scholarly journals Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) as Green Extraction Media of Beneficial Bioactive Phytochemicals

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Ali Sami Dheyab ◽  
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohamed Alomar ◽  
Siti Fatimah Sabran ◽  
Ahmad Fathi Muhamad Hanafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a mixture of two or more components and are classified as ionic solvents with special properties such as low volatility, high solubility, low melting points, low-cost materials and are less toxic to humans. Using DES has been suggested as an eco-friendly, green method for extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and are a safe alternative for nutritional, pharmaceutical and various sector applications. Conventional solvent extraction methods present drawbacks such as long extraction period, safety issues, harmful to the environment, costly and large volume of solvents required. The extraction method with DES leads to higher extraction yield and better bioactivity results as compared to the conventional solvents. This review provides a summary of research progress regarding the advantages of using DES to extract bioactive compounds such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, isoflavones, catechins, polysaccharides, curcuminoids, proanthocyanidin, phycocyanin, gingerols, ginsenosides, anthocyanin, xanthone, volatile monoterpenes, tannins, lignin, pectin, rutin, tert-butyl hydroquinone, chlorogenic acids, resveratrol and others, as opposed to using conventional solvents. The bioactivity of the extracts is determined using antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Hence, DESs are considered potential green media with selective and efficient properties for extracting bioactive ingredients from medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Green Extraction Methods for Active Compounds from Food Waste—Cocoa Bean Shell

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlović ◽  
Jokić ◽  
Jakovljević ◽  
Blažić ◽  
Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Dpph Method

This is the first report on the extraction of cocoa bean shell (CBS) using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Screening results with 16 different choline chloride-based DESs showed how choline chloride:oxalic acid DES was the most suitable solvent for the extraction of the bioactive compounds from CBS and that concentrations varied greatly depending on the used solvent. The DES extraction was compared to the DESs coupled with microwave extraction (MAE), and the yields of the extracted compounds were higher for DES/MAE. For theobromine, the obtained yields for DES extraction were 2.145–4.682 mg/g, and for caffeine, were 0.681–1.524 mg/g, whereas for DES/MAE, the same compounds were obtained in 2.502–5.004 mg/g and 0.778–1.599 mg/g. Antioxidant activity was also determined, using DPPH method, obtaining 24.027–74.805% activity for DES extraction and 11.751–55.444% for DES/MAE. Water content significantly influenced the extraction of targeted active compounds from CBS, whereas extraction time and temperature did not show statistically significant influence. The extraction temperature only influenced antioxidant activity. The study demonstrated how extraction using DES and microwaves could be of a great importance in the future trends of green chemistry for the production of CBS extracts rich in bioactive compounds.

Computer Automated Prediction of Potential Therapeutic and Toxicity Protein Targets of Bioactive Compounds from Chinese Medicinal Plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Chen ◽  
C. Y. Ung
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Automated Identification ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Plants

Understanding the molecular mechanism and pharmacology of bioactive compounds from Chinese medicinal plants (CMP) is important in facilitating scientific evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches in traditional Chinese medicine. It is also of significance in new drug development based on the mechanism of Chinese medicine. A key step towards this task is the determination of the therapeutic and toxicity protein targets of CMP compounds. In this work, newly developed computer software INVDOCK is used for automated identification of potential therapeutic and toxicity targets of several bioactive compounds isolated from Chinese medicinal plants. This software searches a protein database to find proteins to which a CMP compound can bind or weakly bind. INVDOCK results on three CMP compounds (allicin, catechin and camptotecin) show that 60% of computer-identified potential therapeutic protein targets and 27% of computer-identified potential toxicity targets have been implicated or confirmed by experiments. This software may potentially be used as a relatively fast-speed and low-cost tool for facilitating the study of molecular mechanism and pharmacology of bioactive compounds from Chinese medicinal plants and natural products from other sources.

scholarly journals Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources and Agricultural By-Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4897
Author(s):  
Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez ◽  
M. Vanessa Torres-Cornejo ◽  
Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera ◽  
Jose A. Mendiola
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
By Products

