scholarly journals Effects of Biochar and Synthetic Polymer on the Hydro-Physical Properties of Sandy Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arafat Alkhasha ◽  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
Anwar Aly
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Percentage Decrease

Synthetic polymers, such as polyacrylamide (PAM), and biochar are generally used as soil amendments to improve soil properties. This paper explores a laboratory column experiment conducted to investigate the effects of biochar (pyrolysis at 400–450 °C) and polymers, with different application rates, on the hydro-physical properties of sandy soil. The experiment evaluated four rates each of biochar (0.0% (C), 2% (B1), 4% (B2), 6% (B3) and 8% (B4)) and polymers (0.0% (C), 0.2% (P1), 0.4% (P2), 0.6% (P3), and 0.8%(P4)), as well as a mixture of them. The infiltration rate decreased significantly when a mixture of biochar and polymers was adopted. B1 showed a decrease of 32.73% while a mixture of 8% (B4) and (0.8%) P4 exhibited a decrease of 57.31%. The polymers increased the infiltration rate at low concentrations (P1 and P2) and reduced it at high concentrations (P3 and P4). The cumulative evaporation decreased significantly for most treatments. B1 recorded the highest decrease in cumulative evaporation with a percentage decrease of 31.9%. The highest decrease in hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was for B1. However, the mixture of B4 and P4 resulted in the highest increase in soil moisture content at field capacity compared to the control and other treatments. P4 and the mixture of B2 and P2 showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in the percentage of stable aggregate (SA) in fraction size (0.25–0.125 mm). Although the mixture of B4 and P4 had the highest increase in soil moisture content, this study recommends using the B1 treatment on sandy soil in arid environments due to its strong hydro-physical properties and affordability.

scholarly journals Impacts of Olive Waste-Derived Biochar on Hydro-Physical Properties of Sandy Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5493
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz G. Alghamdi ◽  
Bandar H. Aljohani ◽  
Anwar A. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this study, waste olive leaves and branches were pyrolyzed to produced biochar, and their impacts on physical and chemical properties of a sandy soil were evaluated. Pyrolytic temperatures of 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C were used for biochar production. After evaluating the physio-chemical properties, the produced biochars were added to the top 10 cm layer of the soil at rates of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% in a column experiment at 25 °C. Biochar was mixed with a sandy soil into the top 10 cm of the columns. For all treatments, cumulative evaporation was reduced; however, treatments with 5% biochar prepared at the highest temperatures showed the highest impact. The available water contents were increased by 153.33% and 151.11% when olive branch-derived biochar and olive leaves-derived biochars produced at 500 °C were applied at 5% rate, respectively. No impact of available water was observed for 1% biochar contribution. Biochar application decreased both cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate. Biochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C most intensely improved hydro-physical properties of a sandy soil. However, its application as a soil supplement in arid environments should be adopted with constraints due to its high pH (9.69 and 9.29 for biochar pyrolyzed at the highest temperatures) and salinity (up to electrical conductivity = 5.07 dS m−1). However, the salinity of biochar prepared from olive branches (5%, pyrolyzed at 500 °C) was low (0.79 dS m−1); therefore, it can be used safely as a supplement in saline and acidic soils, but with restriction in alkaline soils.

