scholarly journals Whose Agency Counts in Land Use Decision-Making in Myanmar? A Comparative Analysis of Three Cases in Tanintharyi Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Lundsgaard-Hansen ◽  
Flurina Schneider ◽  
Julie Zaehringer ◽  
Christoph Oberlack ◽  
Win Myint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Governance Network ◽  
Access To Knowledge

Myanmar has experienced profound transformations of land use and land governance, often at the expense of smallholders. Empirical evidence on the agency of actors included and excluded in land use decision-making remains scarce. This study analyses who influences land use decision-making, how they do this, and under what circumstances smallholders are included. Comparing three land use trajectories in southern Myanmar, we analysed actors’ agency—conceived as the meanings and means behind (re)actions—in land use decision-making using data from focus groups and interviews. Results showed that uneven distribution of means can lead to unequal decision-making power, enabling actors with more means to exclude those with less means: smallholders. However, this only applies in the case of top-down interventions with mutually exclusive actor interests regarding use of the same land. Where interests are compatible or a mediator supports smallholders in negotiations, actors are likely to develop a collaboration despite unequal means, leading to smallholders’ inclusion in decision-making. Transformation of current land governance towards sustainable development could be promoted by providing mediators to actors with few means, ensuring equal access for all to formal land tenure, engaging with brokers in the land governance network, and improving access to knowledge and financial capital for actors with few means.

scholarly journals Contribution of Ecosystem Services to Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veidemane
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Water Ecosystems

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) for 2030 are established to address global challenges including environment and human well-being. The SDGs are interconnected and achievement of them requires consideration of the planet’s ecosystems and resources - land, water and air. Ecosystem services (ES) approach has a high potential for better planning, policy and decision making. Understanding how different ecosystems (e.g., forests, rivers, wetlands, grasslands) contribute to the social and economic benefits is critical to ensure the long-term biodiversity protection and sustainable use of ecosystems. A conceptual framework linking biodiversity and ecosystem condition (its structure and functions), and ES to human well-being has been well-established in EU by so called MAES process (Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystem Services) lead by the European Commission. The framework is applied in recent research studies and projects, as well as national MAES processes. Various methods are applied for MAES in terms to determine biophysical, economic and social values and to deliver integrated ecosystem assessment. Assessment of ES and trade off analysis shall provide a new perspective for land use planning and decision making at different administrative and spatial levels and in different sectoral policies. EU and national policies for instance on agriculture, fishery, forestry, climate should account the benefits provided by relevant ecosystems and to ensure that the values are not diminished but rather enhanced during the implementation of the policies. Terrestrial and water ecosystems are interconnected as land-based human activities creates pressure that impacts the conditions in water ecosystems and thus delivery of ES by rivers and lakes. For example, intensive agricultural land use produces food for people and income; however, the activity also most frequently causes problems with water quality and quantity in the catchment area and a loss of biodiversity. A risk of such trade-off shall be handled in policy development. Ecosystems also contributes to the resilience of communities by reducing the risk of natural hazards and mitigate adverse impacts. Regulating services such as flood control are substituting investments in flood protection ensured by forests, wetlands and grasslands instead of human built infrastructure. Appropriate land cover and land use shall serve as a basic flood protection measure. Natural processes are increasingly recognised to create new-type solutions that use and deploy the properties of natural ecosystems and their services in an “engineered” way. A wide range of measures called also as nature-based solutions provide another opportunity to work with nature towards global sustainability.

A Machine Learning Sustainable Development Goals Model for Water Resources Serious Gaming. Case Study:  Combeima River, Colombia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Viviana Garzon Useche ◽  
Karel Aldrin Sánchez Hernández ◽  
Gerald Augusto Corzo Pérez ◽  
German Ricardo Santos Granados
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Development Goals

<p>The importance of knowing and representing rural and urban development in water management is vital for its sustainability.  An essential part of the management required that stakeholders are more aware of the consequences of decisions and in some way, can link decisions towards sustainability.  For this, a mobile app serious game called Water Citizens has been proposed as knowledge dissemination and to provide a better understanding of the way decisions affect Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A complex model of a pilot region (Combeima in Ibague, Colombia) has been developed, and the model results are few into equations to estimate fluctuations of SDGs in the region. Running this complex model in real-time, for a mobile application, requires an extensive high-performance computing system linked to large and complex network setup. To solve this problem, a fast yet accurate surrogate model is proposed.</p><p>Therefore, this study contemplates an analysis of methods to forecast sustainable development indicators evaluated through climate change scenarios for a period between 1989-2039. The proposed scenarios associated the public health, livestock, agriculture, engineering, education and environment sectors with climate variables, climate change projections, land cover and land use, water demands (domestic, agricultural and livestock) and water quality (BOD and TSS). Generating the possibility that each player can make decisions that represent the actions that affect or contribute to the demand, availability and quality of water in the region.</p><p>Consequently, a set of indicators were selected to recreate the dimensions of each sector and reflect its relationship with the Sustainable Development Objectives, as opposed to the decisions made by each player. In addition, three categories were considered for the levels of sustainability: low (0.0 - 0.33), medium (0.34 - 0.66) and high (0.67 - 1.0) for the calculated SDG values. </p><p>Self-learning techniques have been employed in the analysis of decision-making problems. In this study, the nearest K neighbours (k-NN) and a multilayer perceptron network (MLP) were used. Through an analysis based on the responses of the players and sustainability indexes, a multiple correlation analysis was developed in order to consolidate the learning dataset, which was randomly partitioned in proportions 0.7 and 0.3 for the training and test subsets respectively. Subsequently, the model fit and performance was carried out, analysing the MSE error metric and confusion matrix.</p><p>Finally, the results of this study will allow to determine the potential of supervised learning models as a decision-making tool for the evaluation of sustainable development, as well as to obtain a better abstraction and representation of the water resource to the challenges related to climate adaptation and water sustainability measures of citizen action, besides generating new approaches for the use of artificial intelligence in land use planning and climate adaptation processes.</p>

