scholarly journals Vehicle Crime, CPTED, and Offending under the Influence: A Qualitative Investigation of Offender Perceptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Anthony Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Substance Addiction ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
Acquisitive Crime

Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) can impact upon where an offender decides to commit an offence. This is particularly the case for street-level acquisitive crime. There has been little coverage, within research on crime and offending, of how aspects of the built environment might be interpreted by a motivated offender who has a dependency on either illicit drugs, alcohol or both of these. This study draws on qualitative interviews with twenty individuals who have received criminal convictions for vehicle crime offences. Within these offender interviews, images, of repeatedly victimised areas, were examined in order to gauge in what capacity various locations were vulnerable to vehicle crime. Through this examination, pertinent points were made by participants about how and why the appeal of locations could differ for offenders who suffer from substance addiction and offenders who do not. The key findings of this research demonstrate that vehicle crime offenders who are not dependent on drugs or alcohol, may be more risk-averse than those who are. Moreover, both types of offender might become part of organised crime networks, but these findings make an initial suggestion that those who offend under the influence are more vulnerable to coercion by a criminal hierarchy.

Between Utopia and Reality: Insecurity in Indigenous and Mennonite

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Carlos Anibal Peris Castiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social

How can the social transformations of present-day Filadelfia, Boquerón, Paraguay be studied? In this article, new dynamics that show insecurity in Mennonite and indigenous communities are described. Qualitative interviews were carried out. Fourteen representatives were interviewed on: a) The main incidents that demonstrate vulnerability and, b) the identification of the aggressors as the Settlers. The reports provided by indigenous persons show that actions that are legal can still constitute a nightmare when exploitation and conditions of vulnerability are added. Regarding the Mennonite Settlers, they say that their youngmen in their desire to break the rules, consume, sell and introduce illicit drugs to their communities. Regarding the incidents of violence against women, those who force or abuse female members of the congregation are their fathers, brothers, uncles and grandfathers.

Part II UN Core Conventions on Transnational Organised Crime, 6 The Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 and the Global War on Drugs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vogler Richard ◽  
Fouladvand Shahrzad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
Global War ◽  
Control Regime ◽  
Illicit Traffic ◽  
Narcotic Drugs

This chapter examines the origins of the global drug control regime that was established between 1961 and 1988, the cornerstone of which is the Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 (the Trafficking Convention). It attempts to explain how the humanistic and philanthropic enterprise represented by the Trafficking Convention and supported by overwhelming international sentiment has become distorted by state policy and organised crime to become the source of wars, offending, disease, and loss of life on an unprecedented scale. It suggests that the unremittingly penal and prohibitive approach to the problem of illicit drugs represented by the Trafficking Convention has served only to magnify the criminality associated with drug trafficking and it concludes by considering the ways in which states have sought to escape from the Convention’s restrictions as well as investigating contemporary moves for reform.

From “Codeine Diet” to “Gutter Water”: polydrug use among Nigerian young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeka W. Dumbili ◽  
Emmanuel Ezekwe ◽  
Ogochukwu Winifred Odeigah
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Cough Syrup

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore polydrug use and the factors that motivate the use of multiple substances among selected young adults. Design/methodology/approach A total of 23 male and female participants (aged 23-29 years) who use illicit drugs and prescription pharmaceuticals for non-medical purposes were recruited through snowball sampling. Qualitative interviews were conducted, and the data were analysed thematically. Findings The use of drug “concoctions” and cocktails was widespread among the participants. Some used what they called Codeine Diet (codeine-based cough syrup mixed with a Coca-Cola® product or malt drink), while others took Gutter Water (a cocktail of cannabis, codeine, tramadol, vodka and juice or water). The use of Monkey Tail (a mixture of local gin, cannabis leaves, stems, roots and seeds) and petrol mixed with glue and La Casera® (carbonated soft drink) combined with Tom-Tom® (menthol-flavoured candy) was also revealed. Pleasure, better highs, the need to experience prolonged intoxication and the use of one drug to douse the effects of another substance motivated polysubstance use. Social implications The findings revealed that the reasons why codeine-based cough syrups are mixed with soft drinks (Codeine Diet) include avoiding social discrimination and evading law enforcement agencies. Results suggest that these drug use practices require specifically tailored public health interventions. Social stigmatization against substance users and the use of extra-legal measures by the police should be discouraged to facilitate harm reduction. Originality/value This study represents the first qualitative research to explore polydrug use among an understudied Nigerian population.

Youth Disclosure About Friendships Across the Transition to Middle School

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Fletcher ◽  
Bethany L. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
African American ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
European American ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Transition To Middle School ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Adolescent Disclosure ◽  
Disclosure Patterns

This longitudinal qualitative investigation considered youth disclosure to parents about friends as well as parents’ responses to such disclosure across the transition to middle school. African American and European American youth participated in qualitative interviews regarding their disclosure to parents about friendships in three consecutive years spanning the transition to middle school. Coding was completed in a two-step process that started with identifying themes regarding disclosure about friends as they reflected the experiences of all youth. Second, global categorizations of disclosure patterns during each year were used to categorize participants into four groups: stable complete disclosers, stable partial disclosures, increasing disclosers, and decreasing disclosers. We then identified themes regarding disclosure about friends as they distinguished these disclosure groups. Findings indicated that adolescent disclosure to parents about friends is embedded within the nature of adolescents’ relationships with parents and the manner in which parents respond to adolescent disclosure episodes across time.