Water-Fertilizer Coupling Effects and Efficient Utilization under Peanut-Millet Interplanting Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Liang Shan Feng ◽  
Zhan Xiang Sun ◽  
Jia Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Factor Interactions ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In this study, the results showed that water is the most important factor to affect crop yields and optimum soil moisture is lower under the conditions of peanut-and-millet interplanting. Thus, peanut-and-millet interplanting is generally able to fit most of the semi-arid region. In the interaction of various factors, the coupling effect of water and phosphorus was stronger than the coupling effect of fertilizers, following by the coupling effect of water and nitrogen. Among peanuts factors of water, nitrogen, and multi-factorial interaction of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus, water and nitrogen showed a negative effect, whereas the two-factor interactions had a positive effect. There were some differences between peanut and millet in the need for water and fertilizer, in which peanut required more nitrogen and millet needed slightly higher soil moisture and phosphorus. When other factors were in rich level, both of the optimal value for single factors of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus and the optimal value for two-factor interactions of water-nitrogen, water-phosphorus, and nitrogen-phosphorus, were higher than the optimal value for the interaction of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The tiny demand difference on moisture in peanut-millet interplanting could be compromised by configuring a reasonable interplanting population structure and the corresponding demand difference on fertilizer could be resolved by uneven crop planting strips. Under the condition of water-nitrogen-phosphorus interaction, the soil moisture content optimal for peanut accounted for 57.3% of the field capacity, and the related appropriate application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 0.98 g/pot (81.18 kg/hm2) and 0.39g/pot (32.18 kg/hm2), respectively. Likewise, the soil moisture content optimal for millet was 59.1% of the field capacity, and the counterpart appropriate application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 0.57 g/pot (47.03 kg/hm2) and 0.45g / pot (37.13 kg/hm2), respectively.

TIME OF SAMPLING AFTER AN IRRIGATION TO DETERMINE FIELD CAPACITY OF SOIL

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation

Drainage curves following irrigation were determined at six depths in eight soils having unrestricted drainage but varying widely in soil texture. The field capacities were determined under relatively high rates of evapotranspiration. The time after irrigation that it was necessary to wait before sampling the soil, to determine field capacity, was also determined. A high positive correlation was obtained between the log of field capacity in inches and the log of time after irrigation at which to sample the soil. The time varied from about 0.5 day with 1.5 in. field capacity to 4.0 days with 35 in. From the curves of soil moisture content versus time, the errors caused by sampling too soon or too late were determined. The percentage error (i.e. percent of field capacity) increased with an increase in the error in time of sampling; it decreased with an increase in field capacity in inches; and it was greater when sampling was too soon than when it was too late.

scholarly journals Study on Variation of Surface Runoff and Soil Moisture Content in the Subgrade of Permeable Pavement Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lijun Hou ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Fengchun Shen ◽  
Ming Lei ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Flood Peak

The self-designed indoor simulated rainfall device was used to rain on five types of pavement structures with 4 types of rainfall intensity (2.5 mm/min, 3.4 mm/min, 4.6 mm/min, and 5.5 mm/min). The effect of rainfall intensity on the surface runoff, the relation between the subgrade soil moisture content changes, and the influence of initial soil water content on rain infiltration rate are studied. The test results show that the surface runoff coefficient of densely asphalted pavement is greater than 90% in drainage pavements and it has little influence on the reducing and hysteresis of the flood peak. The surface runoff coefficient of large-void asphalt pavement (permeable) is less than 40%. Although the large-void asphalt pavement (permeable) can reduce a small amount of surface runoff, it has no obvious effect on the reduction and hysteresis of the flood peak. In semipermeable pavement, with the increasing of the thickness of base (graded gravel), the surface runoff coefficient decreases at different rainfall intensities, parts of the surface runoff are reduced, and the arrival of flood peaks is delayed. In permeable roads, almost no surface runoff occurred. As time continued, the soil moisture content quickly reached a saturated state and presented a stable infiltration situation under the action of gravity and the gradient of soil water suction. As the initial moisture content increases, the initial infiltration rate decreases and the time to reach a stable infiltration rate becomes shorter. The drier the soil, the greater the initial infiltration rate and the higher the soil moisture content after infiltration stabilization. Permeable roads can greatly alleviate the pressure of urban drainage and reduce the risk of storms and floods.

scholarly journals Root Regeneration of Fall-Lifted White Spruce Nursery Stock in Relation to Soil Moisture Content

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Day ◽  
G. R. MacGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Nursery Stock

