scholarly journals Status Change Model of Interethnic Riots

Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Sandra Marker
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Change Model ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Trigger Event ◽  
The Status

The status change riot model opens up a new avenue of riot explanation. One that takes into consideration ethnic group relations and factors of group status and honor—i.e., dignity. The riot model asserts that the potential for a riot arises when new and old concepts about group statuses, and as such, ideas about appropriate intergroup behaviors, give rise to disputative intergroup interactions. The model affirms that a trigger event either by itself or in accumulation with other events drives actors to a dignity threshold that prompts them to riot. The model further relates that, once started, a riot will follow a general riot pattern that ends in either a status resolution or an increased strain in ethnic group relations.

Ethnic Group Status Differences in the Ethnic Identity--> Prejudice Relationship

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Soto ◽  
Dawn Fassih ◽  
Debby Martin ◽  
James Hsiao ◽  
Michele Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Status Differences

Politicians of the Sacred Grove: Citizenship and Ethnicity in Southern Senegal

Africa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status

AbstractThis article examines the traditional initiation of the former Senegalese Minister of Agriculture. At the age of fifty-five the Catholic Minister was initiated into the secrets of the sacred grove and thus acquired the status of adult man. The article demonstrates that Jola ethnic discourse, in which male initiation has become an important symbol, forced the Minister to enter the grove. His initiation turned him into a full member of the Jola ethnic group and qualified him as a trustworhty man capable of representing the people. In the campaign of the Socialist Party internal elections the Minister's initiation nevertheless became a major issue. The electorate did not show unswerving loyalty to ‘their’ Minister and nominated a non-initiate. The electorate suddenly changed their standards of apt political representation. The article contributes to the contemporary debate on citizenship and primary patriotism by showing that the Senegalese easily shift their position from subject to citizen, and thus empower themselves vis-à-vis elusive politicians. It also shows that politicians penetrate Jola practices of secrecy and thereby further the Jola's integration into the national public sphere.

Concluding Observations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Fennell
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Racial Ideologies ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
The U.S

These case studies of the Virginia and Illinois regions have been presented with diverging themes of ethnicities and racism. At a practical level, analytic concepts of ethnicities can be employed effectively to understand some places, times, and populations. One should expect change in these social networks, often within just a few decades. For other times, locations, and communities, the impacts of racial ideologies make the analysis of racism a more productive approach. That contrast of ethnicity and racism arises in larger-scale debates concerning the usefulness of these two conceptual frameworks. Researchers have frequently examined the question of whether an analytic concept of racism is better replaced by concepts of ethnic group relations. No consensus has emerged over decades of debates. Scholars in some regions are affected by “post-racial” political agendas that influence them to depart from the terminology of racism in favor of alternative concepts of ethnicities. Such initiatives have impacted researchers in South Africa. They often frame their research within the broader social context of the post-racial policies of the Mandela presidency and later administrations. The U.S. certainly has not entered such a post-racial era.

Correlation of Expression of Breast Biomarkers in Primary and Metastatic Breast Carcinomas: A Single-Institution Experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Hou ◽  
Rulong Shen ◽  
Shweta Chaudhary ◽  
Faye Gao ◽  
Zaibo Li
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Her2 Status ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
The Status

Objective: Changes in the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in metastatic breast carcinomas are frequently reported. We examined the change in the status of biomarkers in metastatic breast carcinomas. Study Design: This study cohort was composed of 137 metastatic breast carcinomas (58 surgical and 79 cytological specimens) with existing primary tumors during a study period from 2013 to 2015. Results: The overall change rates in metastases were 9, 21 and 6% for ER, PR and HER2, respectively. All changes were from positive in the primary tumor to negative in the metastases. The ER change rate was significantly higher in the cytological than in the surgical metastases. Six of 14 cytological metastases with positive HER2 in primary tumors showed a change in HER2 status, including 5 fluid specimens and 1 fine-needle aspiration (FNA); the other 8 had no change in HER2 status, and included 7 FNAs and 1 fluid specimen. Conclusion: The significant percentage of cases with a change in biomarker status supports the recommendation by the College of American Pathologists to test breast biomarkers in metastases. HER2 status change was mostly identified in fluid specimens; however, the small sample size in our cohort and the fact that HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization was not performed may warrant further studies.

On the use of the IUCN status for the management of trophy hunting

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Palazy ◽  
Christophe Bonenfant ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽  
Franck Courchamp
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Allee Effect ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Bos Javanicus ◽  
Trophy Hunting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status

Context Whether trophy hunting is beneficial or a threat to the conservation of species is an open and hotly debated question. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is in charge of assessing the need for species protection at the global scale and providing a useful guide for sustainable exploitation and conservation. Consideration of the IUCN status in wildlife management and its consequences on the attractiveness of trophy-hunted species remains to be quantified. Aims The present study investigated the link between the IUCN status of the trophy species and its exploitation in 124 taxa. We expected that the number of trophies should be inversely correlated with the IUCN vulnerability status across species. Methods Using the database of the Safari Club International, one of the largest hunting associations worldwide, we investigated the effect (1) of the first status attribution and (2) of an upgrade of the IUCN status on the number of trophies recorded by the Safari Club International, by comparing the average number of trophies 5 years before and after a status change. Key results First, we found that the status attributed by the IUCN in a given year had no effect on the number of recorded trophies during the following 5 years. Second, upgrading the IUCN status led to an important decrease in the number of recorded trophies for most species (75%), except for the most vulnerable ones (African elephant, Loxodonta africana; banteng, Bos javanicus; lelwel hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel; European bison, Bison bonasus). Conclusions Our results suggest that although a protective IUCN status lowers the exploitation of the moderately threatened species, hunting pressure on the most threatened one increases instead. The findings support the possibility of an anthropogenic Allee effect (AAE), i.e. a disproportionate exploitation of the rarest species. Implications The highly profitable exploitation of rare species could have harmful consequences, unless appropriate management actions and protection rules are enforced.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE CONTEXT NAMING SYSTEM BATAK TOBA CULTURE

