scholarly journals Drivers of Human Migration: A Review of Scientific Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Dino Pitoski ◽  
Thomas J. Lampoltshammer ◽  
Peter Parycek
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Migration Corridors ◽  
Migration Factors ◽  
Interactive Map ◽  
Relevant Factors

While migration research is at the peak of its productivity, a substantial gap persists between scientific evidence and policy action. As societal complexity increases, migration theory loses track on the numerous factors of human migration; the information on the most relevant factors affecting human migration (i.e., migration drivers), essential for policy decision-making, are hidden and dispersed across the ever-growing literature. Introducing a novel approach to conducting a literature review, emphasizing an unbiased selection of literature and the approach to analysing literature by coding, we collect evidence on the most pertinent migration factors. The study establishes a methodology for a quick but rigorous, collaborative gathering of evidence, as well as an initial inventory and an interactive map of nearly 200 factors working at different migration corridors.

scholarly journals Predicting COVID-19 Spread Level using Socio-Economic Indicators and Machine Learning Techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaeddine Mihoub ◽  
Hosni Snoun ◽  
Moez Krichen ◽  
Riadh Bel Hadj Salah ◽  
Montassar Kahia
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Feature Importance ◽  
F Measure ◽  
Relevant Factors

<p>The new so-called COVID-19 virus is unfortunately founded to be highly transmissible across the globe. In this study, we propose a novel approach for estimating the spread level of the virus for each country for three different dates between April and May 2020. Unlike previous studies, this investigation does not process any historical data of spread but rather relies on the socio-economic indicators of each country. Actually, more than 1000 socio-economic indicators and more than 190 countries were processed in this study. Concretely, data preprocessing techniques and feature selection approaches were applied to extract relevant indicators for the classification process. Countries around the globe were assigned to 4 classes of spread. To find the class level of each country, many classifiers were proposed based especially on Support Vectors Machines (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) and Random Forests (RF). Obtained results show the relevance of our approach since many classifiers succeeded in capturing the spread level, especially the RF classifier, with an F-measure equal to 93.85% for April 15th, 2020. Moreover, a feature importance study is conducted to deduce the best indicators to build robust spread level classifiers. However, as pointed out in the discussion, classifiers may face some difficulties for future dates since the huge increase of cases and the lack of other relevant factors affecting this widespread.<i></i></p>

scholarly journals Predicting COVID-19 Spread Level using Socio-Economic Indicators and Machine Learning Techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaeddine Mihoub ◽  
Hosni Snoun ◽  
Moez Krichen ◽  
Riadh Bel Hadj Salah ◽  
Montassar Kahia
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Feature Importance ◽  
F Measure ◽  
Relevant Factors

<p>The new so-called COVID-19 virus is unfortunately founded to be highly transmissible across the globe. In this study, we propose a novel approach for estimating the spread level of the virus for each country for three different dates between April and May 2020. Unlike previous studies, this investigation does not process any historical data of spread but rather relies on the socio-economic indicators of each country. Actually, more than 1000 socio-economic indicators and more than 190 countries were processed in this study. Concretely, data preprocessing techniques and feature selection approaches were applied to extract relevant indicators for the classification process. Countries around the globe were assigned to 4 classes of spread. To find the class level of each country, many classifiers were proposed based especially on Support Vectors Machines (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) and Random Forests (RF). Obtained results show the relevance of our approach since many classifiers succeeded in capturing the spread level, especially the RF classifier, with an F-measure equal to 93.85% for April 15th, 2020. Moreover, a feature importance study is conducted to deduce the best indicators to build robust spread level classifiers. However, as pointed out in the discussion, classifiers may face some difficulties for future dates since the huge increase of cases and the lack of other relevant factors affecting this widespread.<i></i></p>

Reporting Physical Activity: Perceptions and Practices of Australian Media Professionals

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben J. Smith ◽  
Catriona M.F. Bonfiglioli
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
News Media ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Online News ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
Media Professionals

Background:Advocacy informed by scientific evidence is necessary to influence policy and planning to address physical inactivity. The mass media is a key arena for this advocacy. This study investigated the perceptions and practices of news media professionals reporting physical activity and sedentariness to inform strategic communication about these issues.Methods:We interviewed media professionals working for major television, radio, newspaper and online news outlets in Australia. The interviews explored understandings of physical activity and sedentariness, attributions of causality, assignment of responsibility, and factors affecting news reporting on these topics. Data were thematically analyzed using NVivo.Results:Physical inactivity was recognized as pervasive and important, but tended to be seen as mundane and not newsworthy. Sedentariness was regarded as more novel than physical activity, and more likely to require organizational and environment action. Respondents identified that presenting these issues in visual and engaging ways was an ongoing challenge.Conclusions:Physical activity researchers and advocates need to take account of prevailing news values and media practices to improve engagement with the news media. These include understanding the importance of novelty, narratives, imagery, and practical messages, and how to use these to build support for environmental and policy action.