The root regenerating potential of fall-lifted 2+0 white spruce nursery stock is described after transplanting into soil-maintained at 8, 10 and 15% soil moisture content (SMC) in glass fronted root boxes. At 15% SMC (0.1 bar soil moisture tension), which is close to field capacity, root regeneration began 10 days after transplanting and root elongation continued at a high rate for the remainder of a 40-day study period. At 10% SMC (0.6 bar SMT) root regeneration was delayed until 20 days after transplanting and root elongation was at a slower rate. At 8% SMC (1.5 bars) root regeneration and elongation was negligible. Plant moisture stress measured at 40 days was least when root regeneration was most and vice versa. The results suggest that field planting of white spruce in soils with moisture tensions of over 0.6 bar will be hazardous.

EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN ON A NATURAL PASTURE SWARD

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
W. N. BLACK
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Grazing Period

Irrigation and nitrogen (N) requirements of a natural pasture sward were studied on a Charlottetown sandy loam soil over a 5-yr period. The soil moisture content at the 0-to 15- and 15- to 30-cm depths was determined at from 7- to 10-day intervals, while irrometer soil moisture readings at 15-, 30-, and 45-cm depths were recorded more frequently during the grazing seasons. Soil moisture content in irrigated plots averaged 92 and 94% of field capacity, respectively, at 0- to 15- and 15- to 30-cm sampling depths. In non-irrigated plots, corresponding values were 77 and 82%. N treatments resulted in significant dry matter (DM) increases over untreated plots. Yield differences among plots receiving 56, 84, and 112 kg of N/ha in mid-June and again in mid-August were not significant. Early spring and September applications of N at 56 kg/ha, combined with mid-June and early August supplements of N at 84 kg/ha were superior to all other treatments in prolonging the grazing period. Neither irrigation nor N affected the characteristic yield decline of naturally occurring forage species in mid- and late-season. Mean DM production for the 5-yr period, and for years, showed no significant N treatment × moisture level interaction. While irrigation failed to increase yields significantly, livestock preferred to graze the irrigated plots. As a result of less competition from grasses, volunteer white clover became better established, and constituted a larger percentage of the sward than on non-irrigated plots.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOIL MOISTURE TENSIONS ON FLAX AND CEREALS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Bourget ◽  
B. J. Finn ◽  
B. K. Dow
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Field Capacity

Young seedlings of flax and cereals, grown in a greenhouse, were subjected to 0, 12.5, and 25.0 cm of soil moisture tension for periods of 7, 14, and 21 days The grain, straw, and root yields of all plant species, except barky, increased with increasing soil moisture content was maintained near field capacity during the growth of plants. The yields of oats, winter wheat, and fall rye decreased with increasing duration of flooding, whereas those of barley, flax and spring wheat were variable. Correlation coefficients between yields of tops and roots were positive.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KETERSEDIAAN AIR TANAH DAN SIFAT-SIFAT DASAR FISIKA TANAH

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Enny Dwi Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Wilting Point

This research was conducted to study relationship between soil moisture content and soil physical characteristics that affected the moisture.The soil samples were collected from 22 scattered sites of West Java and Central Java. Analysis of soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and soil moisture retention) and soil chemical property (organic matter) was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Analysis of simple linier regression was applied to know the correlation between soil moisture content and other basic soil physical properties.Availability of soil moisture (pF 4.20 – pF 2.54) significantly correlated with organic matter, total porosity, and micro pores. The higher organic matter content as well as total porosity and micro pores the higher available soil moisture. Soil moisture of field capacity significantly correlated with clay content, sand content, micro and macro pores. The higher clay content and micro pores the higher soil moisture of field capacity. In the contrary, the higher macro pores and sand content the lower the field capacity. Soil moisture of wilting point significantly correlated with clay content and macro pores. The higher clay content the higher the wilting point, while the higher macro pores the lower soil moisture of wilting point. Keywords : Available soil water, field capacity, organic matter, soil pores, wilting point

scholarly journals Effect of amount and time of incorporation of forest litter on soil physical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Paardensha Ivy Chinir ◽  
Manoj Dutta ◽  
Rizongba Kichu ◽  
Sewak Ram
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Holding

