scholarly journals A Needs-Driven, Multi-Objective Approach to Allocate Urban Ecosystem Services from 10,000 Trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Almeter ◽  
Arik Tashie ◽  
Andrew Procter ◽  
Tara McAlexander ◽  
Douglas Browning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Multiple Objectives ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Stormwater Reduction ◽  
The City ◽  
The U.S

Urban areas face challenges including vehicular emissions, stormwater runoff, and sedentary lifestyles. Communities recognize the value of trees in mitigating these challenges by absorbing pollution and enhancing walkability. However, siting trees to optimize multiple benefits requires a systems approach that may cross sectors of management and expertise. We present a spatially-explicit method to optimize tree planting in Durham, NC, a rapidly growing urban area with an aging tree stock. Using GIS data and a ranking approach, we explored where Durham could augment its current stock of willow oaks through its plans to install 10,000 mid-sized deciduous trees. Data included high-resolution landcover metrics developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), demographics from the U.S. Census, an attributed roads dataset licensed to the EPA, and sidewalk information from the City of Durham. Census block groups (CBGs) were ranked for tree planting according to single and multiple objectives including stormwater reduction, emissions buffering, walkability, and protection of vulnerable populations. Prioritizing tree planting based on single objectives led to four sets of locations with limited geographic overlap. Prioritizing tree planting based on multiple objectives tended to favor historically disadvantaged CBGs. The four-objective strategy met the largest proportion of estimated regional need. Based on this analysis, the City of Durham has implemented a seven-year plan to plant 10,000 trees in priority neighborhoods. This analysis also found that any strategy which included the protection of vulnerable populations generated more benefits than others.

scholarly journals Building The Tree Inventory Application for City of East Jakarta

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Sulistyantara ◽  
Imawan W. Hidayat ◽  
A. Nasirudin Taher ◽  
Hendrawan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Fundamental Function ◽  
Tree Inventory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Trees are essential elements of an urban space. The presence of trees in urban areas is not only appreciated as physical attribute, but beyond this, it serves a fundamental function in balancing and conserving urban ecosystem. Especially in tropical countries like Indonesia which receive high levels of solar radiation, trees contribute to the protection of urban areas from the impact of excessive micro-climatic conditions. But, the presence of trees sometimes resulted in the accidents for the residences because of broken branches and human injuries. This situation leads the city to prepare a tree inventory system, which is beneficial in giving the information about tree conditions and thus the information that would be useful for tree maintenance activities. The tree inventory on application for the city of East Jakarta was built for this purpose, comprising a tree inventory and easy access to the database. The application connects the database source with the GIS map, so that the users could retrieve information for each kind of data.

scholarly journals MURCIÉLAGOS (CHIROPTERA) EN ÁREAS VERDES URBANAS DE LA CIUDAD DE TEPIC, NAYARIT, MÉXICO

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Ramírez-Silva ◽  
Elsa Jazmín Lugo-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Artibeus Jamaicensis ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus ◽  
The City

ResumenLos murciélagos desempeñan un papel fundamental en los ecosistemas, ya que efectúan múltiples interacciones bióticas como la dispersión de semillas, polinización y el control de plagas, además de que poseen hábitos alimenticios muy variados. En Nayarit se han registrado 67 especies de quirópteros, pero ningún estudio se ha enfocado en las zonas urbanas del estado. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la diversidad y abundancia de murciélagos en las áreas verdes de la zona urbana de Tepic, Nayarit. Se realizó un muestro en nueve sitios empleando una red de 12 metros, colocada de 18:00 h a 23:00 h., durante el periodo de noviembre del 2015 a noviembre del 2016, en el cual se acumuló un total de 45 horas/red. Se muestrearon tres tipos de hábitat urbanos: plazas, zanjones y parques. Con los datos recabados se estimó el índice de diversidad alfa de Shannon y se realizó una prueba de t modificada por Hutchenson para comparar los distintos ecosistemas. Se registraron tres especies de murciélagos (Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus jamaicensis y Artibeus hirsutus). Los parques resultaron el ecosistema que registró la mayor diversidad y abundancia de murciélagos, mientras que la especie que se documentó con mayor frecuencia fue A. lituratus.Palabras clave: ambientes antropizados, parques urbanos, quirópteros.AbstractThe bats play a fundamental role in the ecological processes of ecosystems, they carry out multiple biotic interactions such as seed dispersers, pollination, and pest control, they also have very varied feeding habits. In the Mexican state of Nayarit have been registered 67 bat species, but no one research has focused on the urban areas. Our objective was to research the species present in the green areas of the city of Tepic, Nayarit. Nine sites were sampled using a 12-meter network, which was placed from 6:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. The samplings were carried out from November 2015 to November 2016, for a total of 45 hours/network. Three types of habitat were covered: plazas, zanjon, and parks. We performed the Shannon alpha index to assess diversity and a t-test was used to compare between the different habitats. Three species were registered (Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus jamaicensis and Artibeus hirsutus). The urban ecosystem with the greatest diversity and abundance was the parks and the species that presented the highest frequency in the urban area was A. lituratus.Key words: Anthropized areas, bats, green spaces.

