scholarly journals Fossil Carbon Fraction and Measuring Cycle for Sewage Sludge Waste Incineration

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2790
Author(s):  
Seongmin Kang ◽  
Changsang Cho ◽  
Ki-Hyun Kim ◽  
Eui-chan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Fossil Carbon ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Yearly Period

In this study, the fossil carbon contents of the two facilities were analyzed using 10 or more samples for each facility from June 2013 to March 2015. In addition, the optimal measurement period was calculated from the analyzed fossil carbon contents using a statistical method. As a result of the analysis, the fossil carbon contents were found to be less than 35%, indicating that the biomass content of sewage sludge was not 100%. The fossil carbon content could be representative of using yearly period measurements value. When calculating Green house gas (GHG) emissions from waste incineration, South Korea has been calculating only Non-CO2 emissions because it regarded the CO2 emitted in GHGs from sewage sludge (SS) incineration facilities as originating from biomass. However, biomass of the sewage sludge incineration facility is not 100%, so it is necessary to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions considering the fossil carbon content. Therefore, there is a need to increase the reliability of the greenhouse gas inventory by conducting further studies (such as CO2 concentration analysis) related to the calculation of CO2 emissions for the relevant facilities (sewage sludge incinerator).

scholarly journals A Study on Applying Biomass Fraction for GHG Emission Estimation of Sewage Sludge Incinerator in Korea: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongmin Kang ◽  
Seungjin Kim ◽  
Jeongwoo Lee ◽  
Youngjae Jeon ◽  
Ki-Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Fossil Carbon ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Entire Amount

According to the IPCC guidelines, CO2 emissions from biomass should be excluded from the entire amount of CO2 emissions when calculating CO2 emissions and should be separately reported due to the “carbon neutrality.” Sewage sludge is one of the representative biomass fuels. And it is mixed with fossil fuels in terms of greenhouse gas reduction or is used as fuel to replace fossil fuels by itself. According to the results of this study, biomass contents of both the sewage sludge and the sewage sludge incineration exhaust gases did not amount to 100%. At present, in many countries(South Korea, Japan, and Germany), when calculating greenhouse gas emissions from sewage sludge incinerator, all CO2 emissions from sewage sludge are judged to be biomass and only those greenhouse gas emissions that correspond to Non-CO2 gases are calculated as greenhouse gas emissions. However, since, according our results, the content of sewage sludge is not 100% biomass, if CO2 emissions are excluded according to the existing greenhouse gas emission calculation method, the amount of emissions may be underestimated. Therefore, to accurately calculate greenhouse gas emissions from sewage sludge incinerator, CO2 emissions should be calculated in consideration of the fossil carbon contents of sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Estimating the Characteristics and Emission Factor of Ammonia from Sewage Sludge Incinerator

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2539
Author(s):  
Seongmin Kang ◽  
Joonyoung Roh ◽  
Eui-Chan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Uncertainty Range ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Secondary Substances

In the case of sewage sludge, as direct landfilling was recently prohibited, it is treated through incineration. Among the air pollutants discharged through the incineration of sewage sludge, NOx and SOx are considered secondary substances of PM2.5 and are being managed accordingly. However, NH3, another of the secondary substances of PM2.5, is not well managed, and the amount of NH3 discharged from sewage sludge incineration facilities has not been calculated. Therefore, in this study, we sought to determine whether NH3 is discharged in the exhaust gas of a sewage sludge incineration facility, and, when discharged, the NH3 emission factor was calculated, and the necessity of the development of the emission factor was reviewed. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the amount of NH3 discharged from the sewage sludge incineration facility was 0.04 to 4.47 ppm, and the emission factor was calculated as 0.002 kg NH3/ton. The NH3 emission factor was compared with the NH3 emission factor of municipal solid waste proposed by EMEP/EEA (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Environment Agency) because the NH3 emission factor of the sewage sludge incineration facility had not been previously determined. As a result of the comparison, the NH3 emission factor of EMEP/EEA was similar to that of municipal solid waste, confirming the necessity of developing the NH3 emission factor of the sewage sludge incineration facility. In addition, the evaluation of the uncertainty of the additionally calculated NH3 emission factor was conducted quantitatively and the uncertainty range was presented for reference. In the future, it is necessary to improve the reliability of the NH3 emission factor of sewage sludge incineration facilities by performing additional analysis with statistical representation. In addition, the development of NH3 emission factors for industrial waste incineration facilities should be undertaken.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Poultry Litter Amendment on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Kelsey Anderson ◽  
Philip A. Moore ◽  
Jerry Martin ◽  
Amanda J. Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Poultry Facilities

