scholarly journals Enhancing Road Network Resilience by Considering the Performance Loss and Asset Value

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myungsik Do ◽  
Hoyong Jung
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
The Road ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Total Travel Time ◽  
Infrastructure Performance

In this study, we focus on resilience as the ability of specific infrastructure systems at the regional scale to absorb the shocks of extreme events, such as earthquakes. The occurrence of a disaster such as an earthquake leads to a rapid decrease in infrastructure performance. In the case of road networks, performance might refer to the number of drivers using the road within a certain period of time. The objective of this study is to propose a quantitative evaluation method to analyze road network performance (or performance loss) when natural disasters occur. Furthermore, we use cluster analysis and consider the performance loss and asset value in an attempt to propose a method to determine the critical path that should be prioritized for maintenance. This study aimed at analyzing hazard resilience from the network aspect through a scenario analysis depending on damage recovery after disaster occurrence. This study compared the hazard resilience speed to recover existing performance according to the scenario for damage recovery targeting the selected road network. It was found that the total increase in the utility (e.g., total travel time saved) gradually diminished as the restoration cost increased.

Lowering Bicycle Stress One Link at a Time: Where Should We Invest in Infrastructure?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (36) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Moran ◽  
William Tsay ◽  
Sean Lawrence ◽  
Gregory R. Krykewycz
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Street Segment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Computational Optimization ◽  
Ranked List ◽  
Road Segments

This paper presents a new, regional-scale application of low-stress bicycle connectivity analysis. While prior network-based analyses have focused on the overall improvement in connectivity that could be achieved by implementing a package of projects from a comprehensive bike plan, the purpose of this project was to wholly evaluate potential improvements in connectivity through individual improvements at the street segment level. Using scripts and database tools, levels of traffic stress were assigned to the road network. Incorporating numerous computational optimization measures, shortest paths were calculated between millions of origin and destination pairs to identify the road segments that could most benefit low-stress connectivity. The resulting ranked list of links providing the greatest connectivity benefit allows planners to more efficiently prioritize locations for further investigation and analysis.

scholarly journals Resilience-Based Optimization of Postdisaster Restoration Strategy for Road Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Xinhua Mao ◽  
Jibiao Zhou ◽  
Changwei Yuan ◽  
Dan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Network Flows ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Total System ◽  
Network Resilience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Restoration Strategies

This work proposes a framework for the optimization of postdisaster road network restoration strategies from a perspective of resilience. The network performance is evaluated by the total system travel time (TSTT). After the implementation of a postdisaster restoration schedule, the network flows in a certain period of days are on a disequilibrium state; thus, a link-based day-to-day traffic assignment model is employed to compute TSTT and simulate the traffic evolution. Two indicators are developed to assess the road network resilience, i.e., the resilience of performance loss and the resilience of recovery rapidity. The former is calculated based on TSTT, and the latter is computed according to the restoration makespan. Then, we formulate the restoration optimization problem as a resilience-based bi-objective mixed integer programming model aiming to maximize the network resilience. Due to the NP-hardness of the model, a genetic algorithm is developed to solve the model. Finally, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The effects of key parameters including the number of work crews, travelers’ sensitivity to travel time, availability of budget, and decision makers’ preference on the values of the two objectives are investigated as well.

scholarly journals Cordon- or Link-Based Pricing: Environment-Oriented Toll Design Models Development and Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xijie Li ◽  
Ying Lv ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Li Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Pricing Models ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Design Models ◽  
Congestion Mitigation

This study focuses on an environment-friendly toll design problem, where an acceptable road network performance is promised. First, a Traffic Performance Index (TPI)-based evaluation method is developed to help identify the optimal congestion level and the management target of a transportation system. Second, environment-oriented cordon- and link-based road toll design models are respectively proposed through the use of bi-level programming. Both upper-level submodel objectives are to minimize gross revenue (the total collected toll minus the emissions treatment cost) under different pricing strategies. Both lower-level submodels quantify the user equilibrium (UE) condition under elastic demand. Moreover, the TPI-related constraints for the management requirements of the network performance are incorporated into the bi-level programming modeling framework, which can lead to 0–1 mixed integer bi-level nonlinear programming for toll design problems. Accordingly, a genetic algorithm-based heuristic searching method is proposed for the two pricing models. The proposed cordon- and link-based pricing models were then applied to a real-world road network in Beijing, China. The effects of the toll schemes generated from the two models were compared in terms of emissions reduction and congestion mitigation. In this study, it was indicated that a higher total collected toll may lead to more emissions and related treatment costs. Tradeoffs existed between the toll scheme, emissions reduction, and congestion mitigation.

scholarly journals Improving the road network performance with dynamic route guidance by considering the indifference band of road users

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 897-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap D. Vreeswijk ◽  
Serge P. Hoogendoorn ◽  
Andreas Hegyi ◽  
Ramon L. Landman ◽  
Bart van Arem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Route Guidance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Dynamic Route

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ROAD NETWORK PERFORMANCE AND LAND PRICE: CASE STUDY SALATIGA CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Edwin Hidayat ◽  
Iwan Rudiarto ◽  
Walter Timo De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Land Price ◽  
Population Means ◽  
The Road

