scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Commercial Delivery Trucks: Diesel, Plug-In Electric, and Battery-Swap Electric

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Caixia Hao ◽  
Yina Chai
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Total Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Diesel Trucks

The development of electric delivery trucks has attracted much attention in recent years. The purpose of this study is to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the total cost of ownership (TCO) of light-duty and medium-duty diesel trucks (DTs), plug-in electric trucks (ETs), and battery-swap ETs. A simplified life cycle assessment (LCA) method and a TCO assessment method are used. Numerical results show that the average GHG emission of light-duty ETs is 69% lower than that of light-duty DTs, while that of medium-duty ETs is 9.8% higher than that of medium-duty DTs. As regards TCO, those of plug-in ETs and battery-swap ETs are 37.8% lower and 21% higher than that of light-duty DTs, while for medium-duty trucks, the TCO of plug-in and battery-swap ETs are 6.7% lower and 18.9% higher than that of medium-duty DTs. The main conclusion of this paper is that light-duty plug-in ETs exhibit the best performance in terms of cost saving and GHG emission reduction. Moreover, ETs show more advantages than DTs when the frequency of use is higher or when the driving environment is more congested.

scholarly journals Environmental Performance Measures to Assess Building Refurbishment from a Life Cycle Perspective

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Nydahl ◽  
Staffan Andersson ◽  
Anders Åstrand ◽  
Thomas Olofsson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Building Refurbishment ◽  
Operational Energy

Energy efficiency investments in existing buildings are an effective way of reducing the environmental impact of the building stock. Even though policies in the European Union and elsewhere promote a unilateral focus on operational energy reduction, scientific studies highlight the importance of applying a life cycle perspective to energy refurbishment. However, life cycle assessment is often perceived as being complicated and the results difficult to interpret by the construction sector. There is also a lack of guidelines regarding the sustainable ratio between the embodied and accumulated operational impact. The scope of this study is to introduce a life cycle assessment method for building refurbishment that utilizes familiar economic performance tools, namely return on investment and annual yield. The aim is to use the introduced method to analyze a case building with a sustainability profile. The building was refurbished in order to reduce its operational energy use. The introduced method is compatible with a theory of minimum sustainable environmental performance that may be developed through backcasting from defined energy and GHG emissions objectives. The proposed approach will hopefully allow development of sustainable refurbishment objectives that can support the choice of refurbishment investments.

Using a life cycle assessment method to determine the environmental impacts of manure utilisation: biogas plant and composting systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hishinuma ◽  
H. Kurishima ◽  
C. Yang ◽  
Y. Genchi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Composting Systems

The aim of this study was to use life cycle assessment methods to determine the environmental impacts of manure utilisation by a biogas plant and by a typical manure composting system. The functional unit was defined as the average annual manure utilisation on a dairy farm with 100 cows. The environmental impact categories chosen were emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and acidification gases (AG). The GHG emissions were estimated as: 345.9 t CO2-equivalents (e) for solid composting (case 1), 625.4 t CO2-e for solid and liquid composting (case 2), and 86.3–90.1 t CO2-e for the biogas plant system. The AG emissions were estimated as: 10.1 t SO2-e for case 1, 18.4 t SO2-e for case 2, and 13.1–24.2 t SO2-e for the biogas plant system. These results show that a biogas plant system produces low GHG emissions, but comparatively high AG emissions with land application. It is suggested that land application using band spread or shallow injection attachments will decrease AG emissions (NH3) from biogas plant systems.

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint Study of Tesla Model 3

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Gensheng Gui
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
High Power ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Unit Distance ◽  
High Power Consumption ◽  
Assessment Standard

With the application of life cycle assessment method, according to the life cycle assessment standard, the Tesla Model 3 life cycle GHG emissions are accounted applying the CALCM and GREET in this paper obtaining the following conclusions: firstly, the GHG emissions value per unit distance of Tesla Model 3 is 376gCO2e/km, 17% higher than the average GHG emissions of B class ICEV in China, attributing mainly to the high power consumption during driving.

scholarly journals Quantification of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Wood-Plastic Recycled Composite (WPRC) and Verification of the Effect of Reducing Emissions through Multiple Recycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2449
Author(s):  
Yuki Fuchigami ◽  
Keisuke Kojiro ◽  
Yuzo Furuta
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Japanese Industrial Standard ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Multiple Recycling ◽  
Recycled Material

