scholarly journals Advances in Circular Bioeconomy Technologies: From Agricultural Wastewater to Value-Added Resources

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Nidhi Mehta ◽  
Kinjal J Shah ◽  
Yu-I Lin ◽  
Yongjun Sun ◽  
Shu-Yuan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Electrokinetic Separation

This review systematically outlines the recent advances in the application of circular bioeconomy technologies for converting agricultural wastewater to value-added resources. The properties and applications of the value-added products from agricultural wastewater are first summarized. Various types of agricultural wastewater, such as piggery wastewater and digestate from anaerobic digestion, are focused on. Next, different types of circular technologies for recovery of humic substances (e.g., humin, humic acids and fulvic acids) and nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) from agricultural wastewater are reviewed and discussed. Advanced technologies, such as chemical precipitation, membrane separation and electrokinetic separation, are evaluated. The environmental benefits of the circular technologies compared to conventional wastewater treatment processes are also addressed. Lastly, the perspectives and prospects of the circular technologies for agricultural wastewater are provided.

Application of chemical precipitation for piggery wastewater treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-H. Lee ◽  
J. Iamchaturapatr ◽  
C. Polprasert ◽  
K.-H. Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Several series of experiments were conducted to investigate the treatment of piggery wastewater using chemical precipitation (CP) where various types of coagulants such as aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), poly aluminium chloride (PAC), ferric chloride (FeCl3), ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and ferrous chloride (FeCl2) were used. Throughout the experiments, CP was found to achieve high removal efficiencies for organic compounds and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from the piggery wastewater. Experimental results showed the optimal doses of FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCl2 and FeSO4 was 2.0 g/L, while 0.31 g/L and 2.5 g/L were the optimum dose for PAC and Al2(SO4)3, respectively. The pH range 4-5 resulted in the best performance to all coagulants except FeCl2 and FeSO4, whose optimum pH were more than 6. Percentage removal efficiencies for COD were in the ranges of 70-80%, 90-95% for SS, 80-90% for organic-N and TP. Those removal efficiencies were achieved within 5 min of operation. Three times of repetition in CP resulted in higher removal efficiencies for COD, SS and colour up to 74%, 99% and 94% respectively, in which Al2(SO4)3 was used as the coagulant. Removal efficiencies of various water quality parameters in a continuously operated reactor were similar to those of the batch experiments. Biodegradable ratios (BOD5increased up to 65% after the application of CP.

scholarly journals Optimisation of microalgal cultivation via nutrient-enhanced strategies: the biorefinery paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo M. Figueroa-Torres ◽  
Jon K. Pittman ◽  
Constantinos Theodoropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Microalgal Cultivation ◽  
Lipid Formation

Abstract Background The production of microalgal biofuels, despite their sustainable and renowned potential, is not yet cost-effective compared to current conventional fuel technologies. However, the biorefinery concept increases the prospects of microalgal biomass as an economically viable feedstock suitable for the co-production of multiple biofuels along with value-added chemicals. To integrate biofuels production within the framework of a microalgae biorefinery, it is not only necessary to exploit multi-product platforms, but also to identify optimal microalgal cultivation strategies maximising the microalgal metabolites from which biofuels are obtained: starch and lipids. Whilst nutrient limitation is widely known for increasing starch and lipid formation, this cultivation strategy can greatly reduce microalgal growth. This work presents an optimisation framework combining predictive modelling and experimental methodologies to effectively simulate and predict microalgal growth dynamics and identify optimal cultivation strategies. Results Microalgal cultivation strategies for maximised starch and lipid formation were successfully established by developing a multi-parametric kinetic model suitable for the prediction of mixotrophic microalgal growth dynamics co-limited by nitrogen and phosphorus. The model’s high predictive capacity was experimentally validated against various datasets obtained from laboratory-scale cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CCAP 11/32C subject to different initial nutrient regimes. The identified model-based optimal cultivation strategies were further validated experimentally and yielded significant increases in starch (+ 270%) and lipid (+ 74%) production against a non-optimised strategy. Conclusions The optimised microalgal cultivation scenarios for maximised starch and lipids, as identified by the kinetic model presented here, highlight the benefits of exploiting modelling frameworks as optimisation tools that facilitate the development and commercialisation of microalgae-to-fuel technologies.

Chemical and Biological Processes for Nutrients Removal and Recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-138
Author(s):  
Dafne Crutchik Pedemonte ◽  
Nicola Frison ◽  
Carlota Tayà ◽  
Sergio Ponsa ◽  
Francesco Fatone
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Nutrients Removal ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Removal And Recovery

This chapter gives an overview on the main technologies for nutrient removal from industrial wastewater by focusing on principles and operational parameters of real applications. A plethora of technologies can achieve the nutrients removal from wastewater depending mainly on their concentration and forms; however, biological nitrification and denitrification and chemical precipitation are the most common processes used today to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Stripping, adsorption and membrane based processes for nutrients recovery can be economically viable only when nitrogen concentration is higher than 1.5-2 gN/L. On the other hand, phosphorus recovery should always be pursued and struvite crystalization is the most common option that should be evaluated together with biological phosphorus accumulation in sludge or plants for the following post-processing and valorization.

