scholarly journals Smart Disaster Response in Vehicular Tunnels: Technologies for Search and Rescue Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Duk Kim ◽  
Guk-Jin Son ◽  
HeeKang Kim ◽  
Chanho Song ◽  
Ji-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Operation Technique ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Fire Accidents ◽  
Rescue Procedures ◽  
Detection Search ◽  
Fire Recognition

Recently, the number of tunnels is increasing due to urbanization, and fire accidents in tunnels are likewise increasing. In particular, in a long tunnel of more than 1 km it is very difficult to track the exact location of a fire, accident vehicles, and the fire brigade, as well as whether a fire occurred. In this paper, we analyze various types of accidents that may occur in tunnel fires and propose detection, search, and rescue techniques to cope with them. For early detection of accidents, we propose various sensors using Internet of Things (IoT) technology and sensor networks to connect them. These sensors can detect not only a fire but also the position of the vehicle in which the fire is occurring in real time. We also propose a robotic system and operation technique that can be controlled by a fire fighter for more precise search operation. For rescue procedures, localization and tracking technology for fire fighters and robots is proposed. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed system was verified through actual performance tests, including simulations of actual placement and operation in tunnels. Through the construction of the equipment in an actual tunnel 1.9 km long, we show that the proposed system is good enough to cope with fire accidents, in terms of the delivery ratio of the collected data, fire recognition ratio, localization accuracy, and response delay.

scholarly journals Can legal frameworks for disaster response be improved?

2011 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Dug Cubie
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
International Level ◽  
Emergency Assistance ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
Legal Frameworks

We are all familiar with images of search and rescue teams, medics, and engineers arriving to help after a disaster, such as following the March 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami or the massive floods in Pakistan in July 2010. In recognition of the devastating impact natural or human-made disasters can have on individuals and communities, an estimated US $7billion was spent globally in 2008 on emergency assistance including food, shelter and medical care. The mere words “Pompeii”, “Krakatoa” or “Chernobyl” conjure up scenes of death and destruction. So how can lawyers assist in disaster responses? Cynics may say that things always get more complicated when lawyers become involved. Rules, regulations and red tape – surely all of these legal tools only delay vital life saving assistance? Yet legal practitioners at a national and international level are increasingly aware that we have a lot to contribute to ensure that humanitarian assistance ...

scholarly journals Indicators for Post-Disaster Search and Rescue Efficiency Developed Using Progressive Death Tolls

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8262
Author(s):  
Yen-Yu Chiu ◽  
Hiroshi Omura ◽  
Hung-En Chen ◽  
Su-Chin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
Time Costs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Response Phase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Secondary Disasters ◽  
Post Disaster

Search and rescue (SAR) is often the focus during the post-disaster response phase. It is operated under the principle of the “golden 72 h”; however, the actual efficiency of each operation lacks a standard for review. On the basis of continuously updated death toll data during the SAR cases of 51 earthquakes and 10 rainfall-induced disasters, this study developed indicators corresponding to various death tolls for reviewing the time costs and the progress of different stages of SAR. Through analysis of the established indicators, the results showed that said indicators are capable of evaluating the efficiency of SAR. These indicators also revealed that earthquake cases, with or without serious secondary disasters (e.g., tsunamis), significantly affected SAR efficiency. The regression results showed that the SAR efficiency of rainfall-induced disasters is much lower than that of earthquake disasters. Additionally, it was shown that the first casualty reports are typically late and that SAR works last a long time, highlighting the difficulty and possible delay of SAR works during rainfall-induced disasters. Previous studies and analyses might have been able to make subjective descriptions of each SAR operation; however, this study quantitatively indicates the difference between actual and expected efficiency under specific death tolls.

scholarly journals Mobile ad-hoc network routing protocols of time-critical events for search and rescue missions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Marwan Hamid Hassan ◽  
Salama A. Mostafa ◽  
Hairulnizam Mahdin ◽  
Aida Mustapha ◽  
Azizul Azhar Ramli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Time Critical

The most important experiences we discovered from several disasters are that cellular networks were vulnerable, and the loss of the communication system may have a catastrophic consequence. Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) play a significant role in the construction of campus, resident, battlefield and search/rescue region. MANET is an appropriate network for supporting a communication where is no permanent infrastructure. MANET is an effective network that uses to establishing urgent communication between rescue members in critical situations like, disaster or natural calamities. The sending and receiving data in MANET is depending on the routing protocols to adapt the dynamic topology and maintain the routing information. Consequently, This paper evaluates the performance of three routing protocols in MANET: ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV), and ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV). These protocols are inherent from different types of routing protocols: single-path, multi-path, reactive and proactive mechanisms. The NS2 simulator is utilized to evaluate the quality of these protocols. Several metrics are used to assess the performance of these protocols such: packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet loss ratios (PLR), throughput (TP), and end-to-end delay (E2E delay). The outcomes reveal the AOMDV is the most suitable protocol for time-critical events of search and rescue missions.

