scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Urban Green Space Influenced by Rapid Urbanization and Land Use Policies in Shanghai

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Song Liu ◽  
Xinsu Zhang ◽  
Yongjiu Feng ◽  
Huan Xie ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
The Past ◽  
Land Use Policies

Urbanization has led to the continuous expansion of built-up areas and the ever-growing urban population, threatening the quantity and quality of urban green space (UGS). Exploring the spatiotemporal variations of UGS is substantially conducive to the formulation of land-use policies to protect the ecosystems. As one of the largest megacities all around the world, Shanghai has experienced rapid urbanization in the past three decades. Insights into how UGS changes in response to urbanization and greening policies are essential for guiding sustainable urban development. This paper employed integrated approaches to characterize the changing patterns and intensities of green space in Shanghai, China from 1990 to 2015. The spatiotemporal dynamics of the UGS pattern were derived through four main methods: green space ratio, dynamic change degree (DCD), transition matrix and landscape metrics. The results showed that Shanghai’s green space decreased from 84.8% in 1990 to 61.9% in 2015 while the built-up areas increased from 15.0% to 36.5%. Among the green space sub-types, farmland was largely encroached and fragmented by urban sprawl, especially in the Outer Ring Expressway and Suburban Ring Expressway belts of the city. About 1522 km2 of the green space has transferred into built-up areas, followed by farmland, waterbody, forest, and grassland in descending order. The 2000–2010 period witnessed the strong urban expansion and dramatic changes in UGS, but then the change around 2015 turned down and stable. The landscape pattern metrics showed that the entire green space in Shanghai was growingly fragmented and isolated during the past 25 years. Combined with the green space-related planning and policies issued in 1990–2015, the results revealed that both rapid urbanization and greening policies accounted for the spatiotemporal dynamics of UGS. Based on the results, some implicants to new urban planning and policies of Shanghai were highlighted.

scholarly journals An Investigation on Shenzhen Urban Green Space Changes and Their Effect on Local Eco-Environment in Recent Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12549
Author(s):  
Yue Liu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Cheng Zhong ◽  
Xueye Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Green Space ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Surface Wetness

Rapid urbanization and population growth impact enormous pressures on urban natural, economic and social environments. The quantitative analysis of urban green space (UGS) landscape dynamics and their impact on the urban eco-environment is of great significance for urban planning and eco-environment protection. Taking Shenzhen as an example, the UGS landscape changes and their impact on urban heat islands (UHI), surface wetness, air pollution and carbon storage were comprehensively investigated with Landsat and MODIS images. Results showed a large number of lands transferring from UGS to non-UGS from 1978 to 2018, especially for cropland. Built-up regions have adverse influences on eco-environment factors, and then they suffer high SUHI and AOD and low humidity and carbon storage. The growth of built-up areas not only enlarges the area of SUHI, but also enhances the intensity of heat islands. On the contrary, UGS patches have beneficial influences on all eco-environment factors and then enjoy a better eco-environment, including low SUHII, high surface wetness, high carbon storage and low AOD. It is expected that this study could provide scientific support for UGS plans and for conserving and sustainable urban development for developing cities.

scholarly journals Study on Spatial-Temporal Change of Urban Green Space in Yangtze River Economic Belt and Its Driving Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12498
Author(s):  
Chunyu Chen ◽  
Linglan Bi ◽  
Kuanfan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Green

Urban green space plays an important role in beautifying the environment, improving the quality of life of residents, and promoting sustainable urban development. Rapid urbanization has led to great changes in the spatial structure and layout of urban green space. It is urgent to put forward the sustainable development strategy of green space through the research on the change of urban green space. Based on the geographical spatial differences of urban green space and integrating the factors of economy, society, industry, land use, and the environment, we constructed a research framework of “space-supply-demand” integration of urban green space by GI and geodetector methods, and we conducted an empirical study on the spatial–temporal changes of urban green space and its driving mechanism in prefecture-level cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China. First, the urban green space along the Yangtze River Economic Belt is concentrated in spatial distribution, while uneven development appears in urban greening among the zones. Second, the influence of different factors on urban green space change varies greatly and can be divided into three types: key factors, important factors, and auxiliary factors. The driving mechanism of the spatial distribution of urban green space supply and demand is quite different, but urban population and commercial service facilities land are their key influence factors, having a comprehensive influence on the spatial–temporal changes of urban green space. Third, the factors are classified into three categories of high, medium, and low levels according to the mean of interacting forces; in particular, the factors of per capita GDP, utility land, industrial smoke (dust) emissions, and other factors have a very strong interactive effect with other factors. Fourth, according to the spatial distribution characteristics of urban green space and its driving mechanism, this paper puts forward planning and policy suggestions, providing reference for other areas to deal with the green space change.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Urban Green Space: Evidence of Environmental Injustice in Adama, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Flanagan ◽  
Kristoffer Mattisson ◽  
John Walles ◽  
Asmamaw Abera ◽  
Axel Eriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Injustice ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

