scholarly journals Resilient or Not: A Comparative Case Study of Ten Local Water Markets in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Zhiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Market Environmentalism ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Efficient Water Use ◽  
Competitive Pricing

Despite the global expansion of water markets, their resilience has received little scholarly attention, even though they are vulnerable to external and internal disturbances. Since the 1990s, the water market has been actively promoted by China as an important institutional coordination mechanism for efficient water use. This article examines what contextual factors, in configurations, contribute to the resilience of water markets in China. We distinguish between resilient and factitious water markets as two outcome variables and distil four conditions from market environmentalism to explain the variance in their outcomes: ownership of water entitlements, market intermediaries, water pricing, and spot/forward trade categories. Using crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA), we analyzed seven resilient and three factitious water markets in China. Our findings show that a water market’s framework is multidimensional and complex and that no necessary conditions contribute to resilience. Two sufficient solutions display the configurational complexity of water markets’ resilience. Path 1 includes strong intermediary, uncompetitive price, and forward water trade. Path 2 includes privatization of water entitlements, spot contracts, and competitive pricing. Weak intermediary together with forward water trade determines factitious water markets. The QCA results reveal that there exist multiple paths that a resilient water market can follow and develop. Therefore, policymakers must be cautious about pushing for water market indiscriminately, especially by over-privatization and unlimited investment in water banks.

Post-Conflict Cooperation in Multi-Ethnic Local communities of Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Qualitative Comparative analysis of Diaspora's Role

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Hasić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Post Conflict

How are diaspora involvement in peacebuilding and elite cooperation in multi-ethnic municipalities complementary? This article examines how local elites perceive and respond to conflict-generated diaspora's role in peacebuilding in nine post-conflict multi-ethnic municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and whether these perceptions can determine types of inter-ethnic cooperation within local institutions. Using a systematic comparative case study analysis utilising ideal-type fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), I derive four types of relationships. The results indicate that local elites, experiencing various levels of direct and indirect interaction with diaspora communities, perceive diaspora's role in the process as constraining their own cooperation prospects. The analysis also demonstrates that local elites perceive diaspora as insufficiently competent and imperfectly coordinated to tackle major challenges in local peacebuilding frameworks and that diaspora actions do not significantly affect the reform of current dynamics and practices of intra-ethnic cooperation among elites.

scholarly journals National responses to HIV/AIDS and non-communicable diseases in developing countries: analysis of strategic parallels and differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Nigatu Haregu ◽  
Geoffrey Setswe ◽  
Julian Elliott ◽  
Brian Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Strategic Information ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) epidemics may have many important similarities in their aetiology, pathogenesis and management. Evidence about the similarities and differences between the national responses HIV/AIDS and NCDs is essential for an integrated response. The objective of this study was to examine the parallels and differences between national responses to HIV/AIDS and NCDs in selected developing countries. This study applied a strategic level comparative case study approach as its study design. The main construct was national response to HIV/AIDS and NCDs. The 4 overarching themes were policy response, institutional mechanism, programmatic response and strategic information. Four countries were purposively selected as cases. Data were collected and triangulated from a multiple sources. The focus of analysis included identifying items for comparison, characteristics to be compared, degrees of similarity, and strategic importance of similarities. Analysis of data was qualitative content analysis with within-case, between-case, and across-case comparisons. While the nature of the disease and the contents of national HIV/AIDS and NCD policies are different, the policy processes involved are largely similar. Functional characteristics of programmatic response to HIV/AIDS and NCDs are similar. But the internal constituents are different. Though both HIV and NCDs require both a multi-sectorial response and a national coordination mechanism, the model and the complexity of the coordination are different. Strategic information frameworks for HIV/AIDS and NCDs use similar models. However, the indicators, targets and priorities are different. In conclusion, the national responses between HIV/AIDS and NCDs are largely similar in approaches and functions but different in content.

