scholarly journals The Chinese Socio-Cultural Sustainability Approach: The Impact of Conservation Planning on Local Population and Residential Mobility

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chen ◽  
Jianqiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
The Impact

Retaining indigenous populations is vital to the sustainable development and conservation of historic urban areas. However, little attention has been paid to Chinese conservation planning in an effort to safeguard indigenous people. This paper investigates population change and residential mobility in Chinese historic urban areas by applying demographic analysis and regression models to survey data collected in the Ping-Jiang Historic Quarter. Results indicate that few relocation behaviors are a result of the welfare housing policy and property ownership. However, residents’ intentions to move have increased, due to declining living conditions and tourism development in recent years. Classified by property ownership, public housing tenants and rented housing migrants were more willing to move, while private housing owners preferred to stay. Accordingly, there have been increasing trends of aging, poverty growth and population displacement, epitomized by the public housing population. Assessing planning impacts, welfare policy reduced residential mobility while undermining residents’ self-reliance to maintain their own houses. Without substantial social participation and community support, top-down conservation planning could only slow, rather than reverse, the trend of socio-cultural decline.

scholarly journals Mapping 20 Years of Urban Expansion in 45 Urban Areas of Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Yann Forget ◽  
Michal Shimoni ◽  
Marius Gilbert ◽  
Catherine Linard
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Mapping Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

By 2050, half of the net increase in the world’s population is expected to reside in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), driving high urbanization rates and drastic land cover changes. However, the data-scarce environment of SSA limits our understanding of the urban dynamics in the region. In this context, Earth Observation (EO) is an opportunity to gather accurate and up-to-date spatial information on urban extents. During the last decade, the adoption of open-access policies by major EO programs (CBERS, Landsat, Sentinel) has allowed the production of several global high resolution (10–30 m) maps of human settlements. However, mapping accuracies in SSA are usually lower, limited by the lack of reference datasets to support the training and the validation of the classification models. Here we propose a mapping approach based on multi-sensor satellite imagery (Landsat, Sentinel-1, Envisat, ERS) and volunteered geographic information (OpenStreetMap) to solve the challenges of urban remote sensing in SSA. The proposed mapping approach is assessed in 17 case studies for an average F1-score of 0.93, and applied in 45 urban areas of SSA to produce a dataset of urban expansion from 1995 to 2015. Across the case studies, built-up areas averaged a compound annual growth rate of 5.5% between 1995 and 2015. The comparison with local population dynamics reveals the heterogeneity of urban dynamics in SSA. Overall, population densities in built-up areas are decreasing. However, the impact of population growth on urban expansion differs depending on the size of the urban area and its income class.

scholarly journals Natural Geography and Patterns of Local Population Growth and Decline in Spain: 1960–2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelheid Holl
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Growth Variation

This paper analyzes the role of natural geography for explaining local population change patterns. Using spatially detailed data for Spain from 1960 to 2011, the estimation results indicated that natural geography variables relate to about half of the population growth variation of rural areas and more than a third of the population growth variation of urban areas during this period. Local differences in climate, topography, and soil and rock formation as well as distance to aquifers and the coast contribute to variations in local population growth patterns. Although, over time, local population change became less related to differences in natural geography, natural geography is still significantly related to nearly a third of the variation in local population change in rural areas and the contribution of temperature range and precipitation seasonality has even increased. For urban areas, weather continues to matter too, with growth being higher in warmer places.

scholarly journals DEGRADATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF PROTECTED AREAS IN URBANIZED ZONES

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Havrylenko ◽  
E. Tsyhanok
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recreation Zone

