scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Green Spaces in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region in the Past 20 Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaizhi Tang ◽  
Wenping Liu ◽  
Wenju Yun
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Peripheral Areas

Rapid urbanization has caused the reduction of green spaces in most cities, disrupting the structure and process of urban and rural ecosystems. The accurate identification of spatiotemporal changes in green spaces is important to delineate future management and planning. We investigated green space types of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 based on the elevation data and land use/cover for those years. Spatiotemporal changes in these identified green spaces between 1995 and 2015 were evaluated as well as the spatial hotspots of disappeared and unstable green patches. The results indicate that the cultivated land in plains and forests and cultivated land in medium-high mountainous areas were the main green space types in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region during the period from 1995 to 2015. A large number of green spaces, in particular cultivated lands, in the peripheral areas of big cities were replaced by construction sites over the past 20 years. Hotspots of unstable green spaces were mainly distributed in the western and northern mountainous areas of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, where green spaces changed from one type to another. These findings provide an important reference for the management and planning of land and green spaces towards an integrative and collaborative development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

scholarly journals GREEN INDEXING OF HISAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 921-927
Author(s):  
D. Singh ◽  
S. Mondal ◽  
R. S. Hooda
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
World Health ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Relative Deviation ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Urban Green Space (UGS) enhances the structure of the landscape of a city. It provides economic, social and health benefits to the inhabitants. Rapid urbanization and increase in population has put extreme pressure on urban green spaces. Therefore, mapping of urban green spaces is important to facilitate the urban planning sustainably. This study has been taken up to map the UGS in the Hisar Municipal Corporation (HMC) area of Haryana State constituting an area of 4197.32<span class="thinspace"></span>ha using high resolution LISS-IV data of November, 2017. Three different methods namely (a) Onscreen Digitization (b) Support Vector Machine-based classification (SVM) and (c) Multi Resolution Segmentation (MRS) have been tested to extract the green spaces. The onscreen digitization method has been considered as best method as compared to SVM and MRS because of the intervention of human mind and full control on manual editing. The SVM under estimated the green space for HMC with average relative deviation of 15%. However, it extracted the green area precisely without mixing of open spaces. MRS have given good results in terms of total area (relative deviation was 5%), however, spatial distribution of green spaces have been mixed with open spaces. The study identified the green index of HMC and suggested the suitability and sustainability of the city based on World Health Organization (WHO) defined standards. Green space for Hisar Municipal Corporation was 1690.96<span class="thinspace"></span>ha with average urban green space index of 0.40. Per capita green cover for HMC was 9.69<span class="thinspace"></span>m<sup>2</sup>/inhabitant, which is as per the standard reported by WHO i.e. 9<span class="thinspace"></span>m<sup>2</sup>/inhabitant. Further study may suggest some other algorithm for better results and automatic green space extraction.</p>

scholarly journals Temporal Changes of Per Capita Green Space of Colombo District, Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Pgrni Pussella
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Ndvi Differencing

Green spaces take part a vital role in reducing the harmful effects occurred through the process of rapid urbanization. This study focuses on evaluating the change of green space and per capita green space in Colombo District, Sri Lanka in between 2008 and 2015 using Landsat images. The NDVI differencing method and classification method were used to detect the change of land cover. According to the results, a gradual decline of green space from 629.1km2 to 591.16km2 with a rate of 6.03% can be depicted. The change is considerable in Kaduwela, Moratuwa and Maharagama DSDs and quite better in the areas such as Avissawella, Homagama and Padukka. The per capita green space has been decreased from 272.361 m2 to 248.811 m2. Though these rates are very well higher than the UN, EU and WHO standards for the district, Colombo DSD do not comply with UN and EU standards. The case would turn into worst in 2025, as the predictions with current rates. Therefore, the study recommends taking immediate actions to make a greener city. Further, a tax system is proposed to get the attraction of the general public.

scholarly journals Urban Public Green Space Equity against the Context of High-Speed Urbanization in Wuhan, Central China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9394
Author(s):  
Hongzan Jiao ◽  
Chengcong Li ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zhenghong Peng
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Central China ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Public Green Space

This study examines the relationship between equity of public green space and urban expansion/sprawl under high-speed urbanization. Equity of urban public green space indicates the degree to which urban public green spaces are distributed spatially in an equal way, with regard to the spatial variation of residents’ “need” for green space. In emerging economies such as China, especially in developing or underdeveloped cities such as Wuhan, central China, rapid urban growth challenges the capacity of the state to provide infrastructure and services for its urbanites equally. In order to research the relationship between industrial development and green space equity under the background of rapid urbanization, the use of quantitative methods to more accurately measure the degree of spatial inequality is essential. In this study, the accessibility of urban public green space in Wuhan is examined based on the two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA) method at multilevel radius; the urban public green space accessibility of Wuhan in 2013 and 2016 are acquired, and the link between changes in accessibility of urban public green spaces and urban expansion in Wuhan is discussed. It is found that industrial development takes precedence over green space. With its vigorous development, industrial land attracts increasing population, resulting in the drastic decline of the service capacity of green spaces, which is not conducive to the long-term development of the city.

