scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Corncob Biochar before and after Heat Treatment and Washing

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiatkamjon Intani ◽  
Sajid Latif ◽  
Md. Islam ◽  
Joachim Müller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Application Rates

Biochar from crop residues such as corncobs can be used for soil amendment, but its negative effects have also been reported. This study aims to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of different biochar treatments and application rates on cress (Lepidium sativum). Corncob biochar was produced via slow pyrolysis without using purging gas. Biochar treatments included fresh biochar (FB), dried biochar (DB), washed biochar (WB), and biochar water extract (WE). Biochar application rates of 10, 20, and 30 t/ha were investigated. Significant phytotoxic effects of biochar were observed on germination rates, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry matter content, while severe toxic effects were identified in FB and WE treatments. Germination rate after 48 h (GR48) decreased with the increase of biochar application rates in all treatments. The observed order of performance of the biochar treatments for germination, shoot length, and shoot fresh weight for every biochar application rate was WB>DB>WE>FB, while it was the reverse order for the shoot dry matter content. WB treatment showed the best performance in reducing the phytotoxicity of biochar. The mitigation of the phytotoxicity in fresh corncob biochar by washing and heat treatment was found to be a simple and effective method.

Genetic variation amongst swede varieties and their hybrids and their response to soil fertility

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Denton ◽  
W. J. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Shoot Weight

SummaryThe mean total yield and mean fresh weight of seven swede varieties and their F1 hybrids was increased primarily by nitrogen and also by phosphorus fertilizer. There was no evidence of genotype × environment interaction for characters concerned with yield except for dry-matter content where two varieties, Best-of-All and Reform, were less stable to fertility environments than the others. Heterosis was common amongst F1 hybrids and this suggests their use in swede improvement: the inheritance pattern of root weight showed overdominance, shoot weight showed partial dominance and drymatter content showed additivity, with no evidence of gene interaction. Segregation for root fresh weight and dry-matter content occurred in F2 populations and although an overall negative correlation was found there was evidence that progeny from certain crosses gave reasonable prospects of combining both characters.

Effect of some field variables on the dry-matter content of tea shoots

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Cloughley
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Main Production

Beverage tea is produced from the immature shoots manually harvested from the perennial shrub Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. Fresh green leaf is mechanically comminuted and converted to the black tea of commerce by a series of partially controlled biochemical oxidation reactions (Sanderson, 1972). The final, unrefined dried product represents some 20% of the initial fresh weight of crop, the actual dry-matter content of the harvested shoots determining the percentage made-tea return (Keegel, 1955). Dry-matter content, hence, influences yield in terms of black tea produced. Although theeffectsof environmental, agronomic and cultural factors on green leaf yield have been studied intensively, little work has been done on the influence of such factors on dry-matter content. The present study examines the effects of nitrogen application rates on dry-matter content in four genetically diverse clonal populations throughout the main production season and during the first period of the Central African off-season.

scholarly journals Model Selection for Nondestructive Quantification of Fruit Growth in Pepper

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maaike Wubs ◽  
Yun T. Ma ◽  
Ep Heuvelink ◽  
Lia Hemerik ◽  
Leo F.M. Marcelis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Weight Growth

Quantifying fruit growth can be desirable for several purposes (e.g., prediction of fruit yield and size, or for the use in crop simulation models). The goal of this article was to determine the best sigmoid function to describe fruit growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum) from nondestructive fruit growth measurements. The Richards, Gompertz, logistic, and beta growth functions were tested. Fruit growth of sweet pepper was measured nondestructively in an experiment with three different average daily temperatures (18, 21, and 24 °C) and in an experiment with six cultivars with different fruit sizes (20 to 205 g fresh weight). Measurements of fruit length and fruit diameter or circumference were performed twice per week. From these, fruit volume was estimated. A linear relationship related fruit fresh weight to estimated fruit volume, and a Ricker or polynomial function related fruit dry matter content to fruit age. These relations were used to convert estimated fruit volume into fruit fresh and dry weights. As dry weight increased until harvest, fitting the sigmoid function to the dry weight data was less suitable: it would create uncertainty in the estimated asymptote. Therefore, the sigmoid functions were fitted to fresh weight growth of the fruit. The Richards function was the best function in each data set, closely followed by the Gompertz function. The fruit dry weight growth is obtained by multiplication of the sigmoid function and the function relating fruit dry matter content to fruit age.

scholarly journals The Hormonal Seed Priming in Relation to Carrot Germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Filza Ghafoor ◽  
Sana Liaqat ◽  
Waseem Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Seedling Length

Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment used to reduce stress effects in crops .This technique has been used to increase the germination rate of seeds mainly under unfavorable environmental condition. Crop productivity faces many problems like that unavailability of suitable condition that causes unbalanced seedling growth and poor germination. Hormones are essential to improve plant growth, development, crop yield quality and quantity. Auxin is essential hormones that improves germination of seeds and reduce stress effects. Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of seed priming using different concentrations of IAA and IBA on carrot seeds (Daucus carota). In laboratory experiment, three concentrations of IAA and IBA (75 ppm, 50ppm, 25ppm) treated with distilled water with priming duration of 24 hours. Experiment was laid out in CRD with three replications. Data was collected to investigate the effect of seed priming with IAA and IBA under these condition like that (fresh weight, dry weight, speed of germination, root length, seed length, seedling length, final germination rate, mean germination time and dry matter content). Maximum fresh weight, final germination percentage, seedling length, energy of germination, speed of germination and mean germination rate was recorded IBA 75ppm. Maximum dry weight and dry matter content was observed IBA 25ppm.Maximum shoot length was recorded IBA 50ppm. Non-significant difference was recorded in root length.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Components of Some Turmeric Varieties (Curcuma Longa L.) As Affected by Inorganic Fertilizer Levels in Umudike, South-Eastern, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Akpan A U ◽  
Orji K O ◽  
Uhala S C
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cropping Seasons

A research on growth and yield components of some turmeric varieties (Curcuma longa L.) as affected by inorganic fertilizer levels in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria was carried out at the teaching and research farm of the University, during 2018/2019 cropping seasons. It was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Results, showed that plant height and number of tillers for both varieties and fertilizers levels increased at 2, 4, and 6 months after planting (MAP) during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Variety 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) Kg-1 produced tallest plants and highest number of tillers over other varieties and fertilizer levels. Crop growth rate was positive at 2 – 4 MAP and negative at 4 – 6 MAP, with 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) kgha-1 producing higher growth rate. Heaviest rhizomes fresh weight (kg plot-1) of 3.74 and 3.75, rhizome dry matter content of 14.49 and 16.8%, rhizome dry weight of 23.57 and 23.90g and harvest index of 2.60 and 2.70% was yielded by UMT 021 variety over other varieties. The level of 400 NPK (15:15:15) kg ha-1 produced heaviest rhizome fresh weight of 4.47 and 4.57 kg plot-1; rhizome dry matter content of 19.42 and 25.8%; rhizome dry weight of 27.54 and 27.8g and harvest index of 2.81 and 3.20%, over other levels. Consequently, variety 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) kgha-1 are recommended for sole production of turmeric in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria.

scholarly journals Optimization of centrifugal separation of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomo Tupasela ◽  
Petri Koskela ◽  
Eero Pahkala ◽  
Veikko Kankare
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Whey proteins, which are mainly composed of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and α-lactalbumin (α-la), account for about 20% of the proteins of bovine milk. In this study we investigated the effect of pH, dry matter content, concentration factor, heat treatment and centrifugation on the separation of α-la from β-lg using clarified whey as raw material, α-La precipitation was highest, 23.3%, when the dry matter content ranged from 5.8% to 25.7%. The optimum pH of α-la precipitation depended on the dry matter content. The separation efficiency increased when the concentration factor and heat treatment time at 55°C increased. A longer centrifugation time and higher separation speed did not have a marked effect on the separation efficiency. Separation was more efficient with a higher centrifugation speed at concentration levels 30 X and 60 X. The separation efficiency did not improve when the temperature was raised from 55°C to 65°C but it was better at a concentration level 120 X than at 60 X and 30 X, and also at concentration level 60 X than with 30 X.

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation on some growth parameters of cup plant and dehydrogenase activity in soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Figas ◽  
Anetta Siwik-Ziomek ◽  
Roman Rolbiecki
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Irrigation Control

Abstract Effect of irrigation on some growth parameters of cup plant and dehydrogenase activity in soil. A field experiment carried out in two vegetation seasons in the years 2012 and 2013 on very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński, in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz (Poland). Investigation of the influence of drip irrigation on some growth parameters of three- and four-year-old cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) and on the activity of dehydrogenase participating at cycling in soil was examined. The cup plants were cultivated from the micropropagation seedlings. Experiments were performed as one factorial in four replications. The factor of the experiment was the following variants: O - without irrigation (control plots), D - with drip irrigation. Drip irrigation was scheduled according to tensiometers indications. Irrigation significantly increase the height of the plants, the length of internode, the thickness of the stalk, the fresh weight of the shoots, and the number of the leaves and flowers. Irrigation also increased the transpiration leaf area and the dry matter content. In the soil sampled under cup plant in 2012 there was found a greater activity of dehydrogenases in soil derived from non-irrigated objects.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth, photosynthetic activity and water use efficiency of leek (Allium porrum L. ‘Gigante Suizo’)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Jezdinský ◽  
Kristína Petříková ◽  
Katalin Slezák ◽  
Robert Pokluda
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