Unleashing the watchdogs: explaining congressional assertiveness in the politics of US military interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Böller ◽  
Marcus Müller
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
War Powers ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Congressional Behavior ◽  
The Us

This article contributes to a burgeoning literature on parliamentary war powers by investigating the case of the US Congress drawing on both International Relations (IR) research and traditional war powers studies. Applying a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and case study method, we examine the conditions shaping congressional assertiveness. The article shows that the lack of national security interests and divided government are important conditions for members of Congress to criticize presidential intervention policies. While previous US war powers studies focused on the influence of partisanship, this article holds that domestic as well as international factors influence congressional behavior. A short comparative case study of two US military interventions (Libya 2011, ISIS 2014–15) during the Obama presidency serves to illustrate the findings.

scholarly journals What Drives the Performance of Collaboration Networks: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Local Water Governance in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Cui ◽  
Hongtao Yi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Collaboration Networks ◽  
Governance Networks ◽  
Local Water

Local water governance is challenging given the significance to public health and the difficulties to manage it in a fragmented administrative system. A collaboration network is a popular governance tool in local governance to cope with functional fragmentation problems and institutional collective action (ICA) dilemmas. Empirical works are needed to examine the outcomes of such governance networks, especially in the context of environmental governance. With fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this article seeks to evaluate the outcomes of collaboration networks by investigating the influence of network structures on local water governance performance in China. Based on empirical analyses on a dataset of twenty local water governance networks implementing the Water Ecological Civilization Pilot Project in China, the findings suggest that a high overall bridging and bonding of social capital and a low network density are important determinants of effective collaboration networks. This study has policy implications for the design of local collaboration networks in facilitating effective environmental governance.

The Targeted “Solution” in the Spotlight: How a Product Focus Influences Collective Action Within and Beyond Cross-Sector Partnerships

2021 ◽  
pp. 000765032098527
Author(s):  
Lea Stadtler ◽  
Özgü Karakulak
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Field Effects ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Advance Theory

Based on a comparative case study of six cross-sector partnerships (CSPs) in global health, we illustrate how a CSP’s aim to address a social issue on the basis of products influences the governance of collective action within the partnership and beyond, at the field level. We show how such product focus, through specialization, influences a CSP’s structures and interaction culture and, as a reflection of the partners’ underlying logics, generates different CSP-field effects. Specifically, if conceived as self-contained and without considering the implications for other field players and programs, a product focus may expedite collective action within the CSP, but spur fragmentation and disruption at the field level. Conversely, if designed to strengthen field capacity and integration at the product-field interlinkages, a product focus may take longer to form but helps avoid the above field effects. On this basis, we advance theory on CSPs’ product focus as a multilevel coordination mechanism and elaborate on the implications for designing product-based CSPs.

scholarly journals Shifting entrepreneurial landscape and development performance of water startups in emerging water markets

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246282
Author(s):  
Peiyuan Liu ◽  
Yuxiong Huang ◽  
Slav W. Hermanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
The Status ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
And Performance

Emerging technologies have driven the rise of many water-related startups and created new opportunities in water markets. The global water crisis could be mitigated by applying innovative technologies, sound water management decisions, and successful business models, and it is essential to better understand the status and future trends of emerging water markets. This study aims to discover shifts in the entrepreneurial landscape and evaluate water startups' development performance for the sustainable development of emerging water markets. We collected and analyzed data including the founding date, service area, service provided, details of funding raised, revenues, and consumer responses on 132 water startups founded between 2008 and 2018 in California, USA. Our results indicated that municipal area dominated the emerging water startup market compared to agricultural and industrial areas, and that many of the services provided shifted from conventional technologies to digital technologies. Though digital water startups' current revenues were relatively low, digital techniques applied in the water industry exhibited the good potential to promote public health and water saving. The development trends and performance of water startups enlighten the technological and commercial revolutions in the emerging water market, and provide guidelines for the decision-making in relevant stakeholders in the scientific, governmental, and industrial communities.

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