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of forest litter and its time of incorporation on soil physical properties. The study showed that plots with forest litter incorporated at 45 DBS (Days Before Sowing) had significantly higher soil moisture content as compared to those incorporated at 30 DBS after 30 and 60 DAS. However, the difference in the time of incorporation had no significant effect on soil moisture content at 90 DAS. At 30 DAS, application of forest litter @ 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the soil moisture content at a rate of 4.11 and 11.42 per cent, respectively over control. At 60 DAS, application of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the soil moisture content at the rate of 15.05, 17.26 and 25.65 per cent, respectively over control. At 90 DAS, a trend was noticed which showed that soil moisture content significantly increased at a progressive rate with each increase in the dose of forest litter application. At 90 DAS, the addition of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1and 9 t ha-1 increased the soil moisture content @ 10.16, 17.84 and 22.20 per cent, respectively over control. The plots with forest litter incorporated at 45 DBS had significantly higher hydraulic conductivity, per cent aggregates and mean weight diameter as compared to those incorporated at 30 DBS. However, the difference in the time of incorporation i.e., at 30 and 45 DBS had no significant effect on bulk density, particle density and water holding capacity. Incorporation of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly decreased the bulk density at the rate of 3.67, 8.65 and 14.14 per cent; while particle density increased at the rate of 2.59, 3.42 and 6.61 per cent, respectively when compared to control. The addition of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 resulted in a significant increase in water holding capacity and hydraulic conductivity at a rate of 3.72, 4.65 and 6.77 per cent and 24.13, 32.30 and 41.73 per cent, respectively over control. Further, the application of forest litter @ 3t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the per cent aggregate and mean weight diameter of the soil @ 1.77, 3.49 and 6.58 per cent 17.31, 26.28 and 41.35 per cent, respectively over control. The study revealed that incorporating 9 t ha-1 of forest litter at 45 DBS had the most beneficial effect on soil physical properties.

scholarly journals Characterization of Biochars and Their Application Rates on Soil Moisture Retention in Light Textured Soil of Assam

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
K. Deka ◽  
P. P. Hazarika ◽  
B. K. Medhi ◽  
Rupjyoti Borah ◽  
G. G. Kandali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
The One

“Biochar” is a relatively new term, yet it is not a new substance. Biochar, product of thermal decomposition or incomplete combustion of biomass or bio-wastes under limited oxygen supply, are fine-grained highly porous charcoal substances that are distinguished from other charcoals in its intended use as soil amendments. The state of Assam produces surplus quantities of biowastes and leaves behind bulk quantity of wastes soon after harvest of the main crop(s) remain unutilized annually and these farm wastes have the potential of further reutilization through production of biochar, which may effectively be used in sustainable production system. Characterization of biochar with respect to physico-chemical properties determines the suitability of biochar to conserve soil moisture, which is again regulated by kind and source of feed stock materials. Keeping these aspects in view, a study on characterization of biochars prepared from four different feed stocks, namely rice straw, rice husk, toria stover, and bamboo leaves was conducted at Assam Agricultural University during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to validate its efficiency to conserve soil moisture for longer time. After determining the physicochemical properties of the four biochars, a set of pot culture experiment in poly house taking toria as test crop was conducted with four biochars. Four hundred gram of soil (preferably light textured) in 500 g capacity of plastic pot replicated thrice was designed statistically (factorial CRD) with four doses of biochars (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% wt/wt). Initially, a moisture level at field capacity was maintained and periodical volumetric soil moisture content (upto 70 days) was monitored to evaluate their efficiency. Gravimetric soil moisture content decreased significantly with the progress in days of experimentation irrespective of types of biochar used. However, increase in biochar doses increased the soil moisture content significantly over the one where no biochar was applied. Highest efficiency to conserve soil moisture over the days of study period was due to the application of bamboo leaves biochar.

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