scholarly journals Using SPOT Data and FRAGSTAS to Analyze the Relationship between Plant Diversity and Green Space Landscape Patterns in the Tropical Coastal City of Zhanjiang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3477
Author(s):  
Xia-Lan Cheng ◽  
Mir Muhammad Nizamani ◽  
C.Y. Jim ◽  
Kelly Balfour ◽  
Liang-Jun Da ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Spot Data

Urban green spaces provide a host of ecosystem services, the quantity and structure of which play an important role in human well-being. Rapid urbanization may modify urban green spaces, having various effects on plant diversity. Tropical coastal cities have urbanized rapidly in recent decades, but few studies have been conducted with a focus on their green spaces. We studied the responses of cultivated and spontaneous plants, both key components of urban flora, to the landscape structure of urban green spaces and possible social drivers. We analyzed existing relationships between plant diversity indices, urban green space landscape metrics (using Systeme Probatoire d’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) data,), and social factors, including the type, population density, construction age, and GPS coordinates of each Urban Functional Unit, or UFU. We found that UFUs with more green space patches had higher cultivated and spontaneous species richness than those with fewer green space patches. Spontaneous species richness decreased when green space patches became fragmented, and it increased when green space patches were more connected (e.g., via land bridges). Conversely, cultivated species richness increased with green space patch fragmentation. The phylogenetic diversity of both cultivated and spontaneous plants were weakly associated with green space structure, which was strongly driven by land use. Old UFUs and those with larger populations had more green space patches overall, although they tended to be small and fragmented. Green space patch density was found to increase as the UFU age increased. From the viewpoint of knowledge transfer, understanding the effects and drivers of landscape patterns of urban green spaces could inform the development of improved policies and management of urban green space areas.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Urban Green Space Influenced by Rapid Urbanization and Land Use Policies in Shanghai

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Song Liu ◽  
Xinsu Zhang ◽  
Yongjiu Feng ◽  
Huan Xie ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
The Past ◽  
Land Use Policies

Urbanization has led to the continuous expansion of built-up areas and the ever-growing urban population, threatening the quantity and quality of urban green space (UGS). Exploring the spatiotemporal variations of UGS is substantially conducive to the formulation of land-use policies to protect the ecosystems. As one of the largest megacities all around the world, Shanghai has experienced rapid urbanization in the past three decades. Insights into how UGS changes in response to urbanization and greening policies are essential for guiding sustainable urban development. This paper employed integrated approaches to characterize the changing patterns and intensities of green space in Shanghai, China from 1990 to 2015. The spatiotemporal dynamics of the UGS pattern were derived through four main methods: green space ratio, dynamic change degree (DCD), transition matrix and landscape metrics. The results showed that Shanghai’s green space decreased from 84.8% in 1990 to 61.9% in 2015 while the built-up areas increased from 15.0% to 36.5%. Among the green space sub-types, farmland was largely encroached and fragmented by urban sprawl, especially in the Outer Ring Expressway and Suburban Ring Expressway belts of the city. About 1522 km2 of the green space has transferred into built-up areas, followed by farmland, waterbody, forest, and grassland in descending order. The 2000–2010 period witnessed the strong urban expansion and dramatic changes in UGS, but then the change around 2015 turned down and stable. The landscape pattern metrics showed that the entire green space in Shanghai was growingly fragmented and isolated during the past 25 years. Combined with the green space-related planning and policies issued in 1990–2015, the results revealed that both rapid urbanization and greening policies accounted for the spatiotemporal dynamics of UGS. Based on the results, some implicants to new urban planning and policies of Shanghai were highlighted.

scholarly journals The influence of city planning on the emergence of heat islands in megacities with a tropical climate (Hanoi)

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Minh Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Introduction. Rapid urbanization causes critical changes in global, as well as changes in earth surface temperature. The transformation of land use purposes significantly affects the surface temperature and exacerbates the effect of the negative heat island. Therefore, it is important to conduct a study to optimize urban cooling. Gives town-planning recommendations for limiting the negative impact of urban heat islands (UHI) on human. Analyzing urban and suburban planning in the city of Hanoi, the author proposes the use of certain town-planning principles that contribute to reducing the effect UHI. Materials and methods. This study is focused on green space using as a means of combating environmental problems due to the effect of urban heat island and creating a favorable urban ecological environment. The definition of the relationship between the ratio of green spaces and a decrease in temperature is given. The analysis was taken from 21 green spaces of the city of Hanoi. Results. The study showed a relationship between the intensity of heat reduction and the shape indicator of green space - a linear inverted system and the positive effect of the green zone on reducing the effects of heat island. Conclusions. One of the most important tasks of a city planner is the placement and adjustment of industrial zones of the city, the main transport arteries of the city, meaning that the placement and planning of industrial, residential and public territories, and also the system of roads depends on the formation of “heat islands”, which in the tropical climate of Vietnam, adversely affects human health.

