scholarly journals Sustainability of Historical Heritage: The Conservation of the Xi’an City Wall

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shusheng Wang ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Yuqian Xu ◽  
Linjie Zhang ◽  
Xinpeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Space Pattern ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Xi’An City

This paper studies the Xi’an City Wall (XCW) as a sustainable historical heritage. Based on the conservation process of XCW, the study is focused on four experiences that drive its sustainable development. First, the opening of gates through XCW helped to maximize its preservation while meeting the needs for urban transportation. Second, transforming XCW into an urban public space facilitated the gradual building of its camp into a city-dominated landscape. Furthermore, integrating social activities into the public space carried by XCW brought people closer to the heritage. Moreover, the use of XCW as the benchmark for the modern Xi’an urban space pattern ensured the continuation of its historical coordinates on the basis. In order to maintain the sustainability of XCW, a future sustainable development plan is put forward according to the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach proposed by UNESCO. This plan has a generalization guiding significance for the future policy formulation of XCW. Findings from this study serve as a reference for the planning and conservation of historical heritage in cities.

scholarly journals Practical urban: The urbanity and its relationship with the contemporary city.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Balestra ◽  
Amilton Arruda ◽  
Pablo Bezerra ◽  
Isabela Moroni
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

As the Industrial Revolution took place and steam driven machines emerged in the 18th century, the Industrial Age began and cities became the core of industrial and populational growth. That phenomena occurred as the job opportunities and quality of life increasingly developed away from the countryside, with the arrival of electricity and inventions such as the light bulb, thanks to important people like Sir Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison. The city, therefore, can be looked in two different ways: the urban space, occupied with tangible elements, and the social environment, filled with urban practices and cohabitation. An essential matter in many disciplines, the city is a recurrent topic for researchers who seek to understand this phenomenon of human activities. The history behind the rise of the cities show tell us about the creation of urban spaces and its manifestations, functions, transformations and the complexity inherent to the various typologies in cities all over the world. The city is a scenario full of overlapping messages that characterize the accessibility and urban communication. This is defined by Nojima (1999) as the result of the interaction between social representations and the scenario where they occur. It is through the interpretation of these messages that are manifested in the urban design accessible from cities (streets, buildings, gardens, squares, furnitures), that the individual defines the elements that identify their city. This paper discovery the concepts of city and their accessibility relationships with urban practices - design of urban activity - that directly influence the implementation of urban furniture and, above all, the importance given to them by the population, with regard to its true functions (adequacy, accessibility, ergonomics, identity and others) of their uses and appropriations. It is important for the study also understand the urban furniture relation with the project of cities - is to complement the public space or the way how interferes the urban landscape. It is need to understand how society is shown in front of herself and the world itself that surrounds and what are the affective devices that make city living when connected - through the use - therefore, this is the powerfull forces of individuals and community , space practices created by the tactics of the population to allow theirs ambiance, wellness, safety and comfort, sensations often perceived by the set of elements that constitute the urban furniture of cities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3291

scholarly journals Grass-Roots Initiatives and Bottom-Up Musealisation Mechanisms in Urban Space: The Case of Heraklion Crete

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1912-1926
Author(s):  
Konstantina Nikolopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Grass Roots Initiatives ◽  
The City

Heraklion is gradually transforming into the newest tourist destination in Crete, which is one of the most popular island destinations in Greece. The regional statutory and local tourist bodies aim to develop Heraklion as a destination per se, overcoming the “gateway to the rest of the island” identity that the city currently holds. At the same time, grass-roots initiatives are active in the city context, defending public space and urban cultural heritage, in idiosyncratic, bottom-up ways. This paper investigates the role undertaken by three such initiatives, currently active in Heraklion, to better comprehend their possible impact on the urban landscape and cultural heritage, within this gradually developing tourist landscape. The structure, aims and vision of the initiatives were documented through semi-structured interviews. Their actions, despite being diverse, are compared to the wider activity of similar initiatives in Greece, especially against neoliberal politics, culminating in defending public space, activating bottom-up musealisation mechanisms and participating in urban design in their own ways.

Chinese Transition to a Consumer Society and its Reflection on the Urban Landscape

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6457-6460
Author(s):  
Ming Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Social Scene

China’s newly constructed shopping malls in the urban areas have greatly changed citizens’ shopping and living habits, altering the fabric of the urban space, and modifying the social scene. The citizen’s initial reaction to this development is hot pursuit that eventually gives way to boredom. This paper discusses the relationship between the shopping mall and the urban environment, from the point of view of public space. It shows public space ruled and controlled in the shopping mall. It shows that urban shopping malls do not respond to the citizens expectations and demands for public space, and that the citizens’ need for social public space is irreplaceable. Ultimately, this paper points out that to the need for further research in the area of public space, it must to fulfill the needs of city dwellers.

scholarly journals Consumption and Demand for Places: a Reading through the Neapolitan Case

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Rosario Sommella ◽  
Libera D'Alessandro
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Image ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
Cultural Functions ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
The City