The article analyzes the state of development and implementation of the ecosystem services concept in the world and in Ukraine as an integral part of the global economic value of the planet. The impact of the quality of ecosystem services of protected areas on the urban infrastructure functioning is not researched well; the consideration of the importance of protected areas ecosystem services of urban areas for large cities vital activities is limited; also, there is a need to manage such territories on the basis of the ecosystem approach. This study substantiates the necessity of identification and evaluation of protected areas of ecosystem services in urban zones. The research of main causes and factors of ecosystem services degradation in the urbanized environment has been done on the example of the regional landscape park «Lysa Gora» in Kyiv-city. It has revealed the value of supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural services of ecosystems within the limits of each park’s landscape-functional zone for the city’s livelihoods. The most important services provided by the ecosystems of the landscape park reserve zone are the habitats preservation of the most valuable populations of the Red List plants, animals and mushrooms species and their biodiversity, soil formation, deflation of rocks, water infiltration and moisture accumulation, herb maintenance of surface and underground drainage, replenishment soil moisture, the flow of nutrients and water, the primary products production and oxygen production in the process of photosynthesis, the regulation air quality and balance in it dioxide and oxygen, ultraviolet rays protection, microclimate regulation, implement erosion and biological control. Among the ecosystem services of the regulated recreation zone, the most important are recreational, environmentally education, cultural, behavioural and scientific-cognitive, whose value is significantly increased in an urbanized environment. The real threat of the Kyiv’s loss of the valuable biodiversity focus and recreation areas is the result of conflicts between different subjects of nature using. There has been created a mapping, which shows the main factors of the study area ecosystem services degradation. In particular, within the reserve zone, such factors are frequent arrival of motor transport, laying quad bikes excursion routes by the most valuable parts of the park, misuse of the reserve zone, dumping of garbage in natural reservoirs, tree felling. The most common causes of ecosystem services degradation within the regulated recreation zone are the massive unorganized recreation of the local population, widespread firefighting, municipal waste incineration, sanitary logging, dumping of building debris, etc. In order to preserve and restore the landscape park ecosystem services quality, which is used by a significant part of the local population, the conflicts identified must be eliminated immediately.

scholarly journals Which Residential Clusters of Walkability Affect Future Population from the Perspective of Real Estate Prices in the Osaka Metropolitan Area?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13413
Author(s):  
Haruka Kato ◽  
Atsushi Takizawa
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Walkability Index ◽  
The Future ◽  
Real Estate Prices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Population

In Japan, where the population is declining and aging significantly, walkability has attracted attention as a way to improve residents’ lifestyles. Therefore, it is essential to identify the residential clusters where walkability improvement would contribute to the maintenance of the population in order to select urban areas for the implementation of walkable designs. This study aimed to identify the residential clusters in which walkability affects the future population from the perspective of real estate prices. The reason for focusing on real estate prices is that they are expected to be a confounding factor connecting walkability and the future population. The method we used was to analyze the structural equation modeling of the impact of walkability index, real estate prices, and future population change ratio. This analysis was based on the neighborhood association scale. This study clarified that effective residential clusters are the business center cluster and the sprawl cluster. In the business center cluster and the sprawl cluster, the price of apartments for sale is the real estate value, through which the walkability index positively impacts the future population change ratio. This means that it is expected to contribute to the maintenance of the future population through a combination of walkable designs and housing policies that encourage people to change their residence types to apartments for sale when rebuilding old building stock using the location optimization plan policy.

Achieving water security in peri-urban Yangon: exploring the local governance processes

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-998
Author(s):  
Rebecca Groot ◽  
Mucahid Mustafa Bayrak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Water Security ◽  
High Price ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Many cities in the Global South lack the capacity to provide water security to their inhabitants. Peri-urban areas are especially vulnerable to water insecurity. This study concerns the impact of (good) governance on water security among formal and informal settlers residing in Hlaing Thar Yar Industrial Zone (HTIZ), a peri-urban area belonging to Yangon, Myanmar. Through employing mixed methods, we investigate the dynamics of water security by studying the governing processes which shape it on a local level. In HTIZ, various challenges related to water security come together. Our findings reveal that water security in HTIZ was achieved for the majority of the formal settlers, whereas this was not the case for the majority of the informal (riverbank) settlers. Although a well-organized needs-driven system of local water vendors supplied water to the local population there was a high risk of contamination by domestic pollution (e.g., Escherichia coli) and industrial effluent, in addition to the relatively high price of the water. The identified water insecurities were driven on an institutional level by the lack of capacity and priority given to supplying and protecting informal settlers. Absence of environmental monitoring and enforcement, and the perceptions of government officials further exacerbated water insecurity.