scholarly journals The multifunctionality of urban horticulture and its integration with the city ecosystem: a brief review of concepts and the case of São Luís

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-259
Author(s):  
João Flávio B Gomes ◽  
Renata SB Gomes ◽  
Alex O Souza
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
The World ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Urban agriculture is currently carried out all over the world. The activity is characterized by its multifunctionality, contributing to food security, preservation of biodiversity, better use of urban spaces, and proper management of soil and water, in addition to contributing to increasing income and improving the quality of life of farmers who live in the cities. In the 1980s and 1990s, urban agriculture gained momentum on the international scene and, from 2005, in Brazil. Some successful experiences in the world (Detroit, Havana, and St. Petersburg) and in Brazil (Teresina, Sao Paulo, and Belo Horizonte) are briefly reported here. Then, we describe in more detail the case of the city of São Luís. The municipality is situated on an island and its rural spaces have characteristics of peri-urban areas. Agricultural production has low expression in municipal GDP (Gross Development Product). The main products are papaya, cassava, beans, bananas, coconut, and passion fruit and, among the vegetables, roselle, chives, coriander, and West Indian gherkin, traditional regional species of Maranhão cuisine. The activity has two primary groups of actors: producers and intermediaries, with 83 and 41% of them, respectively, living in rural areas. Almost all producers (92%) use their area, 79% use some sustainable fertilization practice, and 69% do not use pesticides. Production areas are small and producers need technical assistance. Transport and poor road conditions are the main challenges to bring products to the markets. The reality that came out from our study indicates the lack of public support to urban farmers in São Luís. On the contrary, successful experiences of urban agriculture have in common the convergence of public policies of urban planning, agriculture and supply, education, and health. Urban agriculture is dynamic and must be integrated into the urban ecosystem to make it possible to unveiling new perspectives on the countryside-city relationship.

scholarly journals Integración de los servicios ecosistémicos en la planificación urbana: los ríos urbanos

2017 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
María Perona Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Environmental Strategy ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

ResumenEsta investigación parte de la necesidad de poner el foco en los servicios que los ecosistemas pueden llegar a ofrecer en las áreas urbanas tomando en este caso, a los ríos como elemento clave en la planificación urbana. Desde este enfoque, se propone un análisis general de la relación entre el río, la ciudad y los ciudadanos, a través de las estrategias y técnicas de gestión de los entornos fluviales urbanos, los servicios ecosistémicos y el bienestar humano. Asimilando de este modo conceptos propios de la ecología y el urbanismo, y traduciéndolos a un lenguaje común y simplificado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la integración es la hoja de ruta a seguir en el camino hacia la ciudad habitable. Palabras clave  Servicios ecosistémicos, ecosistema urbano, río urbano, estrategia hidráulica, estrategia ambiental, bienestar humanoAbstractThis part of the investigation of the need to focus on the services that ecosystems can reach urban areas, taking in this case urban rivers as an important element in urban planning. From this approach, a general analysis of the relationship between the river, the city and the citizens is proposed, through the strategies and techniques of management of urban river environments, ecosystem services and human welfare. Assimilating, in this way, concepts proper to Ecology and Urbanism, and translating them into a common and simplified language. The results obtained from the integration of the road map to follow on the way to the habitable city. KeywordsEcosystem services, urban ecosystem, urban river, hydraulic strategy, environmental strategy, human welfare

scholarly journals Building The Tree Inventory Application for City of East Jakarta

