scholarly journals The Significance of the Adaptive Thermal Comfort Limits on the Air-Conditioning Loads in a Temperate Climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Dariusz Alterman ◽  
Adrian Page ◽  
Behdad Moghtaderi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Thermal Comfort Model

The building industry is regarded a major contributor to climate change as energy consumption from buildings accounts for 40% of the total energy. The types of thermal comfort models used to predict the heating and cooling loads are critical to save energy in operative buildings and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In this research, the internal air temperatures were recorded for over one year under the free floating mode with no heating or cooling, then the number of hours required for heating or cooling were calculated based on fixed sets of operative temperatures (18 °C–24 °C) and the adaptive thermal comfort model to estimate the number of hours per year required for cooling and heating to sustain the occupants’ thermal comfort for four full-scale housing test modules at the campus of the University of Newcastle, Australia. The adaptive thermal comfort model significantly reduced the time necessary for mechanical cooling and heating by more than half when compared with the constant thermostat setting used by the air-conditioning systems installed on the site. It was found that the air-conditioning system with operational temperature setups using the adaptive thermal comfort model at 80% acceptability limits required almost half the operating energy when compared with fixed sets of operating temperatures. This can be achieved by applying a broader range of acceptable temperature limits and using techniques that require minimal energy to sustain the occupants’ thermal comfort.

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy Consumption in Different European Cities: The Adaptive Comfort Control Implemented Model (ACCIM) Considering Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sánchez-García ◽  
David Bienvenido-Huertas ◽  
Jesús A. Pulido-Arcas ◽  
Carlos Rubio-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Assessment Report ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Reports of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have set various greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, through which the evolution of the temperature of the planet can be estimated throughout the 21st century. The reduction of the emissions from the different activities carried out by mankind is crucial to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. One of the most significant activities is users’ behaviour within buildings, particularly the use of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning systems. Modifying users’ behaviour patterns to guarantee acceptable thermal conditions inside buildings could lead to considerable energy saving percentages, and adaptive thermal comfort models could be an opportunity to achieve important savings. For this reason, this study analyzes the potential to apply adaptive thermal comfort models to use artificial air-conditioning systems by modifying setpoint temperatures. The analysis was conducted in five major European cities (Barcelona, Berlin, Bern, Rome, and Vienna) and in five climate change scenarios in the year 2050. The results showed that, in general, the energy saving achieved by adaptive strategies was larger in the cities with a greater cooling demand. Also, in both Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) of the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) considered, the energy saving were decreased in the cities of Barcelona and Rome, with values lower than those of the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) scenarios considered, whereas in the cities of Berlin, Bern, and Vienna, the saving in the RCP scenarios is greater than those in the other scenarios.

scholarly journals Adaptive Thermal Comfort Potential in Mediterranean Office Buildings: A Case Study of Torre Sevilla

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Castaño-Rosa ◽  
Carlos Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Carlos Rubio-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Adaptive Comfort ◽  
Conditioning Equipment ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
The City

The design and construction of buildings is currently subject to a growing set of requirements concerning sustainability and energy efficiency. This paper shows a case study of the Torre Sevilla skyscraper, located in the city of Seville (in the south of Spain), which has high-tech energy-efficient features and which uses air-conditioning systems during most of its operating hours. The analysis carried out starts from a simulation in which occupants’ thermal comfort are obtained, based on the adaptive comfort model defined in the standard EN 15251:2007. With this approach, it is possible to determine the number of hours during operation in which the building has adequate comfort conditions only with the help of the envelope and natural ventilation. Consequently, the remaining useful hours require the use of air-conditioning systems. The results show that it is possible to improve the thermal performance of the building due to its location in the Mediterranean climate. To do this, advanced mixed mode (through manual-opening or mechanically-controlled opening windows) and active air-conditioning are suggested. This experimental proposal provides a reduction of the occupation hours which require the use of air-conditioning equipment by 28.57%, reducing the air-conditioning demand and, consequently, the energy consumption of the building.

