scholarly journals A Circular Economy Approach to Military Munitions: Valorization of Energetic Material from Ammunition Disposal through Incorporation in Civil Explosives

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ferreira ◽  
José Ribeiro ◽  
Roland Clift ◽  
Fausto Freire
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Emulsion Explosive ◽  
Emulsion Explosives ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Flue Gas Treatment

Ammunition that has reached its end of life or become obsolete is considered hazardous waste due to the energetic material content that must be decommissioned. One of the technologies to dispose of ammunition involves the use of incinerators with sophisticated gas treatment systems; however, this disposal process has important limitations in terms of incinerator capacity, energy requirements and high costs. This article assesses the potential primary energy avoided and environmental benefits arising from the valorization of energetic material from military ammunition by incorporating it into civil emulsion explosives, as an alternative to destructive disposal. This approach follows the circular economy principle, as articulated inter alia in BS 8001:2007, by giving a new service to a residue through its incorporation into a new product. A prospective life-cycle model is implemented based on primary data from previous studies on the conventional disposal process and on the production of emulsion explosive. The model applies system expansion to calculate the environmental burdens avoided when energetic material from ammunition is incorporated into civil explosives. The results show that re-using ammunition through valorization of energetic material greatly reduces the environmental impacts in all categories compared to the conventional disposal process. The benefits arise mainly from avoiding the incineration and flue gas treatment processes in ammunition disposal, and displacing production of civil explosive components with the energetic material from ammunition.

scholarly journals Simulation of the flue gas treatment processes of an industrial-waste incinerator using Aspen plus

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3246-3252
Author(s):  
Ju-Ho Lee ◽  
Moon-Hun Jung ◽  
Young-Hyun Kwon ◽  
Gang-Woo Lee ◽  
Byung-Hyun Shon
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Flue Gas Treatment

scholarly journals Palm Oil Clinker as a Waste by-Product: Utilization and Circular Economy Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba ◽  
Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty ◽  
Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih ◽  
Azmatullah Noor ◽  
Mohammad Fakhuma Ubaidillah bin Md Hafiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Treatment Processes

Conservation of natural resources to create ecological balance could be significantly improved by substituting them with waste by-products. Palm oil industry operations increases annually, thereby generating huge quantity of waste to be dumped into the landfill. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a solid waste by-product produced in one of the oil palm processing phases. This chapter is designed to highlight the generation, disposal problems, properties and composition of POC. The waste to resource potentials of POC would be greatly discussed in the chapter starting with the application of POC in conventional and geopolymer structural elements such as beams, slabs, columns made of either concrete, mortar or paste for coarse aggregates, sand and cement replacement. Aspects such as performance of POC in wastewater treatment processes, fine aggregate and cement replacement in asphaltic and bituminous mixtures during highway construction, a bio-filler in coatings for steel manufacturing processes and a catalyst during energy generation would also be discussed. Circular economy potentials, risk assessment and leaching behavior during POC utilization would be evaluated. The chapter also discusses the effectiveness of POC in soil stabilization and the effect of POC pretreatment for performance enhancement. Towards an efficient utilization, it is important to carry out technical and economic studies, as well as life cycle assessments, in order to compare all the POC areas of application described in the present review article. POC powder has proven to be pozzolanic with maximum values of 17, 53.7, 0.92, 3.87, 1.46, for CaO, SiO2, SO3, Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Therefore, the present chapter would inspire researchers to find research gaps that will aid the sustainable use of agroindustry wastes. The fundamental knowledge contained in the chapter could also serve as a wake-up call for researchers that will motivate them to explore the high potential of utilizing POC for greater environmental benefits associated with less cost when compared with conventional materials.

scholarly journals The “ReWaste4.0” Project—A Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Renato Sarc
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Mixed Waste ◽  
Further Development

ReWaste4.0 is an innovative and cooperative K-Project in the period 2017–2021. Through ReWaste4.0 the transformation of the non-hazardous mixed municipal and commercial waste treatment industry towards a circular economy has started by investigating and applying the new approaches of the Industry 4.0. Vision of the ReWaste4.0 is, among others, the development of treatment plants for non-hazardous waste into a “Smart Waste Factory” in which a digital communication and interconnection between material quality and machine as well as plant performance is reached. After four years of research and development, various results have been gained and the present review article summarizes, links and discuss the outputs (especially from peer-reviewed papers) of seven sub-projects, in total, within the K-project and discusses the main findings and their relevance and importance for further development of the waste treatment sector. Results are allocated into three areas, namely: contaminants in mixed waste and technical possibilities for their reduction as well as removal; secondary raw and energy materials in mixed waste and digitalization in waste characterization and treatment processes for mixed waste. The research conducted in ReWaste4.0 will be continued in ReWaste F for further development towards a particle-, sensor- and data-based circular economy in the period 2021–2025.

scholarly journals Living lab on sharing and circular economy: The case of Turin

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 146045822098727
Author(s):  
Federico Cuomo ◽  
Nadia Lambiase ◽  
Antonio Castagna
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Past Experiences

Cities with their innovative capacity are key places to address critical climate, environmental and health challenges. Urban experimentations, such as Living Labs, can represent a starting point to reintroduce resources into the production cycle and reduce environmental impacts, embracing the paradigm of the circular economy (CE). According to recent studies, Living Labs at a city scale could generate significant environmental benefits, improvements in quality of life and positive impacts on citizens’ health.1 This paper aims at presenting the case of the Torino Living Lab on Sharing and Circular Economy (LLSC) to point out possible future scenarios of urban sustainable policies. The case study is analysed in five sections: (1) the description of the new permanent laboratory proposed by the City of Turin; (2) the past experiences of Living Labs in Turin; (3) the birth of LLSC and the involvement strategy; (4) the introduction of the eight admitted experimentations. In the light of the results collected, the last paragraph (5) came up with the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Treaths (SWOT) analysis in the LLSC. Eventually, it deals with the research question by offering a common ground for global and local policies focused on sustainability and CE.

scholarly journals Advances in Circular Bioeconomy Technologies: From Agricultural Wastewater to Value-Added Resources

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Nidhi Mehta ◽  
Kinjal J Shah ◽  
Yu-I Lin ◽  
Yongjun Sun ◽  
Shu-Yuan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Electrokinetic Separation

This review systematically outlines the recent advances in the application of circular bioeconomy technologies for converting agricultural wastewater to value-added resources. The properties and applications of the value-added products from agricultural wastewater are first summarized. Various types of agricultural wastewater, such as piggery wastewater and digestate from anaerobic digestion, are focused on. Next, different types of circular technologies for recovery of humic substances (e.g., humin, humic acids and fulvic acids) and nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) from agricultural wastewater are reviewed and discussed. Advanced technologies, such as chemical precipitation, membrane separation and electrokinetic separation, are evaluated. The environmental benefits of the circular technologies compared to conventional wastewater treatment processes are also addressed. Lastly, the perspectives and prospects of the circular technologies for agricultural wastewater are provided.

The Influence of SO2 and HCl Concentrations on the Consumption of Sodium Bicarbonate during Flue Gas Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boleslav Zach ◽  
Michal Šyc ◽  
Karel Svoboda ◽  
Michael Pohořelý ◽  
Radovan Šomplák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Flue Gas Treatment

scholarly journals Study on the influence of advanced treatment processes on the surface properties of polylactic acid for a bio-based circular economy for plastics

2021 ◽  
pp. 105627
Author(s):  
Georgia Sourkouni ◽  
Charalampia Kalogirou ◽  
Philipp Moritz ◽  
Anna Gödde ◽  
Pavlos K. Pandis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes
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