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Sulistyantara ◽  
Imawan Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
A. Nasirudin Taher ◽  
Hendrawan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Fundamental Function ◽  
Tree Inventory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Trees are essential elements of an urban space. The presence of trees in urban areas is not only appreciated as physical attribute, but beyond this, it serves a fundamental function in balancing and conserving urban ecosystem. Especially in tropical countries like Indonesia which receive high levels of solar radiation, trees contribute to the protection of urban areas from the impact of excessive micro-climatic conditions. But, the presence of trees sometimes resulted in the accidents for the residences because of broken branches and human injuries. This situation leads the city to prepare a tree inventory system, which is beneficial in giving the information about tree conditions and thus the information that would be useful for tree maintenance activities. The tree inventory on application for the city of East Jakarta was built for this purpose, comprising a tree inventory and easy access to the database. The application connects the database source with the GIS map, so that the users could retrieve information for each kind of data.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Services Provided By Urban Forests In The Southern Caucasus Region: A Modeling Study In Tbilisi, Georgia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levan Alpaidze ◽  
Rocco Pace
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Southern Caucasus ◽  
The City

Abstract BackgroundAll cities globally are growing considerably as they are experiencing an intensive urbanization process resulting in significant economic, social, and environmental challenges. One of the major risks is the deterioration of living environment in urban areas due to the high soil consumption and pollution of environmental components. For this reason, cities are required to adopt measures to reduce air pollution concentration and CO2 emissions, preserve biodiversity and mitigate the urban heat island effect. In this context, tree planting has been suggested as one cost-effective strategy because green infrastructures can provide important environmental and social functions which contribute to the quality of life and health of city dwellers.Tbilisi is the largest city in Georgia, with a population of over 1,100,000 inhabitants (about 30% of total population of Georgia). The green space availability in Tbilisi (5-6 m2 per inhabitant) is low compared to other European cities, and in recent years the need to increase the amount of urban vegetation has been underlined at planning level.ResultsIn our study, we implemented for the first time in an Eastern European city the i-Tree Eco model to quantify the main ecosystem services from common tree species in Southern Caucasus. Two parks, Expo Park (694 trees) and Red Park (1027 trees) in the city of Tbilisi have been measured and a model simulation was performed for the year 2018. These urban forests store large amounts of carbon in their woody tissues (198.4 t for Expo park and 126.5 t for Red park) and each year they remove 4.6 and 4.7 t of CO2 for Expo park and Red park. They also positively contribute to the air quality by removing 119.6 and 90.3 kg of pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, PM2.5, SO2), and reducing water runoff of 269.5 and 200.5 m3, respectively.Conclusions This analysis highlighted the key role of urban forests in improving the environmental sustainability of the city of Tbilisi and provides important decision support for the tree species selection in this geographic area with the aim of maximizing the benefits trees can supply to cities.

scholarly journals Cultural Resources Survey for the City of Florence Municipal Facilities Complex Project, Williamson County, Texas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Shelton ◽  
Victoria Myers
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Project Area ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
Williamson County ◽  
The City ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Historic Origin