scholarly journals The Significance of Temperature Based Approach Over the Energy Based Approaches in the Buildings Thermal Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Dariusz Alterman ◽  
Adrian Page ◽  
Behdad Moghtaderi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Brick Veneer ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cooling Loads ◽  
Thermal Comfort Model

Abstract The design of low energy buildings requires accurate thermal simulation software to assess the heating and cooling loads. Such designs should sustain thermal comfort for occupants and promote less energy usage over the life time of any building. One of the house energy rating used in Australia is AccuRate, star rating tool to assess and compare the thermal performance of various buildings where the heating and cooling loads are calculated based on fixed operational temperatures between 20 °C to 25 °C to sustain thermal comfort for the occupants. However, these fixed settings for the time and temperatures considerably increase the heating and cooling loads. On the other hand the adaptive thermal model applies a broader range of weather conditions, interacts with the occupants and promotes low energy solutions to maintain thermal comfort. This can be achieved by natural ventilation (opening window/doors), suitable clothes, shading and low energy heating/cooling solutions for the occupied spaces (rooms). These activities will save significant amount of operating energy what can to be taken into account to predict energy consumption for a building. Most of the buildings thermal assessment tools depend on energy-based approaches to predict the thermal performance of any building e.g. AccuRate in Australia. This approach encourages the use of energy to maintain thermal comfort. This paper describes the advantages of a temperature-based approach to assess the building’s thermal performance (using an adaptive thermal comfort model) over energy based approach (AccuRate Software used in Australia). The temperature-based approach was validated and compared with the energy-based approach using four full scale housing test modules located in Newcastle, Australia (Cavity Brick (CB), Insulated Cavity Brick (InsCB), Insulated Brick Veneer (InsBV) and Insulated Reverse Brick Veneer (InsRBV)) subjected to a range of seasonal conditions in a moderate climate. The time required for heating and/or cooling using the adaptive thermal comfort approach and AccuRate predictions were estimated. Significant savings (of about 50 %) in energy consumption in minimising the time required for heating and cooling were achieved by using the adaptive thermal comfort model.

Effect of Air Conditioning Position on Thermal Comfort in the Floor Air Conditioning System

2014 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Y.A. Sabtalistia ◽  
S.N.N. Ekasiwi ◽  
B. Iskandriawan
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Air Diffusion

Energy consumption for air conditioning systems (air conditioning system) increased along with the increasing need for fresh air and comfortable in the room especially apartments. FAC system (Floor Air Conditioning) is growing because it is more energy efficient than CAC (Ceiling Air Conditioning) system. However, the position of the AC supply is on the lower level at the FAC system causes draft discomfort becomes greater as air supply closer to the occupants so that thermal comfort can be reduced. Heat mixture of windows, exterior walls, kitchen, and occupants in the studio apartment affect thermal comfort in the room too.This study aims to determine the position of the AC supply which has the best thermal comfort of FAC system in the studio apartment. It can be done by analyzing ADPI (Air Diffusion Performance Index), the distribution of air temperature, wind speed, RH (Relative Humidity), and DR (Draft Risk) to change the position of the AC supply supported by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation.This result prove that AC position 2 (on wall near the kitchen) is more comfortable than AC position 1 (on the bathroom wall) because AC position 2 away from occupied areas, thereby reducing the occurrence of draught discomfort.

The study of solar absorption air-conditioning systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Mittal ◽  
KS Kasana ◽  
NS Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Solar Absorption Cooling ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

An air-conditioning system utilizing solar energy would generally be more efficient, cost wise, if it was used to provide both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Various solar powered heating systems have been tested extensively, but solar powered air conditioning systems have received very little attention. Solar powered absorption cooling systems can serve both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Many researchers have studied the solar absorption air conditioning system in order to make it economically and technically viable. But still, much more research in this area is needed. This paper will help many researchers working in this area and provide them with fundamental knowledge on absorption systems, and a detailed review on the past efforts in the field of solar absorption cooling systems with the absorption pair of lithium-bromide and water. This knowledge will help them to start the parametric study in order to investigate the influence of key parameters on the overall system performance.