scholarly journals Mapping Population Vulnerability and Community Support during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina H Di Cara ◽  
Jiao Song ◽  
Valerio Maggio ◽  
Christopher Moreno-Stokoe ◽  
Alastair R Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Data Pipeline ◽  
Complex Population ◽  
Flexible Integration ◽  
Interactive Map

Background  Disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic pose an overwhelming demand on resources that cannot always be met by official organisations. Limited resources and human response to crises can lead members of local communities to turn to one another to fulfil immediate needs. This spontaneous citizen-led response can be crucial to a community’s ability to cope in a crisis. It is thus essential to understand the scope of such initiatives so that support can be provided where it is most needed. Nevertheless, quickly developing situations and varying definitions can make the community response challenging to measure. Aim     To create an accessible interactive map of the citizen-led community response to need during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales, UK that combines information gathered from multiple data providers to reflect different interpretations of need and support. Approach      We gathered data from a combination of official data providers and community-generated sources to create 14 variables representative of need and support. These variables are derived by a reproducible data pipeline that enables flexible integration of new data. The interactive tool is available online (www.covidresponsemap.wales) and can map available data at two geographic resolutions. Users choose their variables of interest, and interpretation of the map is aided by a linked bee-swarm plot. Discussion    The novel approach we developed enables people at all levels of community response to explore and analyse the distribution of need and support across Wales. While there can be limitations to the accuracy of community-generated data, we demonstrate that they can be effectively used alongside traditional data sources to maximise the understanding of community action. This adds to our overall aim to measure community response and resilience, as well as to make complex population health data accessible to a range of audiences. Future developments include the integration of other factors such as well-being.

scholarly journals Modelling Elasticity of Non‑Oil Tax Revenues to Oil Price Changes: is There U‑Shaped Association? Evidence from Azerbaijan

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-810
Author(s):  
Khatai Aliyev ◽  
Altay Ismayilov ◽  
Ilkin Gasimov
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Tax Revenues

Oil price changes has a great influence on the behaviour of firms in oil exporting countries which displays itself in amount of non‑oil tax receipts of the state budget. Employing FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR cointegration methods for 2001Q1–2015Q4, the study aims to analyse how oil price changes affects non‑oil tax revenues in Azerbaijan. Empirical results altogether provide strong scientific evidence that there is U‑shaped causality from oil price changes to total non‑oil tax revenues , corporate income tax receipts and labour income tax payments , and inverse U‑shaped to non‑oil VAT revenues of the state budget. Results show that firms face with the trade‑off between “produce‑and‑sell” and “import‑and‑sell” as oil price rises. In case of higher price than the threshold level, companies prefer the latter choice. Research findings are highly useful for the public policy decision‑makers in resource rich economies.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Commercial Banks Profitability in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
DR. MUMTAZ HUSSAIN SHAH ◽  
SAJJAD KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Yearly Data

Due to significant contribution of commercial banks in the economic progress of Pakistan, this research has been carried out to analyse the possible effect of different relevant factors on the profitability of commercial banks in the country. Profitability is measured by return on assets (ROA). Using pooled regression analysis on yearly data collected from the annual reports for a panel of 14 commercial banks for eight years from 2007 to 2014, it was found that equity to assets, debts to assets, deposits to assets, bank size and assets management have a significant influence on the commercial banks profitability in Pakistan.

The Influence of Retailer Choices on Consumer Behaviors and Sales Productivity

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-151
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Russo ◽  
Maja Bozic ◽  
Ylenia Cavacece ◽  
Giuseppe Granata
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Consumer Behaviors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Classification And Regression ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Retail Formats ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Developing Strategies

The aim of this chapter is to analyze the most relevant factors affecting retailers by investigating the relationships between store type, assortment level, customers' purchases, and sales productivity. Analyzing the dataset of the German retailer Rossmann through classification and regression tools, this work investigates what store type customers visit more often, what kind of assortment they prefer, and how sales profitability is affected by internal and external factors. Results show a tendency from customers to shop in smaller neighborhood markets rather than in the large shopping centers with extensive assortments, determining an increase in sales productivity in smaller size stores. Results suggest managers developing strategies for creating multiple retail formats in order to meet the diverse customers' tendencies in the today's market.