Bureaucrats, Cattle, and Public Policy

1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis A. Picard
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
General Interest ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Relationship

The formulation of a policy on land use offers a clear example of the relationship between a bureaucracy and policy formulation. In much of the Third World, and particularly in many African countries, national and local government employees are to all intents and purposes the dominant socioeconomic elite in the country. This would suggest that those who are formulating and implementing a new policy such as that on land use may have the most to gain from the policy which is under examination. Using data from the Southern African country of Botswana, this article examines the relationship between the socioeconomic status of the bureaucracy and the type of land tenure policy which is likely to result. Since the movement from communal to individual tenure of both grazing land and farm land is occurring throughout the African continent, the relationship between bureaucratic interests and public policy is of general interest beyond this specific case study.

scholarly journals The Development of Coastal and Marine

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suharto Widjojo ◽  
Suharjo Suharjo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Marine Communities ◽  
Marine Areas

Planning and development process of oastaland marine resources tends centralized and adopted top down policy, without any active participations from coastal and marine communities. In order to reach integrated and sustainable development in coastaland marine areas, people should have both complete and up to date information, so that planning and decision making for all aspect of the environment can be done easily. People should give a high attention of surveis, mappings, as well as science and technology of coastal and marine sectors, in order to change the paradigm of development from inland to coastal and marine. Moreover, people should give high attention of potential resources of coastal and marine areas.

scholarly journals Decision-making algorithm based on the results of systematic monitoring of forested landscapes in the subsoil use territories of the Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Tat’yana Anatol’evna LEBEDEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Forest Lands

Relevance of the study. Currently, information obtained during monitoring, including monitoring of forest lands, is of particular importance for making informed decisions on the development of natural potential. A feature of these works today is the lack of combination of data collection procedures, their processing with models of structural elements of forest lands, which requires a solution to the problem under consideration. The aim is to form, according to the results of system monitoring, a system of interconnected decision-making algorithms in the field of forest land use in industrial regions. The methodology for the formation of a system of interrelated decision-making algorithms in the field of forest land use in industrial regions is based on the use of mathematical models of natural objects of forest ecosystems, natural phenomena in them and forest-forming processes, on the procedures of a comprehensive assessment and optimization of forest land use in industrial regions in accordance with current provisions of the concept of environmentally sustainable development of territories. Results and their application. The algorithms for decision-making in the use of forest lands based on the results of system monitoring are considered: substantiation of strategic indicators of sustainable development of forest lands in industrial regions in the face of modern challenges and risks; comprehensive ecological and economic assessment of the natural resource potential of forest lands; determination of leeways of permissible use of forest lands in industrial regions in specific climatic and socio-economic conditions; coordination of individual interests of land users on forest lands with public preferences for the development of industrial regions; multi-criteria optimization of the use of forest lands in industrial regions. The main principles of forecasting the parameters of a comprehensive assessment of forest lands, the use of the indicator of consumption of net primary products of forest ecosystems, the sequence of greening the economy of the use of forest lands in industrial regions, justification of concessions to the extreme values of particular criteria in multi-criteria optimization are given. The proposed additional indicators of sustainable development of forest areas in the Middle Urals, the results of calculations on the change in the natural resource potential of forest lands in the subsoil use area are presented; the substantiation of the multicriteria optimization of the use of raw material resources of forest lands is given. Conclusions. The proposed decision-making algorithms in the field of systemic monitoring of forest lands are intellectual support for users in the analysis of information in the field of land relations. They provide a substantive dialogue that allows you to form the necessary information in a user-friendly form, adjust the data processing process and make decisions.

scholarly journals Transformation Capital: The Challenge of Designing and Testing a New Investment Logic for the Sustainable Development Goals

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (MAYO 2020) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Dominic Hofstetter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Real World ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Technical Systems

The most tangible and pressing problems of the 21st century are complex systemic issues. Addressing them requires deep structural changes within the socio-technical systems that constitute modern civilization. As financial capital is an important lever of change in such systems, the way in which we deploy capital affects our ability to accomplish the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. The problem is that today’s capital markets operate under a set of axioms, paradigms, and structures that make them ill-suited to fuel systemic transformations. There is thus a need for an investment logic that deploys capital with a different intent and mindset and with different methodologies, structures, capabilities, and decision-making frameworks. Residing at the intersection of systems thinking and finance practice, Transformation Capital is such a logic. This article introduces Transformation Capital and discusses how it can be tested through real-world prototyping.

The Linkages of Energy, Water, and Land Use in Southeast Asia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Hang Pham Do ◽  
Ariel Dinar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter aims to contribute to understanding the existing knowledge gaps in the linkages of energy, water, and land use in Southeast Asia and explores the political economy of energy transition in the Mekong region (MR). Investigating the struggle over hydropower development and decision-making on water and land across the region, the study shows that countries that are the winners or losers in the hydropower development schemes are not the only ones managing the Mekong; rather, it is part of the region-wide strategy of nations to sustain the MR. The relationship between MR cooperation programmes and China is a main concern, and the chapter discusses the roles of issue linkages as a mechanism for achieving sustainable development.

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