scholarly journals The Connection between Architectural Elements and Adaptive Thermal Comfort of Tropical Vernacular Houses in Mountain and Beach Locations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7427
Author(s):  
Hermawan Hermawan ◽  
Jozef Švajlenka
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Study Results

Passive thermal comfort has been widely used to test the thermal performance of a building. The science of active thermal comfort is important to be connected with the science of architecture. The currently developing active thermal comfort is adaptive thermal comfort. Vernacular houses are believed to be able to create thermal comfort for the inhabitants. The present study seeks to analyze the connection between the architectural elements of vernacular houses and adaptive thermal comfort. A mixed method was applied. A quantitative approach was used in the measurement of variables of climate, while a qualitative methodology was employed in an interview on thermal sensations. The connection between architectural elements and adaptive thermal comfort was analyzed by considering the correlation among architectural features, the analysis results of thermal comfort, and the Olgyay and psychrometric diagrams. At the beginning of the rainy season, residents of exposed stone houses had the highest comfortable percentage of 31%. In the middle of the rainy season, the highest percentage of comfort was obtained by residents of exposed brick and wooden houses on the beach at 39%. The lowest comfortable percentage experienced by residents of exposed stone houses at the beginning of the dry season was 0%. The beginning of the dry season in mountainous areas has air temperatures that are too low, making residents uncomfortable. The study results demonstrate that adaptive thermal comfort is related to using a room for adaptation to create thermal comfort for the inhabitants.

scholarly journals Thermal adaptive behavior and thermal comfort for occupants in multi-person offices with air-conditioning systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 108432
Author(s):  
Peiping Zheng ◽  
Chunxiao Wang ◽  
Yanchen Liu ◽  
Borong Lin ◽  
Huijun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

scholarly journals Thermal comfort control via air conditioning system using fuzzy neural network feedback controller

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Somaye A. Mohamadi ◽  
Abdulraheem J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

<span>Despite their complexity and uncertainty, air conditioning systems should provide the optimal thermal conditions in a building. These controller systems should be adaptable to changes in environmental parameters. In most air conditioning systems, today, there are On/Off controllers or PID in more advanced types, which, due to different environmental conditions, are not optimal and cannot provide the optimal environmental conditions. Controlling thermal comfort of an air conditioning system requires estimation of thermal comfort index. In this study, fuzzy controller was used to provide thermal comfort in an air conditioning system, and neural network was used to estimate thermal comfort in the feedback path of the controller. Fuzzy controller has a good response given the non-linear features of air conditioning systems. In addition, the neural network makes it possible to use thermal comfort feedback in a real-time control.</span>

A Method To Evaluate Passenger Thermal Comfort In Automobile Air Conditioning Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Chothave ◽  
Yashwant Mohite ◽  
Vinay Poal ◽  
Phaneendra Pamarthi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Automobile Air Conditioning

scholarly journals The impact of thermal comfort in the perceived level of service and energy costs of three Brazilian airports

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Elhage Ramis ◽  
Emmanuel Antonio dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
The Impact

To evaluate airports' current thermal comfort temperature and humidity were registered in three main Brazilian international airports, other variables were local region climate characteristics and the constructive types of passenger terminal buildings. The Brazilian air transportation demand has considerably grown over the last decade, with some airports reaching their capacity. Thermal discomfort may be a key driver of passenger perceptions of airport service levels, specially under capacity overload situations. Therefore, to achieve airport thermal comfort within this new scenario, and with the imminent and future expansions of the airport system, certainly put extra work on the existing air conditioning systems, consequently increasing energy consumption and its associated costs. Collected temperature and humidity from each study case subsided the data for the psychrometric charts. The evidences showed temperatures below the international standards requirements for thermal comfort levels. These charts also indicated that adequate building types with natural air circulation, provides the best levels of thermal comfort. Results suggest the importance of considering the implementation of a combined system using artificial and natural air conditioning in the planning of future expansions.

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