scholarly journals Optimization of Flocculation Settling Parameters of Whole Tailings Based on Spatial Difference Algorithm

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Yanlong Huang ◽  
Jianzhong Chen ◽  
Chuanzhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Spatial Difference ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Output Factors ◽  
Actual Settlement ◽  
Relevant Factors

In order to obtain the optimum parameters of total tailings flocculation settling, an optimization method of total tailings flocculation settling parameters based on the spatial difference algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the input and output factors of the whole tailings flocculation settling parameters are effectively analyzed, and the relevant factors affecting the flocculation settling parameters are obtained. Secondly, the flocculation settling velocity of the whole tailings is optimized by combining the spatial difference algorithm with the mathematical symmetry algorithm, and the optimal value of the flocculation settling velocity of the whole tailings is obtained. The experimental results show that anionic flocculation has the best flocculation settling effect on the whole tailings. The optimal settlement velocity is close to the actual settlement velocity, and the error of settlement velocity is less than 3.5%. The results show that compared with the traditional method, this method is an effective method to optimize the flocculation and settlement parameters of the whole tailings.

Factors Affecting Mobile Advertising

2010 ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Vatanparast
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mobile Advertising ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Targeted Advertising ◽  
Novel Approach

Mobile advertising holds strong promises to become the most highly targeted advertising medium offering new ways to target messages to users. By utilizing mobile advertising, companies can run marketing campaigns targeted to tens of thousands of people with a fraction of the costs and time in comparison to other direct marketing mediums. However, as mobile advertising is a novel approach, many aspects of it still need further investigation. Little is known regarding the effectiveness of mobile advertising campaigns and the factors contributing to their success. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the advertising space and its influencing factors. First, the study investigates factors that influence mobile advertising from both the industry’s and consumer’s point of view. Second, based on a review of previous studies in the field, the author proposes a conceptual model for mobile advertising, which categorizes the factors in different groups and provides a holistic view of their impact in the mobile advertising space.

Early Surgical Repair of Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear Minimizes the Progression of Meniscal Extrusion: 2-Year Follow-up of Clinical and Radiographic Parameters After Arthroscopic Transtibial Pull-out Repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 2692-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Soo Moon ◽  
Chong-Hyuk Choi ◽  
Min Jung ◽  
Dae-Young Lee ◽  
Seung-Pyo Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Root Tear ◽  
Meniscal Extrusion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Preoperative Symptom ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Radiographic Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Group 1

Background: Conflicting results have been reported concerning the progression of medial meniscal extrusion (MME) after arthroscopic transtibial pull-out repair of medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMRT), and no study has evaluated the relevant factors affecting the progression of MME. Purpose: To (1) evaluate the subjective and objective surgical outcomes of arthroscopic transtibial pull-out repair of MMRT and (2) identify relevant factors affecting the progression of MME after surgery. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 63 patients who underwent isolated arthroscopic transtibial pull-out repair of MMRT between January 2010 and June 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical scores and various radiographic parameters were evaluated to assess the surgical outcomes. The patients were classified into 2 groups according to the change in medial meniscal extrusion ratio (MMER) at 1 year after surgery compared with before surgery (group 1 consisted of 21 patients with reduced or maintained MMER; group 2 consisted of 42 patients with increased MMER). Variables including baseline demographics, radiographic parameters, and arthroscopic findings were compared to identify relevant factors affecting the progression of MME after surgery. Results: In the overall cohort, clinical outcomes at postoperative 2 years improved significantly ( P < .001 for visual analog scale score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score, and Lysholm score), whereas radiographic parameters showed an overall deterioration compared with the preoperative level. In subgroup comparisons, a significant difference was seen in the time from the onset of symptoms until surgery ( P < .001), defined as preoperative symptom duration, which a subsequent logistic regression analysis revealed to be a relevant factor associated with the progression of MMER ( P = .015). Both groups showed progression of radiographic osteoarthritis, but the progression was significantly higher in group 2 compared with group 1 at postoperative 2 years ( P = .032). On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff point for preoperative symptom duration associated with the progression of MMER was 13 weeks (sensitivity, 52.4%; specificity, 76.2%; accuracy, 72.4%). Conclusion: The arthroscopic transtibial pull-out repair of MMRT showed clinical improvement but did not prevent the progression of knee osteoarthritis, MME, or MMER. Although the preservation of MMER was not capable of completely preventing the progression of knee degeneration, MMER still has a potential clinical value in delaying the rate of progression of knee degeneration. Early surgical repair of MMRT, within 13 weeks from the onset of symptoms, might be helpful to prevent the progression of MME.

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