The contribution starts from the historical importance of the commercial function in Naples in structuring the urban space, a function to which it is possible largely to trace the long-lasting relationship between consumption and demand for places, as well as many changes in the urban image. Retail organized the city not only on the main streets but also at the scale of non-minoritarian and widespread micro-spaces in the various neighborhoods, in a Naples that, especially in the twentieth century, was transformed according to macro logic very different from today’s. Today the element that seems to most order the structure of places and the urban landscape is consumption, mixed with living and related activities, walking and cultural functions: elements mediated by local authorities, which in turn must deal with new phenomena. The question arises in territorial terms, as retail and consumption (and their protagonists) claim places and public space. The case study will be that of the metropolitan territory in an extended sense and will be analyzed through four scales chosen as the most exemplary of the change: the upgraded/touristified city-centre; the historical centre in its marginal parts; the metropolitan interstices; the small and medium-sized centers at the metropolitan scale. Demands of products and places that become the expression of a new demand for cities bring out the potential, contradictions and conflicts of a Mediterranean city in transition.

scholarly journals Movement Through the Marginalised: An Urban Landscape Investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Freddie Bensemann
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Urban Public Space ◽  
Space Design ◽  
Marginalised Groups

<p><b>In Western democratic society, urban public space has always been dominated by theMainstream user. The Marginalised, to being periodically shifted from one area to another through prevailing processes that gentrify and regulate space. These habitual processes directly and indirectly manage civic space eroding particular character evolved fromMarginalised occupation and expression, and in doing so, urban space caters to the needs and wants of the Mainstream.</b></p> <p>This project investigates such a situation yet with such habits reversed. Through the landscape design of urban space the project asks can we design urban space to accommodate thesocio-spatial needs of the Marginalised whilst at the same time, support Mainstream users?</p> <p>The investigation situates its research in Te Aro Park, a public urban space in Wellington Cityoccupied predominantly by the Marginalised. From the homeless to the eccentric, the drugaddict to the gang member, the space is often a considered a black spot avoided oruncomfortably and rapidly moved through by the Mainstream user. With a social hierarchy that has been flipped on its head the space exudes the diverse nature of Wellington with murals and public artwork that represent the Marginalised groups including local Iwi.</p> <p>This project aims to use landscape architecture design to critically assess, seek and developpotentials for harmony of urban spaces exhibiting spatial and social conflicts betweenMarginalised and Mainstream citizens. It is an attempt through landscape architecture technique, to destabilize the binary between Mainstream and marginal, and therefore engender conditions for truly diverse urban spaces. In doing so the research discovers how designers can approach public space design problems while opposing the forces of displacement. The researchadditionally contributes an understanding of the underpinnings of trying to introduce new actors without displacement of the existing and more vulnerable actors.</p>

scholarly journals Movement Through the Marginalised: An Urban Landscape Investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Freddie Bensemann
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Urban Public Space ◽  
Space Design ◽  
Marginalised Groups

<p><b>In Western democratic society, urban public space has always been dominated by theMainstream user. The Marginalised, to being periodically shifted from one area to another through prevailing processes that gentrify and regulate space. These habitual processes directly and indirectly manage civic space eroding particular character evolved fromMarginalised occupation and expression, and in doing so, urban space caters to the needs and wants of the Mainstream.</b></p> <p>This project investigates such a situation yet with such habits reversed. Through the landscape design of urban space the project asks can we design urban space to accommodate thesocio-spatial needs of the Marginalised whilst at the same time, support Mainstream users?</p> <p>The investigation situates its research in Te Aro Park, a public urban space in Wellington Cityoccupied predominantly by the Marginalised. From the homeless to the eccentric, the drugaddict to the gang member, the space is often a considered a black spot avoided oruncomfortably and rapidly moved through by the Mainstream user. With a social hierarchy that has been flipped on its head the space exudes the diverse nature of Wellington with murals and public artwork that represent the Marginalised groups including local Iwi.</p> <p>This project aims to use landscape architecture design to critically assess, seek and developpotentials for harmony of urban spaces exhibiting spatial and social conflicts betweenMarginalised and Mainstream citizens. It is an attempt through landscape architecture technique, to destabilize the binary between Mainstream and marginal, and therefore engender conditions for truly diverse urban spaces. In doing so the research discovers how designers can approach public space design problems while opposing the forces of displacement. The researchadditionally contributes an understanding of the underpinnings of trying to introduce new actors without displacement of the existing and more vulnerable actors.</p>

Interstitial Urban Space

Sweet Spots ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Scott Bernhard
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Urban Conditions

The street grid of New Orleans is uniquely configured relative to its unusual geography and 19th century settlement patterns. The method for creating an ordered street system adjacent to the dramatic undulations of the Mississippi River is as intricate and variable as the landscape itself. A combination of factors from the land-use patterns of plantations to the conflicting geometries of orderly grids and irregular curves conspired to produce the intelligible though complex urban landscape of New Orleans and a unique urban morphology. The order of streets and avenues in New Orleans produces nearly as many urban anomalies as it does regular ones and the building stock of the city often struggles to adapt to the irregularities of the “system.” These unique urban conditions were formed over the course of a century, yielding useful slivers of accidental public space and secret, interstitial worlds of compact living.