Size fractionation characterisation of removed organics in reverse osmosis concentrates by ferric chloride

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1795-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Bagastyo ◽  
J. Keller ◽  
D. J. Batstone
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Stirred Cell ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Concentrates

Reverse osmosis membrane separation is the leading method for manufacturing potable purified water. It also produces a concentrate stream, namely reverse osmosis concentrates (ROC), with 10–20% of the water, and almost all other compounds. One method for further treating this stream is by coagulation with ferric chloride. This study evaluates removed organics in ROC treated with ferric chloride. Fractionation with ultrafiltration membranes allows separation of organics based on a nominal molecular weight. A stirred cell system was applied for serial fractionation to classify organic compounds into six groups of <0.5 kDa, 0.5–1 kDa, 1–3 kDa, 3–5 kDa, 5–10 kDa and >10 kDa. The study found that raw ROC is rich in low molecular weight compounds (<1 kDa) with almost 50% of the organics. These compounds include soluble microbial products (SMPs) and smaller humic and fulvic acids as indicated by fluorescence scanning. Conversely, colour was mostly contributed by medium to large molecules of humic and fulvic acids (>0.5 kDa). Organics and colour were reduced in all molecular groups at an optimum treatment dose 1.48 mM FeCl3 and a pH of 5. However, ferric seemed to effectively remove colour in all size ranges while residual nitrogen was found mostly in the <1 kDa sizes. Further, the fluorescence indicated that larger humic and fulvic acids were removed with considerable SMPs remaining in the <0.5 kDa.

Biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor with separated biofilm nitrification

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bortone ◽  
F. Malaspina ◽  
L. Stante ◽  
A. Tilche
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Organic Carbon Oxidation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

An Anaerobic/Anoxic Sequencing Batch Reactor (A/A SBR) with separated batch biofilm nitrification was tested for nutrient removal against a five step Anaerobic-anoxic/Oxic SBR (A/O SBR). Piggery wastewater, particularly challenging for its low COD/N ratio, was used as feed. After feeding, the A/A SBR ran under anaerobic conditions for organic carbon sequestering and phosphorus removal. A settling phase was allowed to separate an ammonia-rich supernatant to be nitrified in a external biofilm reactor. The nitrified effluent returned to the A/A SBR where nitrates were removed, being used as final electron acceptors for luxury P-uptake and organic carbon oxidation. A/A SBR showed very good N and P removal capacities with excellent sludge settling properties. On the other hand, organic carbon removal efficiency with nitrate was lower than with oxygen. Batch biofilm nitrification was very effective, with very high nitrification rates. Presence of poly-P bacteria in the A/A SBR sludge was assessed through microscopic observation and from the high cellular poly-phosphate content.

Process Study on Green Treatment of Waste Anolyte

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
Li Na Chen ◽  
Wan Yi Liu ◽  
Qi Lin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Waste Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Ammonium Hydrogen

Contraposing the waste anolyte of industry, the paper proposed a new chemical precipitation method to recover Mn (II) ions and Mg (II) ions from the waste solution using ammonium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as precipitants, respectively. The technological conditions of dealing procedure such as the molar ratio of reactants, pH value, reaction temperature and time, aging time were investigated. The results shown that the removal rate of Mn (II) ions and Mg (II) ions reached to 96 % and 98 %, and the yields of MnCO3 and NH4MgPO4·6H2O reached to 91 % and 94 %, respectively. The residual solution was recycled to realize the treatment greenly, which could meet the needs of production and increase environmental benefits.

Elimination of Pollutants and Emerging Contaminants in Piggery Wastewater Treatment Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1924-1928
Author(s):  
Lei Tong ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Yi Xian Shao ◽  
Yan Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Final Effluent

Piggery wastewater includes a lot of hardly degradable pollutants, which are not well removed during treatment plants. In our study, a multi-stage wastewater treatment system was introduced, which contains liquid-solid separation, anaerobic fermentation, aerobic treatment, functional material filtration and oxidation processes. In RPAFR, the readily biodegradable organic matter was degraded, and the removal efficiency of COD and BOD5reached 80%; but nitrogen and phosphorus could not be removed effectively. When MEOD and MFMI were operated to treat digested effluent, nitrogen and phosphorus were effectively removed. The removal of three kinds of antibiotics (FQs, SMs and TCs) in piggery wastewater treatment plants were detected, and for most antibiotics, more than 90% compounds were eliminated, but only few of them were totally removed in wastewater of final effluent. The weather also influenced the removal efficiency of DC, CIP and SMZ, which were better in autumn than spring, however, the whole trend of antibiotics elimination were similar in different weather. Different kinds of antibiotics residues in final effluent enhanced the ecological risk of environmental waters and human health.

The efficiency of biological aerobic treatment of piggery wastewater to control nitrogen, phosphorus, pathogen and gas emissions

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1909-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Béline ◽  
M. L. Daumer ◽  
L. Loyon ◽  
A. M. Pourcher ◽  
P. Dabert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Due to the water pollution and in order to reduce the nitrogen load applied on soils, biological nitrogen removal treatment of piggery wastewaters was developed in Brittany (France), with 250–300 units running. Four types of treatment processes were built including a biological reactor allowing to remove about 60–70% of the nitrogen content as gas by nitrification/denitrification. The addition of different mechanical separators (screw-press, centrifuge decanter …) led to concentration of phosphorus in an exportable solid phase, allowing a reduction up to 80% of the phosphorus applied locally on soils. Moreover, a reduction of the gaseous emissions was observed using this management process as compared to conventional management (storage + land spreading) including ammonia (up to 68%) and greenhouse gases (55%). Finally, the level of enteric and pathogenic bacteria was also decreased with the treatment process as compared to conventional management systems. However, in spite of these results, the significant cost of the treatment must be underlined and alternative systems including anaerobic digestion will have to be studied.

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