scholarly journals The Glass Door of Academia: Unveiling New Gendered Bias in Academic Recruitment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilenia Picardi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Research System ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Academic Reform ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Glass Door ◽  
Recruitment Stages

Gender statistics and studies on gendering mechanisms have been developing over recent years on two parallel tracks. This research reveals the need to rethink the standard indicators used in European comparative analyses to identify (1) gender-related mechanisms responsible for the production and reproduction processes of gender asymmetries, (2) their specificities in different local contexts, and (3) the profound transformations that have characterized the academies and the research system in Europe in recent years. The paper analyses the data on the composition of Italian academia provided by the Italian Ministry of Education, universities and research from a gender perspective. The introduction of the glass door index, specifically designed to measure gendering processes taking place in the recruitment stages in Italian academia, discloses new forms of gender segregation in Italian universities after the last academic reform (Law 240/2010), despite the emphasis placed on the neutral and meritocratic criteria of the new recruitment and career progression rules.

Change to the Demands Made of the Teaching Profession and the Ambiguity of New Concepts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Jana Kohnová
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
A Current

This paper is concerned with concepts such as quality of education, evaluation of the standard of the work of the teacher and comparison of educational results. It points to the importance of standards and the difficulties involved in their implementation. It also discusses the concept of competence and its relevance to framework educational programmes and the further education of teachers. The paper also focuses on a number of trends in education that are less widely discussed: instability — permanent change, reduction of education, emphasis on topicality and practical applicability, underestimation of the system, etc. The final part of the paper presents a current project from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic — a proposal for career progression.

Gender gap in innovation: an institutionalist explanation

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
And Gender

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to contribute to knowledge on innovation from a gender perspective, and to investigate how environment affects the process of innovation by women. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study uses a Structural Equations Model of a Partial Least Squared (PLS) technique. Data of 40 countries from around the world were collected from 2008. Findings – Institutional environment matters for innovative activity by women. An innovative thinking is required for integrating the gender perspective in innovative milieus in order to enrich, diversify and promote stronger innovation activities, mobilising unexploited opportunities for managers in the business sector, and for policy makers in the public one. Research limitations/implications – A new sex-disaggregated dataset will allow us to enlarge and improve upon this study. A longitudinal study would be extremely useful, but for the moment, there are no available data of this kind. Practical implications – Policies designed to reduce the gap for women in innovation activities have to fight against gender segregation in the job market and gender differences in education and training. They must increase flexibility in the workplace, provide more help to conciliate family and working lives, and reduce the gap in family responsibilities taken on by women. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the cross-over of knowledge between innovation and gender, and reduces the lack of information on how external factors may impact innovative behaviour by gender.

scholarly journals Training Teachers

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School Teachers ◽  
Communicative Language Teaching ◽  
Board Of Education ◽  
Public High School ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Education Culture

Over the last several decades, the Japanese government, through the Course of Study guidelines promulgated by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technology, has directed schools to include more communicative language teaching (CLT) in their English programs. These top‑down directives have met with mixed results. One commonly cited problem is that English teachers are rarely provided with sufficient training in CLT, and thus are unable to implement the new guidelines effectively. However, since other objections also play a role in the rejection of CLT, one question is whether or not increased training increases compliance with the guidelines. This paper examines two local contexts to determine the role that proper training can play. Specifically, it considers informal training provided at a public high school by an Assistant Language Teacher, along with training conducted by a Board of Education to prepare elementary school teachers to begin teaching foreign language classes. 過去数十年にわたり、政府は文部科学省が公布する学習指導要領を通して、英語教育にコミュニカティブ・ランゲージ・ティーチング(CLT)をより多く導入するよう教育機関に指導してきた。このようなトップダウン指導は多様な結果を導いた。一般的によくあげられる問題として、英語講師は十分なCLT研修をほとんど受けていないので、新たな学習指導要領を効果的に活用できないと論じられる。しかし、CLTに対する異議はそれだけはなく、果たして研修が増えれば講師の学習指導要領の実践につながるかどうかが論点となる。本論では、公立高校においてALTが行う非公式の研修と、小学校教師が外国語のクラスで生徒に教えるための準備として教育委員会が実施する研修という2つの状況を通して、適した研修が果たす役割を考察する。

scholarly journals Testing the Obligations of Presence in Academia in the COVID-19 Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Shelley-Egan
Keyword(s):  
Career Progression ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Research System ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Mobility Studies ◽  
Reduced Mobility

The COVID-19 crisis has given us a new, unprecedented impetus for thinking about the imperative of mobility in research. Travel and co-presence are widely accepted as being essential to career progression and promotion in academic life. Academics with fewer opportunities to travel find themselves at a significant disadvantage. COVID-19 and related public health measures have significantly limited the ability to be physically co-present in academia. Addressing obligations of co-presence in a less mobile world allows us to think concretely—and empathetically—about how to improve and extend virtual networking opportunities to those who have been marginalised with respect to research mobility. It also allows us to reflect on the role of reduced mobility and locality in how we think about and enact research. This article is informed and inspired by insights from research addressing academic mobility. I describe and discuss two prospects to productively work towards a new academic modus operandi characterised by limited opportunities for mobility. Furthermore, I highlight those issues and components that will require capacity building and a greater allocation of resources within the research system. In addition, I sketch out some pressing issues and questions for research mobility studies in a less mobile age going forward.

The academic “glass-ceiling”: investigating the increase of female academicians in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Roberto ◽  
Andrea Rey ◽  
Roberto Maglio ◽  
Francesco Agliata
Keyword(s):  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Setting ◽  
Occupational Gender ◽  
Italian Context

Purpose This study addresses gender composition in universities. The purpose of this study is to define the vertical and horizontal gender segregation in both public and private universities. In particular, it measures the gender distribution throughout academic careers across levels and time, and among fields of science in Italian academia. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted the framework of Blackburn et al. (2002) as a theoretical lens through which they examine and explain occupational gender segregation in the university context. A mixed methodology of both document analysis and examining some statistical indicators was used to create gender-disaggregated measures to help the authors answer their research questions. The data collected represent academia in Italy for the period 2010-2018. The data were obtained from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research. Findings The authors show the gendered nature of academic institutions in Italy. In particular, the authors acknowledge that hierarchies of power exist that privilege men and the masculine and devalue women and the feminine within academic institutions. Practical implications This paper provides theoretical and practical findings that support the literature on gender issues in universities and other public and/or private institutions. The academic community, practitioners and policymakers can use the results to design measures to address gender inequality in academia. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is novel because it provides gender-relevant insights on the gender composition in universities in the Italian context. These insights are also relevant for academic institutions that operate in an international setting.

Development of a Rapid Survey Method of Sampling and Analysis for Asbestos in Ambient Air

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 630-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Heffelfinger ◽  
C. W. Melton ◽  
D. L. Kiefer ◽  
W. M. Henry ◽  
R. J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Identification And Quantification

A methodology has been developed and demonstrated which is capable of determining total amounts of asbestos fibers and fibrils in air ranging from as low as fractional nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3) of air to several micrograms/m3. The method involves the collection of samples on an absolute filter and provides an unequivocal identification and quantification of the total asbestos contents including fibrils in the collected samples.The developed method depends on the trituration under controlled conditions to reduce the fibers to fibrils, separation of the asbestos fibrils from other collected air particulates (beneficiation), and the use of transmission microscopy for identification and quantification. Its validity has been tested by comparative analyses by neutron activation techniques. It can supply the data needed to set emissions criteria and to serve as a basis for assessing the potential hazard for asbestos pollution to the populace.

Clinical Research System II

1988 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Robert S. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Research System
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