grain quality of DSR. The dry seeded non flooded rice experiment involved five different weed control measures: hand weeding, hoeing, inter-row tine cultivation, inter-row spike hoeing and herbicide treatment (Nominee 100 SC). The extent of weed control (compared to a non-weeded control) ranged from 50-95%. The highest crop yield was obtained using hand weeding. Hand weeding, tine cultivation and herbicide treatment raised the number of fertile rice tillers formed per unit area and the thousand grain weight. Tine cultivation provided an effective and economical level of weed control in the DSR crop.

scholarly journals The use of herbicides for weed control in direct wet-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rice production regions in the Republic of Macedonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pacanoski ◽  
G. Glatkova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Republic

Field trials were conducted in the Agricultural Research Institute for Rice, at two localities during 2005 and 2006. The objective of the study was to establish an appropriate weed management strategy for the effective control of weed flora in direct wet-seeded rice. Herbicide selectivity and influence on grain yield were also evaluated. The weed population in the trials was composed of 8 and 5 weed species in Kočani and Probi&scaron;tip locality, respectively. The most prevailing weeds in both localities were:Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Heteranthea limosa. The average weediness for both years was 456.8 weed stems per m<sup>2</sup> in Kočani locality and 589.0 weed stems per m<sup>2</sup> in Probi&scaron;tip locality. In both localities all herbicides controlled Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Heteranthera limosa excellently except Mefenacet 53 WP. All applied herbicides showed high selectivity to rice, no visual injuries were determined at any rates in any year and locality. Herbicidal treatments in both localities significantly increased rice grain yield in comparison with untreated control.

scholarly journals Effect of Rice Grain (Oryza sativa L.) Enrichment with Selenium on Foliar Leaf Gas Exchanges and Accumulation of Nutrients

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Ana Coelho Marques ◽  
Fernando C. Lidon ◽  
Ana Rita F. Coelho ◽  
Cláudia Campos Pessoa ◽  
Inês Carmo Luís ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges

An agronomic itinerary for Se biofortification of two rice cultivars (Ariete and Ceres) through foliar fertilization with sodium selenate and sodium selenite with different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 g Se.ha−1), was implemented in experimental fields. The selenium toxicity threshold was not exceeded, as shown by the eco-physiological data obtained through leaf gas exchanges. The highest Se enrichment in paddy grains was obtained with selenite for both cultivars, especially at the highest doses, i.e., 75 and 100 g Se.ha−1, with approximately a 5.0-fold increase compared with control values. In paddy grains, Zn was the most affected element by the treatments with Se with decreases up to 54%. When comparing the losses between rough and polished grains regardless of the cultivars, Se species and concentrations, it was observed that only Cu, Mg and Zn exhibited losses <50%. The remaining elements generally had losses >70%. The loss of Se is more pronounced in Ceres cultivar than in Ariete but rarely exceeds 50%. The analysis by µ-EDXRF showed that, in Ariete cultivar, Se is mostly homogeneously distributed in the grain regardless of any treatments, while in Ceres cultivar, the Se distribution seems to favor accumulation in the periphery, perhaps in the bran.

Comparison of Weed Management Programs for Furrow-Irrigated and Flooded Hybrid Rice Production in Arkansas

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Whether season-long weed control can be achieved in a furrow-irrigated rice system with similar herbicide inputs to that of a flooded system is not known. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Pine Tree, AR to evaluate different herbicide programs on the weed control efficacy and rice grain yield in furrow-irrigated and flooded rice production systems. Six herbicide programs were evaluated with and without additional late-season “as-needed” herbicide treatments. Minor injury to rice was noted for quinclorac plus propanil. However, the injury was transient and the plants fully recovered. Overall weed control was greater in the flooded system compared with the furrow-irrigated system (up to 20% greater), because flooding effectively prevented the emergence of most terrestrial weeds. In addition, rice grain yields were 13 to 14% greater in flooded compared with furrow-irrigated plots. Irrespective of the irrigation system, herbicide programs that contained a PRE-applied herbicide provided greater weed control and resulted in greater yield compared with those that did not contain PRE-applied herbicide, indicative of the importance of early-season weed control in achieving higher grain yields. On the basis of weed control, yield, and weed treatment cost, the herbicide program with clomazone PRE followed by propanil at four- to five-leaf rice was more efficient than other programs evaluated in both irrigation systems. However, furrow-irrigated plots required as-needed herbicide applications, which were applied after the four- to five-leaf rice stage when two or more plots within a program exhibited ≤ 80% control for any of the weed species. This suggests that furrow-irrigated rice production demands additional weed management efforts and thereby increases production costs. There is also a possibility for substantial yield reduction in the furrow-irrigated system compared with the flooded system. Nevertheless, furrow-irrigated rice production can still be a viable option under water-limiting situations and under certain topographic conditions.

scholarly journals Quizalofop-p-ethyl Mixed with Synthetic Auxin and ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides for Weed Management in Rice Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Eric P. Webster ◽  
Samer Y. Rustom ◽  
Benjamin M. McKnight ◽  
David C. Blouin ◽  
Gustavo M. Teló
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Synthetic Auxin

A study was conducted near Crowley, Louisiana, to evaluate the efficacy of quizalofop-p-ethyl mixed with different synthetic auxin and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides for barnyardgrass and weedy rice control in rice production systems. Quizalofop was applied at 0 or 120 g ai·ha−1 mixed with 2,4-D at 1336 g ai·ha−1, triclopyr at 282 g ai·ha−1, quinclorac at 420 g ai·ha−1, cyhalofop-butyl at 314 g ai·ha−1, or fenoxaprop-p-ethyl at 122 g ai·ha−1. Cyhalofop, fenoxaprop, 2,4-D, quinclorac, and triclopyr antagonized quizalofop for barnyardgrass control at 14 days after treatment (DAT). At 28 DAT, an antagonistic response persisted for barnyardgrass control, except when cyhalofop was mixed with quizalofop, which indicated a neutral response. Red rice, CLXL-745, and CL-111 control decreased due to antagonism of quizalofop when mixed with 2,4-D. However, quinclorac, triclopyr, cyhalofop, or fenoxaprop mixed with quizalofop resulted in a neutral response for red rice, CLXL-745, and CL-111 control at 28 DAT.

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