scholarly journals A Family of Correlated Observations: From Independent to Strongly Interrelated Ones

Stats ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Griffith

This paper proposes a new classification of correlated data types based upon the relative number of direct connections among observations, producing a family of correlated observations embracing seven categories, one whose empirical counterpart currently is unknown, and ranging from independent (i.e., no links) to approaching near-complete linkage (i.e., n(n − 1)/2 links). Analysis of specimen datasets from publicly available data sources furnishes empirical illustrations for these various categories. Their descriptions also include their historical context and calculation of their effective sample sizes (i.e., an equivalent number of independent observations). Concluding comments contain some state-of-the-art future research topics.

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Crawford ◽  
Helen M. Devries

Although women play a significant role in world missions, few studies have been done to ascertain what factors enhance their effectiveness and sense of well-being. This study surveyed 153 married female missionaries to explore how they perceive their overall well-being and missionary role, and whether their perception of their role is related to their sense of well-being. Unexpectedly, responses indicated a need to modify Bowers (1984) Classification of Married Women Missionaries' Roles from four categories into two: “direct worker” or “support worker.” In an analysis of the data using this new classification Direct Workers were found to have a lower level of emotional distress than Support Workers. Additionally, participants' answers to open-ended questions indicated a moderate level of relevance of role issues in their lives as missionaries. Implications of these findings for enhancing married female missionary's well-being and for future research using this new classification are discussed.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Christine Ferris

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] [1] NEW CLASSIFICATIONS FOR CHAIRMEN OF THE BOARD -- I DID IT MY WAY. In this paper I determine whether a new classification of chairmen (former CEOs) should be added to the traditional current CEO and independent categories. I examine the impact the three categories of chairmen have on firm performance and whether CEO compensation differs between the three categories. If firms with chairmen who are former CEOs have significantly different firm performance or CEO compensation than the other two groups, a third category of chairmen (former CEOs) should be used in future research. The findings shed light on the value of having former CEOs control the board, and should influence the results of studies using chairmen as a control variable. I find that chairmen who are former CEOs are significantly different than current CEOs and independent chairman, and should be separated into their own category. Firms with chairmen who are former CEOs have highest firm performance. These firms also pay less in CEO compensation than firms with current CEOs/chairmen but more than firms with independent chairmen. [2] A TEMP IN THE CORNER OFFICE : THE IMPACT OF INTERIM CEOS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE. This paper examines the impact an interim CEO's previous experience and tenure length have on accounting- and market-based firm performance. I also examine the number of significant changes an interim CEO makes to the firm and the impact of those changes. I find that the prior experience an interim CEO has does not have a significant impact on firm performance. Interim CEOs are significantly less likely to make major changes to the firm than their predecessors; however, some of the changes they make have a significant impact on firm performance.


1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
K. F. Chudoba
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
E. Zakablukovskiy

The article highlights certain aspects of the discussion on the topic of reductionism vs. holism in the philosophy of medicine. Classic radical reductionism is defeated by the concept of emergence. The s.c. bio-medical point of view on a malady, despite its relevance and clear benefit, is not recognized as universal as its adherents may claim, and it yields to an integral psycho-bio-social model. The author introduces a new classification of holism (vitalistic, social and individualistic) and makes appropriate recommendations to clinicians. It is social holism at the macro level that has proven effective in combating the spread of COVID-19.


1977 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ramirez B.
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2542-2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Antonia Pastor-Nieto ◽  
María Elena Gatica-Ortega ◽  
Laura Vergara-de-la-Campa ◽  
Ana María Giménez-Arnau
Keyword(s):  

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