Man's Impact on the Natural Environment of Peninsular Malaysia: Some Problems and Human Consequences

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Robert Aiken ◽  
Michael R. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
The Impact

Malaysia is one of the world's most successful ‘developing’ countries. As such it provides some excellent examples of rapidly changing man–environment relationships of a type that are soon to be expected in many other Third World nations.The examples selected for this paper have been chosen to show both the degree of Man's impact on the natural environment of Peninsular Malaysia and also the changing relationships between Man and his environment. These two themes are inextricably related. The case-studies used illustrate these themes on different areal scales.The impact of oil spillage from grounded supertankers using the Straits of Malacca and Singapore illustrates the international implications of a potentially widespread ecological disaster. The need for international control is stressed. In Malaysia, effluent from palm-oil processing mills is becoming an increasingly serious water-pollution problem in many of the Peninsula's rivers. Although the effects may be confined to individual drainage-basins, the results can be catastrophic to both aquatic and marine ecosystems and to the people who obtain their livelihood from them.Land development and forest clearance have resulted in the opening up of vast areas to new rural settlements, a process paralleled by rapid urbanization. The third case-study considers Man's changing relationship to his disease environment in both rural and urban areas from the point of view of man–mosquito relationships. Finally, as a local problem, the Batu Caves situation is taken to illustrate conflicting resource demands for a unique limestone habitat. The impact of industrial pollution on the local population is emphasized.These problems are finally considered from the point of view of the quality of life and human welfare in developing countries. It is argued that raising levels of human welfare through development without giving due consideration to environmental impact may be a self-defeating process. Local issues probably make the individual aware of this paradox. Perhaps only when the cumulative environmental and individual impact of human activities is appreciated at local, regional, and national, scales will effective legislative controls be introduced.

scholarly journals Implications of global peak population for Canada’s future: Northern, rural, and remote communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Martin Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
The South ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
Skills Shortages

The broad demographic changes that are affecting the Canadian population, including population aging and changes to immigration, will not have the same impact or implications in all places across the country. For communities in the North and rural and remote communities in the South, the patterns of demographic change might be quite different from those faced by cities. There is also considerable diversity among these non-urban areas. Non-urban hinterlands that are within commuting distance of cities (high Metropolitan Influence) have been growing, with some being reclassified as parts of urban agglomerations. Population change in rural areas that are outside of urban influence is more closely related to employment dynamics in particular sectors, especially agriculture and resource extraction. Populations of many of those communities have been declining and aging due to out-migration of young adults and a lack of immigration. In the North, where populations are younger, resource development has meant rapid change to Northern communities and cultures. Current challenges for Northern, rural and remote communities include potential labour force skills shortages and adapting infrastructure to a changing population, in the context of difficult geography. Future issues related to population change have implications for social cohesion. In the North, there is a risk of widening socioeconomic inequality, particularly between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. In the South, disparities in lifestyles and labour force experiences between rural and urban populations might also grow. Recommendations for knowledge development include more research on the effective recruitment and retention of professionals, including immigrants, in these areas, as well as better sources of data on Northern populations.

