scholarly journals Migrants’ Integration on the European Labor Market: A Spatial Bootstrap, SEM and Network Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicu Marcu ◽  
Marian Siminică ◽  
Graţiela Georgiana Noja ◽  
Mirela Cristea ◽  
Carmen Elena Dobrotă
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Foreign Population ◽  
Additional Support

This study is set out to identify feasible ways for immigrants’ integration into the major ten host countries within the European Union (EU-10) and increased labor market performance. Eurostat, OECD, and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) official data was mainly used to capture essential international migration indicators (for both dimensions—economic and humanitarian), along with education, socio-economic development and labor market credentials, as key variables for immigrants’ integration into EU-10, compiled for 2000–2017. In this respect, spatial analyses, bootstrap estimations, structural equations (SEM), and Gaussian graphical models (GGM) are applied, to better grasp migrants’ labor market outcomes. Significant positive consequences reflected through a reduction in the unemployment rate of the foreign population are generated by active labor market policies, jointly with an enhancement in the attainment for secondary education, and welfare advances. The opposite, a rise in income inequalities has negative effects, while additional support for R&D activities deployed within the business sector is required to entail migrants’ labor market performance. The passive policies need to be redesigned and tailored to significantly downsize the foreign unemployment, since these are currently acting like a disincentive for an active participation of migrants on the European labor market, thus confining their integration.

scholarly journals Coordinated Markets, School-to-Work Linkages, and Labor Market Outcomes in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Albert DiPrete ◽  
Joanna Chae
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
School To Work ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Skill Formation ◽  
The Impact

A large literature in both sociology and political science has theorized about the importance of skill formation systems for macroeconomic performance, for the transition from school to work, and for labor market outcomes. However, consensus on how countries fit into these theoretical groupings has been difficult, and empirical evidence that these groupings matter has been elusive. Focusing on labor market outcomes across twenty-one European countries, this paper demonstrates that the strength of linkage between specific educational outcomes and occupational destinations is an important source of these institutional effects. Stronger linkage is generally associated with higher relative earnings and greater chances of employment, though heterogeneity exists both across age and gender groupings and across educational levels. Country-level structure matters because it is related to the local linkage strength of pathways, even as there is considerable heterogeneity within countries in the coherence of pathways from educational outcomes to occupations. Pathway effects clearly matter, particularly in how they shape the consequences of working in an occupation that is well matched to one's educational level and field of study. The strongest evidence for macro-structural effects concerns the impact of macro-structure on the earnings gap between well-matched and not-well matched workers with non-tertiary and with upper tertiary education. The findings suggest that policies to improve labor market outcomes do not require wholesale transformations of a country's skill formation system, but instead can focus on improving pathway coherence one pathway at a time.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development, Poverty, and Risk of Exclusion for Young People in the European Union: The Case of NEETs

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santos Ruesga-Benito ◽  
Fernando González-Laxe ◽  
Xose Picatoste
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

The difficulties of access to the labor market remains in the post-crisis period, particularly for younger people and for those countries more affected by the crisis. The economic conditions with the precariousness of the labor market and higher unemployment taxes for youth, draws a scenario where the risk of poverty and social exclusion could influence young people and discourage them from social and economic participation, and thus the number of young people not in employment, education, or training (NEETs) will increase. The sustainable development in general and the social sustainability in particular needs to solve this important issue to get a balanced and fair social and economic scenario. In this work, the influence of socio economic variables related to the level of prosperity of the country and social protection as well as the risk of poverty and social exclusion on young NEETs is evaluated based on the EUROSTAT data for the year, 2016, for young people. The method was a structural equations model and the results confirm that the key important factors for explaining the situation of the NEETs’ are more related to poverty and exclusion than to the economic environment. The main conclusion from these results is the importance of implementing some inclusive actions to prevent an increase in the number of young NEETs, and boosting, in this way, a more balanced and sustainable society.

scholarly journals Intra-EU Mobility: The Employment and Welfare Experience of Temporary EU Workers in the United Kingdom

Two Homelands ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonila Danaj ◽  
Erka Çaro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

This article explores the mobility pathways of temporary EU workers and the implications that transnational temporary mobility has on their labor market outcomes and access to social rights and benefits. The experiences of temporary EU migrants working in the UK show that despite the narrative of the borderlessness of the common European labor market, access to host countries’ labor market and welfare is shaped by their employment status and welfare eligibility criteria that produce worker precariousness. Temporary EU workers’ experiences are characterized by employment insecurity and unequal access to labor and social rights, effects which might increase since the UK has left the EU.

scholarly journals Immigrant Men’s Economic Adaptation in Changing Labor Markets: Why Gaps between Turkish and German Men Expanded, 1976–2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832110299
Author(s):  
Jonas Wiedner ◽  
Johannes Giesecke
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Educational Expansion ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Labor Market Success

How important were manufacturing and heavy industries to the economic integration of twentieth-century immigrants in Western societies? This article examines how macro-social change in Germany since the height of manufacturing has affected the socio-economic integration of male immigrants. We develop an analytical framework to assess how educational expansion among natives, deindustrialization, and the increasing importance of formal qualifications shape male immigrant-native gaps in labor-market outcomes over time. Empirically, we focus on first-generation male Turkish immigrants in Germany and use micro-census data spanning almost 40 years. Through a novel empirical quantification of key theoretical arguments concerning immigrant economic integration, we find growing inter-group differences between the late 1970s and mid-2000s (employment) and mid-2010s (incomes), respectively. The growth of differences between the immigrant and native income distributions was most pronounced in their respective bottom halves. Our analysis shows that these trends are linked to the increased importance of formal educational qualifications for individual labor-market success, to educational expansion in Germany, and to deindustrialization. Employment in Germany shifted away from middling positions in manufacturing, but while natives tended to move into better-paying positions, Turkish immigrants mainly shifted into disadvantaged service jobs. These results provide novel evidence for claims that the economic assimilation of less-skilled immigrants may become structurally harder in increasingly post-industrial societies. We conclude that structural change in host countries is an important, yet often overlooked, driver of immigrant socio-economic integration trajectories.