On behalf of the City of Florence, Texas, SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted an intensive cultural resources survey of the proposed City of Florence Municipal Facilities Complex (Project) in Williamson County, Texas. The 1.2-acre parcel scheduled for redevelopment is located on land owned and managed by the City of Florence, a political subdivision of the state of Texas; therefore, the Project requires compliance with the Antiquities Code of Texas (ACT). In addition, the project will receive federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); therefore, the work was conducted to comply with the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). This cultural resources investigation was conducted under ACT Permit No. 9142. On behalf of the USDA, SWCA has also issued engagement letters to the six Tribes identified by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) as having overlapping interest with the Project area. To date, SWCA has yet to receive comments from the identified Tribes. The parcel on which the Project is proposed contains four extant buildings/structures: the Florence City Hall, the Chamber of Commerce, a large Veteran’s Memorial, and a thrift store. As part of the Project, all but the Veteran’s Memorial are scheduled for demolition and a larger municipal complex is expected to be constructed in their stead. Impacts are expected to include widespread surficial modifications with deeper impacts in locations of foundations and utilities. The cultural resources investigation consisted of a background and historical map review followed by intensive pedestrian survey augmented by shovel testing conducted by an archaeologist, and an assessment of the extant buildings conducted by an architectural historian. SWCA’s background review determined that there are no known cultural resources within the Project area. Additionally, the historical map review identified only two potential historical structures within the Project area. During field investigations on September 25 and November 5, 2019, SWCA confirmed that the four extant buildings/structures on the subject property are of modern construction, and therefore, are not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and are not considered eligible for designation as a State Antiquities Landmark (SAL). In addition, the two potential historical structures identified during the historical map review within the Project area are not extant. SWCA excavated a total of 12 shovel tests within the Project area, three of which were positive for cultural materials. The cultural material includes an axe head, an unidentifiable metal fragment, a round nail, and a white-bodied earthenware sherd. The artifacts found within the shovel tests cannot be securely identified as being from a historic origin and were found with, or near the same depth as, modern plastic fragments. Furthermore, the soils within the Project area exhibited a high degree of disturbance due to decades of construction, landscaping, and tree planting, as well as buried utilities. Due to the lack of soil integrity and the lack of artifacts that can securely be attributed to a historic origin, SWCA finds the three positive shovel tests as constituting an isolated find and does not rise to the level of an archaeological site. As such, the isolated finds do not meet the criteria for NRHP listing nor SAL designation. No other cultural resources were identified within the Project area. In accordance with the ACT and with Section 106 of the NHPA (36 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 800.4 (b)(1)), SWCA has made a reasonable and good faith effort to identify historic properties within the area of potential effects. SWCA recommends a finding of No Historic Properties Affected per 36 CFR 800. 5(b) and no further archaeological investigation of the current Project area is recommended. No artifacts or samples were collected during this survey. All survey-related documentation will be curated at the Center for Archaeological Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas.

CASE HISTORY: OPEC IN SOUTHERN IDAHO

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-391
Author(s):  
James C. Willmann
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
The City ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The City of Nampa, Idaho, has had an oil pollution problem for about eight years. Oil was found in basements of downtown buildings, in sewers, and occasionally in a local stream. Numerous efforts to locate the source failed. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency assisted the city in locating the source and establishing a recovery system which continually removes oil from the shallow groundwater aquifer.

scholarly journals Cultural Resource Survey of the U.S. Highway 67 Water Improvement Project, City of Presidio, Presidio County, Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bury ◽  
Paul Matchen ◽  
Ashleigh Knapp ◽  
Michael Quigg
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water System ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Cultural Resource ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
The City ◽  
The U.S

The City of Presidio is proposing to upgrade their water distribution system, provide services to the Colonia of Las Pampas, north of Presidio, and improve the overall water system reliability to accommodate these additional demands. Following a review of the proposed undertaking, the Texas Historic Commission (THC) recommended that a cultural resource survey be performed (THC letter dated October 21, 2015). To meet its responsibilities under existing State and Federal statutes, the City contracted TRC Environmental Corporation (TRC) of Austin to conduct the necessary cultural resource survey. Subsequently, TRC archeologists submitted a Texas Antiquities Permit Application to the THC, and Antiquities Permit #7722 was issued to archeologist Benjamin G. Bury, who served as Principal Investigator. The Area of Potential Effect (APE) consists of approximately 8.18 acres and includes the existing Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) ROW along U.S. 67 and two 0.02 acre parcels adjacent to the ROW that are currently privately owned, but will be acquired by TxDOT as new ROW easements prior to construction. The project will be funded by the Border Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC). Given the involvement of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) with the BECC, the USEPA is the lead federal agency for this effort. Fieldwork was conducted on July 26th and July 27th, 2016. The field effort consisted of a systematic pedestrian survey at 15 m (50 ft.) intervals across the APE. Cultural resources documented during the survey included one historic site (41PS1220) and three isolated core reduction flakes that were widely separated and not associated with any other cultural materials. Site 41PS1220 consists of mid-to late-20th century trash left from informal dumping along U.S. 67. The dumping ground has been graded smooth in the last 30 years. Consequently, site materials are in a secondary context. Given these disturbances, TRC recommends that site 41PS1220 is not eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or qualified for nomination as a State Antiquities Landmark (SAL). Additionally, one previously recorded site (41PS346) recorded within the ROW in 1976 was not relocated during the investigation, and has likely been significantly redeposited during previous road maintenance activities. TRC recommends that the portion of site 41PS346 within the U.S. 67 ROW is not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP or qualified for nomination as a SAL. Therefore, TRC recommends the project proceed as planned.