HELIOS VIII: Toward Practical Robots for Search and Rescue Operations

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Guarnieri ◽  
◽  
Inoh Takao ◽  
Edwardo F. Fukushima ◽  
Shigeo Hirose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Control Architecture ◽  
Vehicle Concept ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Unstructured Environments ◽  
Industrial Disaster ◽  
The Impact

With the progress and new technology developments in robotics research, the realization of practical tools for urban and industrial disaster response, from a mere dream, became a reality. Crawler vehicles, because of their terrain adaptability, have a considerable importance for rescue operations and tasks performed on damaged areas (i.e. unstructured environments). This contribution proposes a tracked robot named HELIOS VIII, consisting of a manipulator utilized not only for handling operations but mainly to assist the motion of the robot itself. In order to prove the efficacy of HELIOS vehicle concept, an overview on the experiments carried out with the first developed prototype HELIOS VII will be presented. Afterwards the new vehicle HELIOS VIII will be introduced illustrating in detail its mechanical design as well as its control architecture. Improvements from the previous version are explained and justified with emphasizing the mechanical design of a new soft gripper consisting of four fingers actuated by a single motor. The new end-effector consists also of a special mechanism for the connection of the vehicle to another crawler unit. This solution can improve the system terrain adaptability on very rough terrains. Finally tests will be explained and discussed as well as the impact of the proposed solution toward the realization of effective tools for disaster relief.

scholarly journals Evolution of Collaborative Governance in the 2015, 2016, and 2018 Myanmar Flood Disaster Responses: A Longitudinal Approach to a Network Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-280
Author(s):  
Tin Myo Aung ◽  
Seunghoo Lim
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Government

AbstractIn disaster response, collaboration facilitates interactions among actors, such as the government, the military, nongovernmental organizations, and civil society organizations. This study examined the longitudinal changes in collaborative governance in Myanmar’s disaster responses based on cases of flooding in 2015, 2016, and 2018. To examine the mechanisms underlying this dynamic network formation, the collaborative ties of the actors involved in search and rescue activities were converted into longitudinal relational data sets, and the evolution of collaborative governance was analyzed by relying on the assumptions of social capital, transaction cost, homophily, and resource dependency theories and using a longitudinal social network analysis method. The findings show that the collaborative networks of search and rescue processes in disaster response evolved and changed over time according to the hypothesized patterns of strong, weak, and preferential tie formations. The study also revealed that the collaborative governance system assumes the form of a hierarchy rather than a generalized exchange, and the actors’ reliance on military organizations is not obvious due to the emerging alternative non-military actors and diverse local actors observed in the cases.

Search and rescue and disaster relief robots: has their time finally come?

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bogue
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Technological Developments

Purpose – This paper aims to discuss search and rescue (SAR) and disaster relief robot developments, trials and applications and to answer the question posed in the title. Design/methodology/approach – Following a short introduction, this first describes Integrated Components for Assisted Rescue and Unmanned Search operations, a recent, collaborative, European research project, and euRathlon, a major robotics competition. It then highlights the role of the centre for robot-assisted search and rescue, and provides examples of the deployment of terrestrial, marine and airborne robots in real SAR and disaster relief situations. It concludes with a brief discussion. Findings – This shows that SAR and disaster relief robots are the topic of an extensive development effort, and many have performed well in simulated disaster scenarios. Terrestrial, marine and airborne robots have been used in many real disaster relief situations since 2001, and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles has proliferated due to recent technological developments. Robots now play an important role in supporting SAR teams, and this will certainly increase as the technologies are developed further. Originality/value – In an era characterized by extreme weather events and continuing military conflicts, robots play an increasingly important role in supporting human disaster response teams. This article provides details of developments, trials and real-world deployments of such robots.

scholarly journals Emergent groups and spontaneous volunteers in urban disaster response

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Twigg ◽  
Irina Mosel
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Current State ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Emergency Workers ◽  
Emergent Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Self Organizing

Spontaneous responses by self-organizing, “emergent” voluntary groups and individuals are a common feature of urban disasters. Their activities include search and rescue, transporting and distributing relief supplies, and providing food and drink to victims and emergency workers. However, informal actors are rarely incorporated into formal disaster and humanitarian planning. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge concerning the nature and scale of emergent activity around the world, its impact in the short and long terms, challenges associated with it in different contexts, and lessons for future urban humanitarian practice.

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