The Impact of Environmental Design on Teamwork and Communication in Healthcare Facilities: A Systematic Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arsalan Gharaveis ◽  
D. Kirk Hamilton ◽  
Debajyoti Pati
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
English Language ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the current knowledge about the impact of healthcare facility design on teamwork and communication by exploring the relevant literature. Teamwork and communication are behavioral factors that are impacted by physical design. However, the effects of environmental factors on teamwork and communication have not been investigated extensively in healthcare design literature. There are no published systematic reviews on the current topic. Searches were conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar databases in addition to targeted design journals including Health Environmental Research & Design, Environment and Behavior, Environmental Psychology, and Applied Ergonomics. Inclusion criteria were (a) full-text English language articles related to teamwork and communication and (b) involving any healthcare built environment and space design published in peer-reviewed journals between 1984 and 2017. Studies were extracted using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the first phase, 26 of the 195 articles most relevant to teamwork and 19 studies of the 147 were identified and reviewed to understand the impact of communication in healthcare facilities. The literature regarding the impact of built environment on teamwork and communication were reviewed and explored in detail. Eighteen studies were selected and succinctly summarized as the final product of this review. Environmental design, which involves nurses, support staff, and physicians, is one of the critical factors that promotes the efficiency of teamwork and collaborative communication. Layout design, visibility, and accessibility levels are the most cited aspects of design which can affect the level of communication and teamwork in healthcare facilities.

scholarly journals Conducting Qualitative Research on Desertification in Western Lesvos, Greece

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros Iosifides ◽  
Theodoros Politidis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Qualitative Research Study ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Land Degradation And Desertification

The main aim of this article is to present some critical methodological strategies employed in a qualitative research study on local socioeconomic development and desertification in western Lesvos, Greece. Through in-depth qualitative interviews with local producers in western Lesvos, Greece, an effort was made to identify and analyze the links between the local socioeconomic trajectory and environmental marginality. The article concerns the justification of the choice of qualitative investigation on the matter, the main methodological strategies employed in the field, and the basic data analysis processes. In particular, we discuss the gradual development of a coding framework and a conceptual model for understanding and explaining the interrelations between local socioeconomic development, and characteristics and problems of land degradation and desertification.

scholarly journals Investigating the barriers to laser scanning implementation in building refurbishment

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 249-262
Author(s):  
Ulrika Uotila ◽  
Arto Saari ◽  
Juha-Matti Junnonen
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Scanning Technique ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Building Refurbishment

The use of the laser scanning technique has increased rapidly in the field of built environment, mainly because it produces highly accurate as-built data. However, the full potential of this technique is utilised only limitedly in building refurbishment projects. This research aims to investigate the barriers to the implementation of laser scanning in building refurbishment projects in Finland. Qualitative interviews were carried out to identify these barriers, and furthermore, to explore the current usage of the technique in building refurbishments. The study shows that many obstacles to implementations are related to challenges in laser scanning procurement, including a low level of competence in acquisition, limitations of the laser scanning technique in building refurbishments, and limitations and challenges in utilising the data in design work. This study is beneficial for building owners and practitioners as it presents the challenges and advantages that laser scanning can provide a refurbishment project. In addition, it offers suggestions to improve the early phase of a refurbishment project in order to achieve greater benefits with laser scanning. Furthermore, the findings may be utilised in the procurement process of laser scanning services in such projects, and the results may potentially solve practical challenges encountered in laser scanning work.

scholarly journals Narrative research + the built environment

IDEA JOURNAL ◽  
1969 ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Dianne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Graphical Representations ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Environmental Interpretation ◽  
Design Experience ◽  
Glass Movement

Narration or story telling is proposed as a process which enables researchers in interior design/architecture to deal with the crux of environmental design - experience and relationships. This approach addresses the limitations of more superficial understandings of the built environment represented by discussions of form or appearance. Narration generally occurs as written or verbal accounts, but it may also involve graphical representations, stained glass, movement, dance, or music (Barthes: 1979). How narrative inquiry is of value in the study of interior architecture, and consequently for research into the built environment is discussed in this paper with specific attention to identifying how these concepts may be applicable for research focusing on environmental interpretation and the construction of meaning.

Making a Difference: The Experiences of Midwives Working With Women Who Use Illicit Drugs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Maureen Miles ◽  
Ysanne Chapman ◽  
Karen Francis
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Harm Minimization ◽  
Difference Making ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Making A Difference

AIM:This article describes the experiences of midwives who choose to work with pregnant women who use illicit drugs.BACKGROUND:Pregnant women who use illicit drugs present complex challenges for those who choose to work with them. Society’s views on illicit drug use fluctuate from acceptance and harm minimization to reprimand and retribution.METHOD:Qualitative interviews were conducted between June and August 2009 with 12 Australian midwives. A thematic analysis method informed by hermeneutic phenomenology was applied to interpret this data to explicate lived experiences and gain deeper understanding and meanings of this phenomenon.FINDINGS:Three major themes encapsulated the experience: making a difference, making partnerships, and learning to let go. The focus of this article, “making a difference,” included two subthemes of “working on the margins” and “transition and transformation.” The midwives were both rewarded and challenged by the needs of women who use illicit drugs and by the systems in which they worked.CONCLUSIONS:The midwives acknowledged that their aspirations “to make a difference” was not always sufficient when working with women who use illicit drugs. They also require the establishment of maternity services that are compassionate and accessible, including woman–care provider partnerships and continuity of the care environments.

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