Gaseous emissions from poultry litter causes production problems for producers as well as the environment, by contributing to climate change and reducing air quality. Novel methods of reducing ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in poultry facilities are needed. As such, our research evaluated GHG emissions over a 42 d period. Three separate flocks of 1000 broilers were used for this study. The first flock was used only to produce litter needed for the experiment. The second and third flocks were allocated to 20 pens in a randomized block design with four replicated of five treatments. The management practices studied included an unamended control; a conventional practice of incorporating aluminum sulfate (referred to as alum) at 98 kg/100 m2); a novel litter amendment made from alum mud, bauxite, and sulfuric acid (alum mud litter amendment, AMLA) applied at different rates (49 and 98 kg/100 m2) and methods (surface applied or incorporated). Nitrous oxide emissions were low for all treatments in flocks 2 and 3 (0.40 and 0.37 mg m2 hr−1, respectively). The formation of caked litter (due to excessive moisture) during day 35 and 42 caused high variability in CH4 and CO2 emissions. Alum mud litter amendment and alum did not significantly affect GHGs emissions from litter, regardless of the amendment rate or application method. In fact, litter amendments such as alum and AMLA typically lower GHG emissions from poultry facilities by reducing ventilation requirements to maintain air quality in cooler months due to lower NH3 levels, resulting in less propane use and concomitant reductions in CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation Analysis Method of GHG at Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7425
Author(s):  
Seongmin Kang ◽  
Joonyoung Roh ◽  
Eui-chan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Waste Composition

The greenhouse gas emissions of the waste incineration sector account for approximately 43% of the total GHG emissions and represent the majority of the CO2 emissions from waste in Korea. Improving the reliability of the GHG inventory of the waste incineration sector is an important aspect for the examination of global GHG emission management according to the Paris Agreement. In this study, we introduced a statistical approach to analyze seasonal changes through analysis of waste composition and CO2 concentration in Municipal Solid Waste incinerators and applied the methodology to one case study facility. The analysis results in the case study showed that there was no seasonal variation in waste composition and CO2 concentrations, except for wood. Wood is classified as biomass, and the GHG emissions caused by biomass incineration are reported separately, indicating that the effect of an MSW incinerator on GHG emissions is not significant. Therefore, the seasonal effect of CO2 concentration or waste composition may not be an impact when calculating GHG emissions from case study facilities’ MSW incinerators. This study proposed an approach for analyzing factors that affect the GHG inventory reliability by analyzing seasonal characteristics and variation through the statistical analysis, which are used for the calculation of the GHG emissions of an MSW incinerator.

scholarly journals Emission Characteristics of Greenhouse Gas N2O from Sewage Sludge Incineration Process.

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-277
Author(s):  
MOTOYUKI MIZUOCHI ◽  
KAZUAKI SATO ◽  
YUHEI INAMORI ◽  
MASATOSHI MATSUMURA
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Incineration Process

scholarly journals Informing urban climate planning with high resolution data: the Hestia fossil fuel CO2 emissions for Baltimore, Maryland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Scott Roest ◽  
Kevin R Gurney ◽  
Scot M Miller ◽  
Jianming Liang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Atmospheric Monitoring

Abstract Background Cities contribute more than 70% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and are leading the effort to reduce GHG emissions through sustainable planning and development. However, urban greenhouse gas mitigation often relies on self-reported emissions estimates that may be incomplete and unverifiable via atmospheric monitoring. We present the Hestia Scope 1 fossil fuel CO2 emissions for the city of Baltimore, Maryland – a gridded annual and hourly emissions data product for 2010 through 2015.Results The emissions in the base year of 2011 totaled 1431.5 kt C, with the largest emissions coming from onroad (35.0% of total city emissions), commercial (18.3%), residential (16.7%), and industrial (12.6%) sectors. Scope 1 electricity production and marine shipping were each generally less than 10% of the city’s total emissions. Baltimore’s self-reported Scope 1 emissions of 1,182.6 kt C were 22.8% lower than Hestia-Baltimore emission in 2014, largely due to the omission of petroleum consumption in buildings and several sectors that largely fall outside the city’s regulatory purview – industrial point sources, marine shipping, nonroad vehicles, rail, and aircraft.Conclusions We emphasize the need for comprehensive, Scope 1-only emissions estimates for emissions verification and measuring progress towards greenhouse gas mitigation goals using atmospheric monitoring, but we also acknowledge that city planners may desire a greater mix of scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions with an emphasis on activities under local policy control.