Urbanization of fauna on the example of marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
A. P. Korzh ◽  
T. V. Zahovalko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, the number of published works devoted to the processes of synanthropization of fauna, is growing like an avalanche, which indicates the extreme urgency of this theme. In our view, the process of forming devices to coexist with human and the results of his life reflects the general tandency of the modern nature evolution. Urbanization is characteristic for such a specific group of animals like amphibians, the evidence of which are numerous literature data. Many researchers use this group to assess the bioindicative quality of the environment. For this aim a variety of indicators are used: from the cellular level of life of organization up to the species composition of the group in different territories. At the same time, the interpretation of the results is not always comparable for different areas and often have significantly different interpretations by experts. Urban environment, primarily due to the contamination is extremely aggressive to amphibians. As a consequence, the urban populations of amphibians may be a change in the demographic structure, affecting the reproductive ability of the population, the disappearance of the most sensitive species or individuals, resizing animals, the appearance of abnormalities in the development, etc. At the same time play an important amphibians in the ecosystems of cities, and some species in these conditions even feel relatively comfortable. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the mechanisms of self-sustaining populations of amphibians in urban environments. To assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the development of amphibian populations were used cognitive modeling using the program Vensim PLE. Cognitive map of the model for urban and suburban habitat conditions were the same. The differences concerned the strength of connections between individual factors (migration, fertility, pollution) and their orientation. In general, factors like pollution, parasites, predators had negative impact on the population, reducing its number. The birth rate, food and migration contributed to raising number of individuals. Some of the factors affected on the strength to of each other as well: the majority of the factors affected the structure of the population, had an influence on the fertility. Thanks to it the model reflects the additive effect of complex of factors on the subsequent status of the population. Proposed and analyzed four scenarios differing strength and duration of exposure. In the first scenario, a one-time contamination occurs and not subsequently repeated. The second and third scenario assumes half board contamination, 1 year (2 scenario) and two years (scenario 3). In the fourth scenario, the pollution affected the population of amphibians constantly. In accordance with the results of simulation, much weaker than the natural populations respond to pollution - have them as an intensive population growth and its disappearance at constant pollution is slow. Changes to other parameters of the model showed that this pollution is the decisive factor -only the constant action leads to a lethal outcome for the populations. All other components of the model have a corrective effect on the population dynamics, without changing its underlying trand. In urban areas due to the heavy impact of pollution maintaining the population is only possible thanks to the migration process – the constant replenishment of diminishing micropopulations of natural reserves. This confirms the assumption that the form of existence metapopulations lake frog in the city. In order to maintain the number of amphibians in urban areas at a high level it is necessary to maintain existing migration routes and the creation of new ones. Insular nature of the placement of suitable habitats in urban areas causes the metapopulation structure of the types of urbanists. Therefore, the process of urbanization is much easier for those species whicht are capable of migration in conditions of city. In the initial stages of settling the city micropopulationis formed by selective mortality of the most susceptible individuals to adverse effects. In future, maintaining the categories of individuals is provided mainly due to migration processes metapopulisation form of the species of existence is supported). It should be noted that the changes in the previous levels are always saved in future. In the case of reorganizations of individuals we of morphology can assume the existence of extremely adverse environmental conditions that threaten the extinction of the micropopulations. 

Key Aspects of Assessing Effectiveness and Efficiency of Implementation of the Federal Clean Air Project on the Example of the Comprehensive Emission Reduction Action Plan in Nizhny Tagil

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
SV Yarushin ◽  
DV Kuzmin ◽  
AA Shevchik ◽  
TM Tsepilova ◽  
VB Gurvich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Key issues of assessing effectiveness and economic efficiency of implementing the Federal Clean Air Project by public health criteria are considered based on the example of the Comprehensive Emission Reduction Action Plan realized in the city of Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region. Materials and methods: We elaborated method approaches and reviewed practical aspects of evaluating measures taken in 2018–2019 at key urban industrial enterprises accounting for 95 % of stationary source emissions. Results: Summary calculations of ambient air pollution and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic inhalation health risks including residual risks, evaluation of the impact of air quality on urban mortality and morbidity rates, economic assessment of prevented morbidity and premature mortality cases have enabled us not only to estimate health effects but also to develop guidelines for development and implementation of actions aimed at enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of industrial emission reduction in terms of health promotion of the local population. Conclusions: We substantiate proposals for the necessity and sufficiency of taking remedial actions ensuring achievement of acceptable health risk levels as targets of the Comprehensive Emission Reduction Action Plan in Nizhny Tagil until 2024 and beyond.

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