During the experiments it was examined two irrigation levels: 1. optimal water supply – the irrigation activation by available water capacity (AWC) < 65 %; 2. drought stress – irrigation activation by AWC < 45 %) and inoculation of plants by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusGlomusin leek culture. The effect of treatments on the photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), biomass production (weight, dry matter content of different plant part), size of pseudostem, leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA) was observed. The drought stress had effect on all observed parameters: it decreased the photosynthetic and transpiration rate (A: from 5.04–5.37 to 3.33–3.43 µmol CO2.m−2. s−1, E: from 1.78–1.91 to 0.99–1.03 mmol H2O. m−2. s−1in the average of 5 measuring date), the weight total fresh weight of plants: from 355–453 g to 152–255 g), and the leaf area, the length and diameter of pseudostem, too. The WUE, the dry matter content and the thickness of leaves increased under stress. In the most parameters, the water supply had stronger effect than the inoculation. The inoculation had positive effect mainly under drought stress: it improved the WUE at 3 measuring time (from 3.45 to 3.50 μmol CO2.mmol H2O−1, in the average of 5 measuring date), increased the weight (total fresh weight of plants: from 152 g to 255 g) and the leaf area (from 0.16 to 0.12 m2).

scholarly journals Top-dressing of paprika transplants in trays with fertilizers of phosphorus- and nitrogen surplus

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Slezák ◽  
N. Kappel ◽  
K. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Surplus ◽  
Made In

By our experiments, we wished to answer the question: may top-dressing with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, respectively, improve the quality of transplants grown in trays on a substrate enriched by 2 kg/m3 of retarded fertilizers? The experiments started in spring and autumn 2002, in a large volume plastic house. The seedlings were grown in trays. Seed was sown directly into KITE trays of 187 cells (28 cm3 volume per cell, 779 seedlings per square meter). The trays were filled by "loose filling" (without packing) with the following soil mixture: 50% Baltic highmoor peat, 50% 'Nitrite lowmoor peat, 1,5 kg/m3 feed chalk, 2 kg/m3 slow acting chemical fertilizer of phosphorus overweight, 2 kg/m3 superphosphate. The test plant was the vegetable paprika variety `Tizenegyes'. The trials were made in order to clear up if top-dressing done once or twice improves the quality of the seedlings. For this purpose, perfectly soluble fertilizers of phosphorus or nitrogen surplus were used. 3 I fertilizer solution of 0.2% concentration was given per square meter on every single occasion. The control plots received no top-dressing. The following parameters were registered: stem diameter, plant height, fresh weight of the top, dry matter content of the top, fresh weight of the root system per plant, dry matter content of the roots. The experimental results with top-dressing have clearly proved the insufficiency of mixing 2 kg/m3 of retarded fertilizer into the substrate, as usual in raising paprika seedlings in trays, because of the long period of transplant raising. According to our experiments the additional nitrogen fertilization influences positively the development of green parts of plants, while the multiple application of fertilizers with higher phosphorus-content helps to develop a strong root system. We suppose, that the more often applied additional fertilizers, maybe the combination of fertilizers with nitrogen and phosphorus amount could give use even better results.

scholarly journals KUALITAS KIMIA DAN KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL TANAMAN ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) DENGAN LAMA PENYINARAN DAN DOSIS DOLOMIT YANG BERBEDA PADA TANAH REGOSOL

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermanto Hermanto ◽  
Bambang Suwignyo Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Nafiatul Nafiatul
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight

This study aimed to analyze the quality of chemical and chlorophyll content of alfalfa plants with lenght of irradiation and dose of dolomite on the regosol soil. The experiment was conducted implemented in Greenhouse Laboratory Forage and Pasture Faculty of Animal Sciences University of Gadjah Mada, from May to September 2015. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 3 x 3 factorial design with two factors treatments and four replications. The first factor is the dose of dolomite (D) with 3 treatment (D0 = without dolomite, D1 = dolomite 6 t/hectare or 90 g/polybag and D2= dolomite 12 t/hectare or 180 g/polybag). The second factor is the length of irradiation (C) with 3 treatments (C0 = irradiating 12 hours, C1 = irradiating 14 hours and C2 = irradiating 16 hours). Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and significant results continued with Duncan test at 5% level.Parameters measured were the proximate analysis (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash) and alfalfa chlorophyll content. The results showed that there was no significant interaction effect between lenght of irradiation and dose of dolomite treatment to the dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and alfalfa chlorophyll content. The treatment lenght of irradiation are significant (P<0,05) of the organic matter content and ash content of alfalfa. Dose of dolomite treatment was not significant on all parameters of the study. The results showed that the treatment and dosage of radiation are dolomite not significant on the production of plant fresh weight, dry weight of plants, dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and content alfalfa chlorophyll. No interaction between treatment and dosage of radiation are dolomite which significantly affect production plant fresh weight, dry weight of plants, dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and alfalfa chlorophyll content. (Keywords: Alfalfa, lenght of irradiation, dolomite,  regosol soil)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document