While air pollution data in Ethiopia is limited, existing studies indicate high levels of both ambient and household air pollution; rapid urbanization also threatens the preservation of urban green spaces. In this study, environmental injustice, or the disproportionate burden of environmental exposures on persons of lower socioeconomic status (SES), was explored among women in Ethiopia using a mother and child cohort from the city of Adama. Land-use regression models were previously developed for modeling ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) throughout Adama, while household air pollution (cooking fuel type) and the presence of green space were assessed through questionnaires and home visits, respectively. The odds of being exposed to these environmental factors were analyzed in association with two SES indicators, education and occupation, using logistic regression. Our results indicate the presence of environmental injustice in Adama, as women with lower SES shouldered a higher burden of air pollution exposure and enjoyed less urban green space than their higher SES counterparts. These findings encourage the prioritization of air quality control and urban planning resources toward policy action within lower SES areas. From a societal perspective, our results also support more upstream interventions, including investment in educational and occupational opportunities. Still, a human rights approach is emphasized, as governments are responsible for protecting the right to a clean environment, especially for those disproportionately exposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on environmental injustice in Ethiopia, and the first in Sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the inequalities of ambient and household air pollution exposure as well as urban green space access in the same cohort.

scholarly journals Depletion of Urban Green Space and Its Adverse Effect: A Case of Kumasi, the Former Garden City of West- Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Essel
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Green Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
The Impact

Incorporating greenery has been a vital aspect of city planning. Landscape planning has been a vital aspect of city planning since the 19th Century. Since then, landscape planning has become a social necessity. Assessing the impact of the decline in urban green space is very important. Hence, using Kumasi as a case study largely fit due to the decline of the city’s urban green space. Based on this the study assessed the Landcover change between 2000 to 2010 and projected the Landcover/land use for 2020. It also analyzed the temperature recordings from 2000 to 2016. The result revealed that the city has lost 19.59 km2 and 33.39 km2 of forest and agriculture lands respectively. It was also projected that it will further decline to 0.7 km2 and 8.2 km2 respectively. Among the various Landcover classes, agriculture lands were the most delicate land use which suffers massive decline in acreage. Moreover, the adverse effect of the decline in green spaces has been evident in high temperatures, unattractive environment, and atmospheric pollution. In the last decade (2000-2010), the city’s temperature increased by 0.2oC but has dropped in the past six years (2010-2016). Nevertheless, it doesn’t suggest that the impact of the heat waves has reduced due to the reduction in temperature. Conversely, the impact has increased due to the absence of tree cover. Ultimately, Kumasi’s landscape has depleted and has lost a touch of vegetation, hence appropriate measure needs to be put in place. 

scholarly journals Challenges of Urban Green Space and Its Accessibility in Planning District-12, Mysuru City

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Yashaswini S* ◽  
Shankar B
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Green Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City

Improving the Accessibility of Urban Green Space (UGS) is an integral part of city planning system. People with better access to green space enjoy a wide range of health benefits. Therefore, it is a crucial element to be taken care and nourished in a land use framework. Mysore City is one of the planned large cities in India. The City had a population of about 0.9 million in 2011 and it is estimated to cross the million mark by 2021. There is a growing consciousness on health and wellbeing among the people resulting an increasing demand for urban green spaces both at neighbourhood and city levels. The accessibility helps in promoting usage of UGS and maintaining the balance in environment within the city areas. The main aim of this paper is to study the existing scenario of the UGS within the planning district-12 and to analyse the green space accessibility. The land use of Mysuru city is analysed to understand the city and the micro level land use analysis of Planning district-12 is made. The existing scenario of the UGS within the study area and its accessibility is analysed using different accessibility indicators. Considering the key findings, issues and challenges are identified. Later the suggestions and recommendations for the identified issues is proposed to enhance the green spaces quality and accessibility at neighbourhood levels. The Accessible Natural Green space Standard (ANGst) type of accessibility analysis has been carried to know UGS functionality. Henceforth urban green space network at Planning District levels (local levels) in the City of Mysuru is prepared as a model which can be implemented to the city as whole at the later stages

scholarly journals Implementation and Evaluation of Urban Green Space Supply for Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awlachew Dejen Dejen ◽  
Ayele Behaylu Yitagesu ◽  
Dodge Getachew Aysassa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
The Town