Many aspects should be considered in planning a sustainable city, two of them are transportation planning and population growth. These aspects have an essential role in changing the urban structure and the occupancy rate of a city. Population growth always related to people activity, particularly social and economic activities whereas road is the primary transportation to support people activities. Moreover, an increasing population means increasing the need for land for housing purpose. This need automatically triggered the land price fluctuation. This paper aims to examine the correlation of road network performance which represented by accessibility and mobility toward land price. The first method is secondary data collection such as the road network map, land price, and demographic data. Secondly, measure the road length using a GIS-based approach. Subsequently, statistical analysis is applied to understand the correlation among those data. The results showed that accessibility and mobility give positive relationship to the land price. However, in term of influence level, accessibility has a weak influence on the land price. Mobility has a relatively significant influence on land price.

scholarly journals User-Optimal and System-Optimal Route Choices for a Large Road Network

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Boyce ◽  
Qian Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Optimal Route ◽  
Choice Problem ◽  
Vehicle Miles Traveled ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
The Road ◽  
System Optimal ◽  
Total Travel Time

Solutions to the route choice problem for assumptions of user-optimality and system-optimality are presented for the road network of the Chicago region. Regionwide results show a 5% decrease in total travel time would be achieved during the morning peak period, if a system-optimal solution based on travel times were implemented. Among the costs of this solution is a 1.5% increase in vehicle-miles traveled. Findings for differences in link flows and individual origin-destination pairs complete the paper.

scholarly journals Road Network Resilience: How to Identify Critical Links Subject to Day-to-Day Disruptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Gauthier ◽  
Angelo Furno ◽  
Nour-Eddin El Faouzi
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
The Road ◽  
Computationally Intensive

Disruptive events occur on road networks on a daily basis and affect traffic flow. Resilience analysis aims to assess the consequences of such disruptions by quantifying the ability of a network to absorb and react to adverse events. In this paper, we advance a methodological approach based on resilience stress testing and a dynamic mesoscopic simulator. We aim to identify and rank the links most critical to the overall performance of the road network, taking into account the dynamic properties of road traffic and focusing on day-to-day disruptions. As a metric to quantify road network performance in the presence of such disruptions, we use the increase in overall travel cost. We then compare our approach with purely topological approaches. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the different analyzed metrics. We prove that link ranking varies greatly depending on the metric. Specifically, the proposed stress testing methodology can produce very accurate results by taking into account demand and congestion, but requires computationally intensive simulations, being therefore prohibitive even on medium-sized networks. Conversely, purely static topological metrics can be inaccurate if they do not take into account traffic demand and network dynamics. Our study highlights the need for joining traditional traffic-agnostic topological resilience analysis with demand-aware dynamic stress testing techniques.

Evaluation and Analysis of Botswana Gravel Road Condition for District Transportation Networks Monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 740-744
Author(s):  
Adewole S. Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Gravel Road ◽  
Broad Overview

Gravel roads are majorly affected by deterioration which manifests as loss of gravel materials due to traffic and environmental conditions. District Road Maintenance Managers are faced with competing investment demands to maintain gravel road networks in the best condition due to inadequate intelligent techniques of evaluating the roadway performance. The aim of evaluating the road network performance is to reduce the rate of deterioration so that maintenance interventions could be extended. Road condition data is a precursor for road monitoring and is collected on a periodic basis by road authorities to assist in transportation planning. The primary objective of this paper was to evaluate and analysis the trend of Botswana gravel road condition which best captures the effects of gravel road condition influencing factors. This was achieved by carrying out exploratory statistical analysis. Gravel road condition data were collected through the Botswana Roads Department covering 2002, 2005 and 2008 for Botswana district gravel road networks. The variables required for the analysis were clustered and pre-processed to determine their suitability. The analysis results gave a broad overview of the extent to which gravel road condition trends lend credence to their usefulness in district transportation networks monitoring in Botswana.

scholarly journals An Influence Analytical Model of Dedicated Bus Lane on Network Traffic by Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Yingying Ma ◽  
Yuanqi Xie ◽  
Yongjie Lin
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
The Road ◽  
Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Continuous Output ◽  
Bus Lane ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smooth State

To study the influence mechanism of dedicated bus lanes on the urban road network, this paper proposes a novel analytical model of macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) and passenger macroscopic fundamental diagram (p-MFD) and the corresponding indicators based on MFD and p-MFD to evaluate the operation of the network. Taking the grid network as an example, this paper collects traffic flow to calibrate the developed MFD and p-MFD and evaluates the network performance under different proportions of dedicated bus lanes. The simulation results show that the larger the proportion of dedicated bus lanes, the greater the impact on the rising section and the stable section of MFD and the descending section and post-stable section of p-MFD. Further analysis for the sensitivity of simulation experiments found that the strategy of setting dedicated bus lanes will improve the efficiency of vehicle and passenger transport when the road network is in a smooth state and ensure the continuous output of passengers when the network is in a congested state.

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