Methodology for the assessment of the greenhouse gas impact of wastewater sludge treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Åkerman ◽  
A. Massagué ◽  
S. Mehier ◽  
E. Senante ◽  
I. Escaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Change Impact

Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions from the wastewater sector represent the second largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the waste sector. A protocol has been developed to measure GHG from sewage sludge treatment. GHG measurements were performed on two industrial sewage sludge composting plants. Measurement campaigns showed GHG emissions range between 0.18 to 3.40 kgCH4\t dry sludge and 0.74 to 0.48 kg N2O\t dry sludge. Converted to CO2 equivalent to assess climate change impact, emission factors of CH4 range between 4.5 and 85 kg eq.CO2\t dry sludge and N2O range between 143 and 221 kg eq.CO2\t dry sludge when calculated with global warming potentials (GWP) of 25 and 298, respectively. In terms of climate change impact, N2O emissions contribute much more than CH4 because of its higher GWP. N2O is linked to the treatment of nitrogen and produced during the nitrification and denitrification biological processes. Process emissions measured on the two sites were compared with indirect emissions linked to operational energy use.

Model analysis of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of sewage sludge treatment systems with different processes and scales

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Soda ◽  
Y. Iwai ◽  
K. Sei ◽  
Y. Shimod ◽  
M. Ike
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

An energy consumption model was developed for evaluating sewage sludge treatment plants (SSTPs) incorporating various treatment processes such as thickening, anaerobic digestion, dewatering, incineration, and melting. Based on data analyses from SSTPs in Osaka, Japan, electricity consumption intensities for thickening, anaerobic digestion, dewatering, incineration, and melting and heat consumption intensities for anaerobic digestion, incineration, and melting were expressed as functions of sludge-loading on each unit process. The model was applied for predicting the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of SSTPs using various treatment processes and power and heat generation processes using digestion gas. Results showed that SSTPs lacking incineration and melting processes but having power generation processes showed excess energy production at the high sludge-loading rate. Energy consumption of the SSTPs without incineration and melting processes were low, but their GHG emissions were high because of CH4 and N2O emissions from sludge cake at the landfill site. Incineration and melting processes consume much energy, but have lower CH4 and N2O emissions.

scholarly journals The Climate Change Impact of Possible Municipal Solic Waste Management Scenarios in Estonia

2017 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Harri Moora ◽  
Evelin Urbel-Piirsalu ◽  
Viktoria Voronova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Change Impact

Waste management has an influence on the greenhouse gas (GHG) formation. The emissions of greenhouse gases vary between the EU countries depending on waste treatment practices and other regional factors such us composition of waste. The aim of this paper was to examine, from a life-cycle perspective, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in the context of greenhouse gas formation and to evaluate the possible reduction of climate change potential of alternative waste management options in Estonia. The paper summarises the results of a case study in Estonia, assessing the climate change impact by 2020 in terms of net greenhouse gas emissions from two possible management scenarios. As a result it can be concluded that better management of municipal waste and diversion of municipal waste away from landfills could significantly reduce the emissions of GHG and, if high rates of recycling and incineration with energy recovery are attained, the net greenhouse gas emissions may even become negative. It means that these waste management options can partly offset the emissions that occurred when the products were manufactured from virgin materials and energy was produced from fossil fuels. This is especially important concerning the climate change impact.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impact, Adaptation, and Mitigation in Temperate Grazing Systems: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Ghahramani ◽  
S. Mark Howden ◽  
Agustin del Prado ◽  
Dean T. Thomas ◽  
Andrew D. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

Managed temperate grasslands occupy 25% of the world, which is 70% of global agricultural land. These lands are an important source of food for the global population. This review paper examines the impacts of climate change on managed temperate grasslands and grassland-based livestock and effectiveness of adaptation and mitigation options and their interactions. The paper clarifies that moderately elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) enhances photosynthesis, however it may be restiricted by variations in rainfall and temperature, shifts in plant’s growing seasons, and nutrient availability. Different responses of plant functional types and their photosynthetic pathways to the combined effects of climatic change may result in compositional changes in plant communities, while more research is required to clarify the specific responses. We have also considered how other interacting factors, such as a progressive nitrogen limitation (PNL) of soils under eCO2, may affect interactions of the animal and the environment and the associated production. In addition to observed and modelled declines in grasslands productivity, changes in forage quality are expected. The health and productivity of grassland-based livestock are expected to decline through direct and indirect effects from climate change. Livestock enterprises are also significant cause of increased global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (about 14.5%), so climate risk-management is partly to develop and apply effective mitigation measures. Overall, our finding indicates complex impact that will vary by region, with more negative than positive impacts. This means that both wins and losses for grassland managers can be expected in different circumstances, thus the analysis of climate change impact required with potential adaptations and mitigation strategies to be developed at local and regional levels.

scholarly journals Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agriculture, with Particular Emphasis on Emissions from Energy Used

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3784
Author(s):  
Piotr Gołasa ◽  
Marcin Wysokiński ◽  
Wioletta Bieńkowska-Gołasa ◽  
Piotr Gradziuk ◽  
Magdalena Golonko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Emission Volume

The relationship between agriculture and climate change is two-sided. Agriculture is the branch of the economy most affected by the ongoing processes. It is also a large emitter of greenhouse gases and there are more and more voices about the need to reduce emissions. The purpose of the study was, based on FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) data, to determine the structure of greenhouse gas emissions in farms and to identify types of farms where it is possible to reduce GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions through better energy use. The emission volume was determined on the basis of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) methodology modified for the FADN data. The emissions related to the production of energy were found to be of minor importance compared to other emission sources. Only in the horticultural crop type is the emission from the Energy section the dominant stream of GHG emission. The greatest emissions come from livestock production. Therefore, the emphasis on reducing emissions should not be placed on the Energy sector because, except for the type of horticultural farm, there is not much potential for reduction. The introduction of taxes for GHG emissions at the level of 27.31 EUR/t would reduce farm income from 21% for the type of field crops to 40% for the type of herbivorous animals. The exception is low-emission permanent crops, where the decrease in income would be only 3.85%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document