JURNAL BASIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Dairi Sapta Rindu Simanjuntak ◽  
Yunisa Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Status ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Language Context

A name as part of a language used as a marker of a person's identity. The name will also show the culture of the owner of the name. For example, if you hear the names Johannes, Markus, Samsul, Pardomuan, Rumondang, Sujono and Paijo, it will at least give us an idea of the religion or ethnicity of the owners of these names. In this case, the author will try to uncover the naming system on the Batak Toba ethnic group. In Batak Toba culture itself the naming system is given to a person more than once according to the status of the individual. From birth to death, a person will get several names. The purpose of this study is to describe or describe the Batak Toba ethnic naming system. Data collection is done by capable methods, notes, and records.  The capable method of fishing technique is used to dig up data from informants. The data that has been obtained is recorded and simultaneously recorded. For this method of ability the author selected two informants who were 62 years old. The naming system in batak toba culture is (1) naming in the period before acquiring offspring; (2) Giving a name before being given the real name (prename), (3) Goar Sihadakdanahon (real name / since birth). In goar sihadakdanahon there are several examples of naming taken from the names of the week found in huria Christian Batak Protestant, especially for those who adhere to Christianity. The names are Trinitatis, Letare, Judika, Rogate, Advent, Exaudi, Sebtu Egatima, Seksagesima, Estomihi, Invokatif, Renimiscere, Okuli, Palmarum, Quatimodogenic, Nisericordiasdomini, Jubilate, Kantate, Ephipanias, and Pentekosta, (4) Panggoaran (name of the eldest child/grandson), (5) Goar-goar (nickname), (6) Marga (family name/relative) (7) Naming by Origin or place of birth.

scholarly journals A supervised method for object-based 3D building change detection on aerial stereo images

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-3 ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Qin ◽  
A. Gruen
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Status

There is a great demand for studying the changes of buildings over time. The current trend for building change detection combines the orthophoto and DSM (Digital Surface Models). The pixel-based change detection methods are very sensitive to the quality of the images and DSMs, while the object-based methods are more robust towards these problems. In this paper, we propose a supervised method for building change detection. After a segment-based SVM (Support Vector Machine) classification with features extracted from the orthophoto and DSM, we focus on the detection of the building changes of different periods by measuring their height and texture differences, as well as their shapes. A decision tree analysis is used to assess the probability of change for each building segment and the traffic lighting system is used to indicate the status "change", "non-change" and "uncertain change" for building segments. The proposed method is applied to scanned aerial photos of the city of Zurich in 2002 and 2007, and the results have demonstrated that our method is able to achieve high detection accuracy.

scholarly journals Promoting ethnic relations in the current Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 096-106
Author(s):  
Mohamed Shemsedin Ziyad
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ethnic Organization

One of the greatest challenges of Ethiopia is to promote wider societal development because the notions of ethnicity are fall prey to atomized competitions, hostility, or conflicts. These fraudulent competitions are directed in the struggle for political power, public offices, and socioeconomic opportunities by mobilizing their constituencies to think except ‘their own members’ are in power, they are unable to secure the national benefits. Nevertheless, ethnicity does neither inherently revolutionary nor impermeable, as many multi-ethnic nations do not have major troubles with their diversities but are a potential factor for cultivation. Understanding the psychological perspective that improves ethnic group relations of the family can assist notify involvements to enhance ethnic group members of the family. This seminar examines social psychological manners of ethnic perception and relation which are fundamental to promote ethnic members of the family and discusses how those forces may be forwarded to enhance ethnic organization members of the family, regularly through the enchaining of high-quality ethnic organization contact. I similarly keep in mind how promoting ethnic relationships advantaged and deprived corporations may also reply differently at the manner to involvements, and how a focal point frequently on improving high-quality ethnic group attitudes may also fall brief of ameliorating structural inequality among societies. I pick out modern conceptual and realistic demanding situations and advocate guidelines for the future. The result of the study shows that social psychology contributes undoubtedly to society via promoting social harmony, positive, cooperative relationships among contributors of various companies reduces tension and may generalize the significance of organization memberships, improves shared identities, and tremendously apprehending organization variations. Emphasized ethnic group relations at the local area by relating to Eastern Hararghe Zone of Amahara, Oromo, Somali, and other ethnics where living, cultures particularly, in Jarso Woreda is on the individual, which in its worst forms of ethnic relations can foster selfishness or indifference to others. However, promoting a sense of relations goes beyond a single ethnic group rather focus on interdependence and relationships.

Prediction of Track Geometry Status Based on Gray Forecast-Kalman Filter Analysis

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaolong Jia ◽  
Weixiang Xu ◽  
Hanning Wang
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Recursive Algorithm ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Real Change ◽  
The Status ◽  
Change Tendency ◽  
Filter Analysis ◽  
Track Status

Excellent condition of track geometry status is the foundation to ensure train travel security. The detection data of track inspection car contains many valuable features of the track status. The technique of gray forecast and Kalman filtering can be used to investigate the problem and predict the status change of the track geometry. In this paper, gray forecast is used in qualitative analysis of track geometry status changes, and we predict the development of track geometry status change using the Kalman filter prediction model and specific recursive algorithm, established prediction model of the track geometry to make an emulation experiment to analyze the data that track inspection car has detected, and predict changing trends of track geometry the state. Experiment results show that the application model of improved Kalman filter to predict the track geometry status changes gets a higher accuracy, and it can reflect the real change tendency of the track status.

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