Wood-plastic recycled composite (WPRC) is a building material that uses certain amounts of recycled wood and/or plastic materials contained in wood-plastic composites. They are characterized by multiple recycling processes in which products that become post-consumer materials are technically able to be recycled to produce WPRC products. However, there is no research case that quantifies the effect of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the feature of multiple recycling. In this study, we quantified GHG emissions during the life cycle of WPRC that was manufactured by companies certified to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5741, using the life cycle assessment method. The following conclusions were revealed in this study. (1) The GHG emission of the targeted WPRC was 3489 kg-CO2e/t, and the emission rates from the WPRC production process and the combustion of WPRC waste were found to be particularly high. (2) It was found that setting the recycled material rate of plastic materials to 100% would reduce GHG emissions by 28% (1316 kg-CO2e/t) compared to when the recycled material rate was 0%. (3) It was also found that GHG emissions can be reduced by up to about 28% by multiple recycling of WPRC. It can be said that this study set a benchmark of GHG emissions for WPRC produced in Japan.

scholarly journals Life cycle analysis of raw milk production in Tunisia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Amira Ghazouani ◽  
Naceur Mhamdi ◽  
Ibrahim-El-Akram Znaidi ◽  
Cyrine Darej ◽  
Norchene Guoiaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Ghg Emission

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of dairy production. A survey was conducted in 20 dairy farms at the governorate of Sousse. The present study aimed to evaluate environmental impact of milk production at the farm regarding GHG emission and energy consumption. In the 20 dairy farms total GHG emissions resulted in a mean of 0.63 +/- 0.2 kg CH4/kg ECM and forage can contribute with a means 0.35 Le kg CO2eq/DM. The main reductions in GHG emissions per kg of FPCM started from 2,347 kg per cow per year and then the reduction slowed down to stabilize at around 6,127 kg FPCM per cow per year.

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Analysis of a Developed Prefabricated Footing System on Reactive Soil Foundation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7515
Author(s):  
Bertrand Teodosio ◽  
Francesco Bonacci ◽  
Seongwon Seo ◽  
Kasun Shanaka Kristombu Baduge ◽  
Priyan Mendis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
The Cost

The need for advancements in residential construction and the hazard induced by the shrink–swell reactive soil movement prompted the development of the prefabricated footing system of this study, which was assessed and compared to a conventional waffle raft using a multi-criteria analysis. The assessment evaluates the structural performance, cost efficiency, and sustainability using finite element modelling, life cycle cost analysis, and life cycle assessment, respectively. The structural performance of the developed prefabricated system was found to have reduced the deformation and cracking by approximately 40%. However, the cost, GHG emission, and embodied energy were higher in the prefabricated footing system due to the greater required amount of concrete and steel than that of the waffle raft. The cost difference between the two systems can be reduced to as low as 6% when prefabricated systems were installed in a highly reactive sites with large floor areas. The life cycle assessment further observed that the prefabricated footing systems consume up to 21% more energy and up to 18% more GHG emissions. These can significantly be compensated by reusing the developed prefabricated footing system, decreasing the GHG emission and energy consumption by 75–77% and 55–59% with respect to that of the waffle raft.

Incorporating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Freight Transportation Infrastructure Project Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumith Kumar Oduru ◽  
Pasi Lautala
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Simplified Lca ◽  
Modal Route

Transportation industry at large is a major consumer of fossil fuels and contributes heavily to the global greenhouse gas emissions. A significant portion of these emissions come from freight transportation and decisions on mode/route may affect the overall scale of emissions from a specific movement. It is common to consider several alternatives for a new freight activity and compare the alternatives from economic perspective. However, there is a growing emphasis for adding emissions to this evaluation process. One of the approaches to do this is through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); a method for estimating the emissions, energy consumption and environmental impacts of the project throughout its life cycle. Since modal/route selections are often investigated early in the planning stage of the project, availability of data and resources for analysis may become a challenge for completing a detailed LCA on alternatives. This research builds on such detailed LCA comparison performed on a previous case study by Kalluri et al. (2016), but it also investigates whether a simplified LCA process that only includes emissions from operations phase could be used as a less resource intensive option for the analysis while still providing relevant outcomes. The detailed LCA is performed using SimaPro software and simplified LCA is performed using GREET 2016 model. The results are obtained in terms of Kg CO2 equivalents of GHG emissions. This paper introduces both detailed and simplified methodologies and applies them to a case study of a nickel and copper mine in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The analysis’ are done for three modal alternatives (two truck routes and one rail route) and for multiple mine lives.

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