Abstract Urban green space (UGS) is part of urban land covered with vegetation which has an immense benefit for sustainable urban development. The main objective of this study was urban green space supply analysis and evaluation for Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia. To realize this objective, we generated UGSs information by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which was calculated from Sentinel 2 satellite image. Then, the result of NDVI calculation was classified as small vegetation and high vegetation with over all accuracy of 87.29% and kappa value of 0.808. According to the result, there are 15.85% and 1.55% supply of urban green space for small and high vegetation respectively. In addition, the UGS supply in inner and outer part of the town for each land use was quantified. The result showed that in the inner part of the town, service, green area, and vacant land uses have 30.12%, 30.06%, and 13.32% of UGS supply respectively. Conversely, recreation, commercial, and administration land uses are least supplied with 0.11%, 0.26%, and 0.40% share of UGS. Furthermore, the UGS supply was evaluated against the new urban planning strategy of Ethiopia (30% coverage) and World Health Organization standard (9m2 per person). The coverage of small vegetation and high vegetation was 15.85% and 1.55% respectively. The UGS per capita for small vegetation was about 75.16m2 while the value for high vegetation was 7.33m2. The results of our analysis can be used as an input for urban planning and master plan revision.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing–Based Urban Green Space Detection Using Marine Predators Algorithm Optimized Machine Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Nhat-Duc Hoang ◽  
Xuan-Linh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Marine Predators ◽  
Sentinel 2

Information regarding the current status of urban green space is crucial for urban land-use planning and management. This study proposes a remote sensing and data-driven solution for urban green space detection at regional scale via employment of state-of-the-art metaheuristic and machine learning approaches. Remotely sensed data obtained from Sentinel 2 satellite in the study area of Da Nang city (Vietnam) are used to construct and verify an intelligent model that hybridizes Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) and support vector machines (SVM). SVM are employed to generalize a decision boundary that separates features characterizing statistical measurements of remote sensing data into two categories of “green space” and “nongreen space”. The MPA metaheuristic is used to optimize the SVM training phase by identifying an appropriate set of the SVM’s hyperparameters including the penalty coefficient and the kernel function parameter. Experimental results show that the proposed model which processes information provided by all of the Sentinel 2 satellite’s spectral bands can deliver a better performance than those obtained from the model based on vegetation indices. With a good classification accuracy rate of roughly 93%, an F1 score = 0.93, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic = 0.98, the newly developed model is a promising tool to assist local authority to obtain up-to-date information on urban green space and develop plans of sustainable urban land use.

scholarly journals Urban Green Space Suitability Evaluation Based on the AHP-CV Combined Weight Method: A Case Study of Fuping County, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Li ◽  
Zhengxi Fan ◽  
Shiguang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Central City ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Suitability Evaluation ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Weight Method

Urban green space (UGS) provides critical ecosystem services and alleviates environmental problems caused by rapid urbanization. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is recognized as a traditional technique to identify the weight of the UGS suitability evaluation. We reveal the limitations of the AHP method for its subjectivity and uncertainty. Then, we introduce the AHP and coefficient of variation (AHP-CV) combined weight method to better evaluate the suitability of UGS. Based on the principle of minimum information entropy, the AHP-CV combined weight method takes advantage of both the AHP and CV methods, thus keeping a good balance between subjectivity and objectivity. We used the green space system planning of Fuping County in China as a case study. A new evaluation index system was established using 4 aspects. Our results show that high-suitability areas are mainly distributed around the northern mountainous regions, 2 important rivers and the outer areas of the central city. By comparing the UGS suitability evaluation results obtained by the AHP, CV, and AHP-CV combined weight methods, we found that the AHP-CV method was optimal. Therefore, the AHP-CV combined weight method will not only enrich spatial Multi-Criteria Decision-Making techniques but also have a wide application in the related fields of land-use planning.

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