Effects of Incarceration on Labor Market Outcomes Among Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Harding ◽  
Anh P. Nguyen ◽  
Jeffrey D. Morenoff ◽  
Shawn D. Bushway
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Critical Life Events ◽  
Life Course Framework ◽  
The Life Course

This chapter examines the effect of imprisonment on labor-market outcomes for young adults. The life-course framework suggests that imprisonment may be particularly consequential for young people making the transition to adulthood. It emphasizes the sequential connections between critical life events and the role of early events in establishing trajectories of advantage or disadvantage over the life course. Drawing on data on young adults sentenced for felonies between 2003 and 2006 in Michigan and leveraging a natural experiment based on the random assignment of judges, this chapter estimates the effect of imprisonment versus probation on various employment outcomes. Imprisonment has substantively large negative effects on employment. Effects are largest 1 year after sentencing, when incapacitation removes most prisoners from the labor market, but persist to the 5-year point. Effects are also larger for whites than nonwhites, reflecting low employment among nonwhites in the comparison group.

scholarly journals EMPLOYMENT AS AN INDICATOR OF IMMIGRANTS INTEGRATION IN A HOST SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Magdaléna Přívarová
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Language Training ◽  
Host Society ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
The Eu

Integration of immigrants into the labor market is an important issue for all host countries. Active participation in the labor market is essential if population of a host country is going to accept the growing number of immigrants. The statistical data shows that in the European Union there are differences in labor market indicators between nationals and foreigners. Such a situation may result in the phenomenon of immigrants being "overqualified", which is the case in the most of the EU countries. Integration policies in the labor market (including the establishment of language training programs and more efficient procedures for assessment and recognition of qualifications acquired abroad) can help with guaranteeing the equality of opportunities for all. In the case of Slovakia specifically, the study shows that the immigrants are in an unfavorable position in the local labor market as compared to nationals and citizens of other EU countries, especially Western ones.

scholarly journals The Impact of Acquiring Unrestricted Work Authorization on Romanian and Bulgarian Migrants in the United Kingdom

ILR Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ruhs ◽  
Jonathan Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact

When Romania and Bulgaria (the so-called A2 countries) joined the European Union in 2007, the United Kingdom imposed temporary restrictions on the employment and welfare entitlements of A2 citizens that lasted until January 1, 2014. This article analyzes the impact of the removal of these restrictions on the labor market outcomes and use of welfare benefits of A2 migrants. Applying difference-in-difference analysis to data from the UK’s Labour Force Survey, the results suggest that acquiring unrestricted work authorization had a significant negative impact on the incidence of self-employment among A2 migrants but there are no discernible effects on other labor market outcomes or on their receipt of a range of welfare benefits. The article offers potential explanations for these results.

Alcohol Abuse, Alcoholism, and Labor Market Outcomes: Looking for the Missing Link

ILR Review ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Renna
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Using Data

There is puzzling evidence that alcohol abuse and alcoholism reduce labor earnings but have no effect on either hours worked or the hourly wage. This study revisits the link between problem drinking and earnings using data from the 1989 and 1994 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Questions about problem drinking were keyed to a table of symptoms for alcohol abuse and alcoholism in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The author finds no effects associated with alcohol abuse. In OLS regressions, alcoholism appears to have had negative effects on both labor market outcomes. In the lag variable and in the first difference regressions, alcoholism's negative effect on wages disappears, but its negative effect on hours of work remains, suggesting that the negative effect of alcoholism on earnings operates through reduced work hours. These results of the two-stage least squares are inconclusive.

How Workers Fared under the ACA

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-887
Author(s):  
Anuj Gangopadhyaya ◽  
Bowen Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
Employer Mandate

Abstract Many politicians, policy makers, and analysts have debated whether the Affordable Care Act (ACA) would have negative effects on the labor market, such as reducing employment, earnings, or hours worked. Building on the existing literature, we investigated how workers' coverage changed under the ACA and whether coverage gains were associated with changes in labor market outcomes across occupations through 2017. We also examined whether occupations experiencing increased coverage through nonemployment sources (i.e., Medicaid or individual plans purchased on the ACA's Marketplaces) also experienced offsetting declines in employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) coverage. Finally, we investigated whether the employer mandate was associated with changes in ESI offers to workers. Among workers in occupations experiencing larger coverage gains under the ACA, we found no evidence that employment, hours worked, or earnings fell relative to workers in occupations that had little change in coverage rates over the same period. Moreover, ESI offers remained stable, even among workers in firms likely subject to the employer mandate. Overall, we found that predictions that the coverage provisions and mandates of the ACA would lead to adverse labor market effects did not materialize.

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