COMBUSTION ENERGY AND FOSSIL (NON-BIOBASED) CO2 EMISSIONS FROM RUBBER COMPOUNDS UNDER COMPLETE COMBUSTION BY BOMB CALORIMETER BASED ON ISO 20463 METHODS

2020 ◽  
pp. 000-000
Author(s):  
Masao Kunioka ◽  
Akira Saito ◽  
Mari Nakajima ◽  
Shunji Araki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Combustion Energy ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Rubber Compounds

ABSTRACT Combustion energy (gross calorific value) and total CO2 emissions from 11 model rubber compounds, polyurethane, and other materials related to rubber products during a one-time complete combustion were measured sequentially using methods in accordance with ISO 20463 using a bomb calorimeter. Eleven model rubber compounds and biobased polyurethane were prepared for these measurements. The combustion energies of the model rubber compounds were found to be 27 900 to 40 700 J/g. These measured combustion energies, after subtraction of the combustion energy of carbon black (CBK), were related linearly to the carbon content of these samples without CBK. A difference in the combustion energy of rubber products and that of CBK was observed. From these results, an estimation via the calculation of the combustion energy of the rubber products was developed from the formulation of the rubber product. Total CO2 emissions could be calculated by the results of total volume and the CO2 concentration of combustion gas collected from a bomb used for the measurement of combustion energies. The total CO2 emissions of these samples were 1.83 to 3.02 g/g. The relationship between total CO2 emission from model rubber compounds and the theoretical CO2 emission calculated from the carbon content of these samples was linear. It was found that these methods had high precision. High reproducibility of the methods for such measurement was confirmed by the use of a round-robin test, which was carried out by six Japanese chemical laboratories.

Influence of photoperiod on carbon dioxide and methane emissions from two pilot-scale stabilization ponds

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1930-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Silva ◽  
José L. Ruiz ◽  
Miguel R. Peña ◽  
Henk Lubberding ◽  
Huub Gijzen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Static Chamber

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2, CH4) from pilot-scale algal and duckweed-based ponds (ABP and DBP) were measured using the static chamber methodology. Daylight and nocturnal variations of GHG and wastewater characteristics (e.g. chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH) were determined via sampling campaigns during midday (12:30–15:30) and midnight (00:30–03:30) periods. The results showed that under daylight conditions in ABP median emissions were −232 mg CO2 m−2 d−1 and 9.9 mg CH4 m−2 d−1, and in DBP median emissions were −1,654.5 mg CO2 m−2 d−1 and 71.4 mg CH4 m−2 d−1, respectively. During nocturnal conditions ABP median emissions were 3,949.9 mg CO2 m−2 d−1, 12.7 mg CH4 m−2 d−1, and DBP median emissions were 5,116 mg CO2 m−2 d−1, 195.2 mg CH4 m−2 d−1, respectively. Once data measured during daylight were averaged together with nocturnal data the median emissions for ABP were 1,566.8 mg CO2 m−2 d−1 and 72.1 mg CH4 m−2 d−1, whilst for DBP they were 3,016.9 mg CO2 m−2 d− and 178.9 mg CH4 m−2 d−1, respectively. These figures suggest that there were significant differences between CO2 emissions measured during daylight and nocturnal periods (p < 0.05). This shows a sink-like behaviour for both ABP and DBP in the presence of solar light, which indicates the influence of photosynthesis in CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the fluxes of CH4 indicated that DBP and ABP behave as net sources of CH4 during day and night, although higher emissions were observed from DBP. Overall, according to the compound average (daylight and nocturnal emissions) both ABP and DBP systems might be considered as net sources of GHG.

Methodology for the assessment of the greenhouse gas impact of wastewater sludge treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Åkerman ◽  
A. Massagué ◽  
S. Mehier ◽  
E. Senante ◽  
I. Escaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Change Impact

Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions from the wastewater sector represent the second largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the waste sector. A protocol has been developed to measure GHG from sewage sludge treatment. GHG measurements were performed on two industrial sewage sludge composting plants. Measurement campaigns showed GHG emissions range between 0.18 to 3.40 kgCH4\t dry sludge and 0.74 to 0.48 kg N2O\t dry sludge. Converted to CO2 equivalent to assess climate change impact, emission factors of CH4 range between 4.5 and 85 kg eq.CO2\t dry sludge and N2O range between 143 and 221 kg eq.CO2\t dry sludge when calculated with global warming potentials (GWP) of 25 and 298, respectively. In terms of climate change impact, N2O emissions contribute much more than CH4 because of its higher GWP. N2O is linked to the treatment of nitrogen and produced during the nitrification and denitrification biological processes. Process emissions measured on the two sites were compared with indirect emissions linked to operational energy use.

scholarly journals Adequacy measurement of public green open space (GOS) in absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transportation activities in Tampan district, Pekanbaru

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
MS A P Permata ◽  
I Buchori ◽  
R Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract Green Open Space (GOS) is one of the efforts to deal with increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because it can absorb CO2 emissions. Transportation activities cause high CO2 emissions, and the lack of public green open space, which results in the ability of green open space to absorb emissions, is not optimal. The intensity of traffic activity is getting more and more crowded, which will impact the surrounding community. This study aims to determine the level of adequacy of public green open space (GOS) in absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transportation activities. This study uses a literature review approach. The results obtained are the adequacy of public green open space in absorbing emissions from transportation and so that solutions are obtained to carry out policies in reducing air pollution produced by vehicles, and the importance of green open spaces (GOS).

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