Diversité, structure des arbres et description du boisement dans les concessions de l’espace urbain de Parakou au centre du Bénin

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 15842-15852
Author(s):  
Prucelle Elisée ZOHOUN ◽  
Mama DJAOUGA ◽  
Soufouyane ZAKARI ◽  
David M. BALOUBI ◽  
Ibouraïma YABI
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Tree Structure ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Milieu Urbain ◽  
Local Species ◽  
The City

Objectif : L’urbanisation dans les Pays en voie de développement se traduit par une croissance démographique galopante avec pour corollaire la dégradation de la végétation dans les espaces urbains et péri-urbains. Le présent article s’intéresse particulièrement à l’analyse de la diversité spécifique, de la structure des arbres et du boisement dans les concessions de la ville de Parakou. Méthodologie et résultats : Sur la base d’un échantillonnage raisonné, un inventaire floristique suivi d’une observation sur le nombre d’arbre par concession a été fait dans 140 placettes. Les résultats montrent que 30,32 % des concessions sont dépourvues d’arbre, 21,64 % comptent 1 arbre et 48,04 % comptent 2 arbres et plus. La richesse spécifique est de 94 espèces dont 77 espèces exotiques et 17 espèces locales réparties dans 37 familles. Le peuplement est dominé par l’espèce Mangifera indica. La densité moyenne est de 18 pieds/ha. La distribution selon les classes de diamètre montre une abondance des individus dans la classe de 10 à 30 cm. Conclusion et application des résultats : Il ressort de ces résultats que les concessions de la ville de Parakou sont peu boisées et pauvres en espèces locales et à grand diamètre. Ces résultats suscitent des recherches sur l’importance et les contraintes liées à la plantation des arbres dans le milieu urbain. Par ailleurs cela montre aux gestionnaires de la ville de Parakou, l’urgence de la vulgarisation et l’application des lois qui encadrent la plantation, la conservation et la protection des arbres dans les concessions et les domaines privés de Parakou et au Bénin. Mots clés : Villes de Parakou (Bénin), concessions, arbres, diversité, dendrométrie Zohoun et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Diversité, structure des arbres et description du boisement dans les concessions de l’espace urbain de Parakou au centre du Bénin 15843 ABSTRACT Diversity, tree structure and description of afforestation in the grants of the urban area of Parakou in central Benin Objective: Urbanization in developing countries results in galloping demographic growth with as a corollary, the degradation of vegetation in urban and peri-urban areas. This article focuses on the analysis of the specific diversity, tree structure and afforestation in the grants of the city of Parakou. Methodology and results: By sampling method, a floristic inventory followed by an observation of the number of trees per grant was made in 140 plots. The results show that 30.32% of the grants have no trees, 21.64% have 1 tree and 48.04% have 2 or more trees. The specific wealth is 94 species, of which 77 species are exotic and 17 local species, distributed among 37 families. The population is dominated by the Mangifera indica species. The average density is 18 plants/ha. The distribution according to diameter classes shows an abundance of individuals in the class of 10 to 30 cm. Conclusion and application of results: It appears from these results that the grants in the town of Parakou are sparsely forested and poor in local and large-diameter species. These results prompt research on the importance of and constraints to tree planting in the urban area. Moreover, it shows the managers of the city of Parakou the urgency of the extension and application of laws that govern the planting, conservation and protection of trees in the grants and the private domains of Parakou and in Benin. Key words: City of Parakou (Benin), grants, trees, diversity, dendrometry

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