scholarly journals El espacio público en Le Corbusier. Evolución de su pensamiento y de sus estrategias formales

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eusebio Alonso García
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Community Meeting ◽  
Relationship Of

Resumen: Se analiza el papel del espacio público en diferentes obras de Le Corbusier, en sus diferentes categorías –paisaje, espacio urbano, colectivo, comunitario, de encuentro y relación, social, circulatorio, etc. – y en su implicación en las estrategias formales y espaciales. Articularemos estas reflexiones en tres apartados. El primero incidirá en la relación o identificación que se produce entre paisaje y espacio público en sus propuestas urbanísticas en las décadas de los años veinte y treinta. En el segundo apartado contrastaremos las diferencias y similitudes entre dos proyectos, UHM y Ronchamp, entendidos a veces como contradictorios pero en cuya solución proyectual resulta determinante el diseño y ubicación de los espacios colectivos de encuentro y relación de la comunidad; y ello a pesar de sus diferencias programáticas. En el tercer apartado veremos la interacción con el paisaje urbano que establece la dialéctica entre arquitectura y ciudad en dos proyectos de los últimos años, Centro de Artes Visuales Carpenter y Hospital de Venecia. Esta breve selección de edificios y proyectos, dentro de la dilatada producción de Le Corbusier, permitirá, por su adscripción temática y cronológica, establecer una adecuada perspectiva temporal en la compresión del tema y su evolución. Abstract: It is analysed the role of the public space in different works of Le Corbusier, in their different categories - landscape, urban space, collective, community, meeting and relationship, social, circulatory, etc. - and their involvement in formal and spatial strategies. We are going to distribute these reflections into three sections. The first will affect the relationship or identification that occurs between landscape and public space in its urban planning proposals in the decades of the 1920s and 1930s. In the second section, we will contrast the differences and similarities between two projects, UHM y Ronchamp, sometimes understood like contradictory but in whose design solution is determining the design and location of collective spaces of encounter and relationship of the community; and it occurs despite their functional differences. In the third section we will see the interaction with the urban landscape that the dialectic between architecture and town sets in two projects of last years, Carpenter Visuals Arts Center and Venice Hospital. This brief selection of buildings and projects, within the extensive production of Le Corbusier, will allow, by its thematic and chronological affiliation, to establish a suitable temporal perspective in the understanding of the subject and its evolution.  Palabras clave: espacio público; interrelación; paisaje; infraestructura; contexto; ciudad. Keywords: public space; interface; landscape; infrastructure; context; town. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.1012

Sacred Space Becomes Public Space

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deonnie Moodie
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
First Century ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Public Interest Litigation ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Temple

At the turn of the twenty-first century, middle-class men and women formed non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and filed public interest litigation suits (PILs) in order to expand temple space, knock down buildings that block views of Kālīghāṭ’s façade, and remove undesirable materials and populations from its environs. Employing the language of cleanliness and order, they worked (and continue to work) to make Kālīghāṭ a “must-see” tourist attraction. Scholarship has shown that India’s new middle classes—those produced through India’s economic liberalization policies in the 1990s—desire highly visible forms demonstrating their modernity as well as their uniqueness on the international stage of urban space. The example of Kālīghāṭ indicates how India’s new middle classes build on the work of the old middle classes to deploy the temple as emblematic of both their modernity and their Indian-ness. In so doing, they read the idioms of public space onto sacred space.

scholarly journals “The street is ours”. A comparative analysis of street trading, Covid-19 and new street geographies in Harare, Zimbabwe and Kisumu, Kenya

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kiaka ◽  
Shiela Chikulo ◽  
Sacha Slootheer ◽  
Paul Hebinck
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Urban Food Security ◽  
Street Trading ◽  
Food Economy ◽  
City State ◽  
Abstract Spaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractThis collaborative and comparative paper deals with the impact of Covid-19 on the use and governance of public space and street trade in particular in two major African cities. The importance of street trading for urban food security and urban-based livelihoods is beyond dispute. Trading on the streets does, however, not occur in neutral or abstract spaces, but rather in lived-in and contested spaces, governed by what is referred to as ‘street geographies’, evoking outbreaks of violence and repression. Vendors are subjected to the politics of municipalities and the state to modernize the socio-spatial ordering of the city and the urban food economy through restructuring, regulating, and restricting street vending. Street vendors are harassed, streets are swept clean, and hygiene standards imposed. We argue here that the everyday struggle for the street has intensified since and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Mobility and the use of urban space either being restricted by the city-state or being defended and opened up by street traders, is common to the situation in Harare and Kisumu. Covid-19, we pose, redefines, and creates ‘new’ street geographies. These geographies pivot on agency and creativity employed by street trade actors while navigating the lockdown measures imposed by state actors. Traders navigate the space or room for manoeuvre they create for themselves, but this space unfolds only temporarily, opens for a few only and closes for most of the street traders who become more uncertain and vulnerable than ever before, irrespective of whether they are licensed, paying rents for vending stalls to the city, or ‘illegally’ vending on the street.

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