Spatiotemporal Changes of Riverbed and Surrounding Environment in Yongding River (Beijing section) in the Past 40 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 40407-1-40407-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Pang ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Tri Dev Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Yongding River

Abstract Yongding River is one of the five major river systems in Beijing. It is located to the west of Beijing. It has influenced culture along its basin. The river supports both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, it influences economic development, water conservation, and the natural environment. However, during the past few decades, due to the combined effect of increasing population and economic activities, a series of changes have led to problems such as the reduction in water volume and the exposure of the riverbed. In this study, remote sensing images were used to derive land cover maps and compare spatiotemporal changes during the past 40 years. As a result, the following data were found: forest changed least; cropland area increased to a large extent; bareland area was reduced by a maximum of 63%; surface water area in the study area was lower from 1989 to 1999 because of the excessive use of water in human activities, but it increased by 92% from 2010 to 2018 as awareness about protecting the environment arose; there was a small increase in the built-up area, but this was more planned. These results reveal that water conservancy construction, agroforestry activities, and increasing urbanization have a great impact on the surrounding environment of the Yongding River (Beijing section). This study discusses in detail how the current situation can be attributed to of human activities, policies, economic development, and ecological conservation Furthermore, it suggests improvement by strengthening the governance of the riverbed and the riverside. These results and discussion can be a reference and provide decision support for the management of southwest Beijing or similar river basins in peri-urban areas.

scholarly journals Urban Form Resilience: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional, Semi-Planned, and Planned Neighborhoods in Shiraz, Iran

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ayyoob Sharifi ◽  
Maryam Roosta ◽  
Masoud Javadpoor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Heat Events

As cities are exposed to a portfolio of risks, the concept of resilience has risen to prominence over the past two decades. Consequently, a large volume of research has been published on different aspects of urban resilience. However, urban form resilience is still relatively understudied. As a step toward filling this gap, this study examines resilience of nine selected neighborhoods from Shiraz, an old Iranian city. The selected cases represent three different urban form patterns, namely, traditional, semi-planned, and planned. Different indicators related to the physical configuration of lots, blocks, open and green spaces, and street networks are used to examine resilience of each neighborhood to three major stressors, namely, earthquakes, extreme heat events, and floods. Additionally, a combination of Shannon entropy and the VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizcija I Kaompromisno Resenje in Serbian) method is used to rank the resilience of each neighborhood to each of the three stressors. Results show that, overall, the physical form of the planned neighborhoods is more conducive to urban resilience. In contrast, the urban form of traditional neighborhoods was found to be less resilient. There were, however, some variations depending on the type of stressor considered. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need to consider social and economic factors in future studies of urban form resilience.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Equity and Regional Management of Some Urban Green Space Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Main Urban Area of Xi’an City

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Hui Dang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yumeng Zhang ◽  
Zixiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Xi’An City

Urban green spaces can provide many types of ecosystem services for residents. An imbalance in the pattern of green spaces leads to an inequality of the benefits of such spaces. Given the current situation of environmental problems and the basic geographical conditions of Xi’an City, this study evaluated and mapped four kinds of ecosystem services from the perspective of equity: biodiversity, carbon sequestration, air purification, and climate regulation. Regionalization with dynamically constrained agglomerative clustering and partitioning (REDCAP) was used to obtain the partition groups of ecosystem services. The results indicate that first, the complexity of the urban green space community is low, and the level of biodiversity needs to be improved. The dry deposition flux of particulate matter (PM2.5) decreases from north to south, and green spaces enhance the adsorption of PM2.5. Carbon sequestration in the south and east is higher than that in the north and west, respectively. The average surface temperature in green spaces is lower than that in other urban areas. Second, urban green space resources in the study area are unevenly distributed. Therefore, ecosystem services in different areas are inequitable. Finally, based on the regionalization of integrated ecosystem services, an ecosystem services cluster was developed. This included 913 grid spaces, 12 partitions, and 5 clusters, which can provide a reference for distinct levels of ecosystem services management. This can assist urban managers who can use these indicators of ecosystem service levels for planning and guiding the overall development pattern of green spaces. The benefits would be a maximization of the ecological functions of green spaces, an improvement of the sustainable development of the city, and an improvement of people’s well-being.

scholarly journals Is Brief Exposure to Green Space in School the Best Option to Improve Attention in Children?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7484
Author(s):  
Asier Anabitarte ◽  
Gonzalo García-Baquero ◽  
Ainara Andiarena ◽  
Nerea Lertxundi ◽  
Nerea Urbieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
School Children ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Before And After

The positive effects of Green Spaces on health are thought to be achieved through the mechanisms of mitigation, instoration and restoration. One of the benefits of Green Spaces may be the restoration of attention and so the objective of this research is testing empirically whether exposure to a green environment improves attention in school children. For so doing, we first used a split-unit statistical design in each of four schools, then combined the primary results via meta-analysis. The Attention Network Test (ANT) was used to measure attention before and after exposure and a total of 167 seven-year-old students participated in the experiments. Overall, our experimental results do not support the hypothesis that students’ exposure to activities in green vs. grey spaces affected their performance in ANT. This was so despite the fact that neither age nor gender biases have been detected and despite that our experiments have been proved to be sufficiently statistically powerful. It would be advisable to consider air pollution and noise. We also recommend that participants attend the experiment with mental exhaustion to maximize the ability to detect significant changes.

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