In this work, a review about the applicability of eutectic solvents, mainly deep eutectic solvents (DES) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural products has been carried out. These alternative solvents have shown not only to have high extraction yields but also to be environmentally friendly, exhibiting very low or almost no toxicity, compared to conventional organic solvents. The last trends and main extraction methods that have been most widely used in studies using these emerging solvents have been reviewed, as well as the varied natural sources in which they have been used, including agro-food by-products. Besides the toxicity, biodegradability of these solvents is reviewed. Likewise, different reported bioactivity tests have been included, in which extracts obtained with these ecological solvents have been tested from antioxidant activity analysis to in vivo studies with rats, through in vitro cytotoxicity tests.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS EXTRACTION FROM PURPLE BASIL LEAF BY CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE ASSISTED EXTRACTION METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Basak ebru Ozcan ◽  
Osman Sagdic ◽  
Salih Karasu ◽  
Kubra Ozkan ◽  
Alican Akcicek
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Extraction ◽  
Optimum Extraction

The present study aimed to determine the optimum extraction conditions of conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) techniques to obtain maximum total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total anthocyanin (TAC) and antioxidant capacity (AA). Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to determine optimum points of CSE and MAE. Both two extraction methods, all parameters significantly affected TPC, AA, TFC and TAC (p<0.05). MAE showed higher bioactive compounds yield than that of CSE.  Optimum point for CSE and MAE was found to be 60°C and 30 min and 591.83 W and 2.98 min respectively. TPC, AA, TFC and TAC were obtained as 33.81mg/g, 160.27 mg/g, 11.89 mg/g and 331.01 mg/kg for CSE and 62.99 mg/g, 214.62 mg/g, 21.80 mg/g and 3462.93 mg/kg for MAE respectively. This study recommended that the MAE should be used for the extraction of PBL to increase phenolic extraction yield.

Comparison of Conventional and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Techniques for Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Coconut Husk

2019 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Attapon Nitiwattananon ◽  
Saipin Thanachasai
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Conventional Extraction

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was compared with conventional extraction methods, including conventional solvent extraction without agitation (CSE), conventional solvent extraction with agitation at 50 rpm (CSE50) and 150 rpm (CSE150), for the extraction of phenolic compounds from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) husk. The extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were examined. The antioxidant capacity of C. nucifera extracts was determined by using 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. Experimental results showed that UAE gave the highest extraction yield, TPC, TFC and antioxidant capacities (ABTS and DPPH), followed by CSE150, CSE50 and CSE, respectively. UAE was found to be more effective than conventional extraction methods. Conventional solvent extraction with higher agitation speed exhibited higher extraction efficiency than those with lower agitation speed and without agitation.

scholarly journals Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace via Water-Induced Hydrocolloidal Complexation

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayesree Nagarajan ◽  
Hang Pui Kay ◽  
Nagendra Prasad Krishnamurthy ◽  
Nagasundara Ramanan Ramakrishnan ◽  
Turki M. S. Aldawoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Tomato Pomace ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction

Agro-industrial waste is a largely untapped natural resource of bioactive compounds including carotenoids and pectin. However, conventional solvent extraction involves the excessive use of organic solvents, costly equipment, and tedious operation. These limitations of conventional extraction methods could be prospectively overcome by the carotenoid–pectin hydrocolloidal complexation. The complexation of lycopene and pectin was efficiently promoted in an aqueous environment, resulting in the colloidal complexes that can be subsequently recovered by sedimentation or centrifugation. In this study, the potential of carotenoid–pectin complexation on tomato pomace containing carotenoids and pectin was evaluated. Tomato pomace is a rich source of lycopene, β-carotene as well as pectin, making it suitable as the raw material for the carotenoid extraction. The extraction of carotenoid and pectin from tomato pomace was optimized using response surface methodology. The maximum recovery was 9.43 mg carotenoid fractions/100 g tomato pomace, while the purity of carotenoid-rich fractions was 92%. The antioxidant capacity of carotenoids extracted from the complexation method was found to be higher than that from the solvent extraction method. Moreover, extraction yield and antioxidant capacity of carotenoid obtained from the carotenoid–pectin complexation were comparable to that from solvent extraction. The carotenoid–pectin complexation is a promising green approach to valorize agro by-products for the extraction of valuable carotenoids.

scholarly journals Extraction and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from L. pumila

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Exact Match ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Photodiode Array

This paper presents the comparison of extraction methods between maceration extraction (ME) and ultrasonic assisted extarction (UAE) to the bioactive compounds yield (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, epigallocatechin and rutin) of Labisia pumila. A grinded dried plant material with size ranging 246.58μm to 257.72μm was performed throughout this work. The gallic acid, protoctechuic acid, epigallocatechin and rutin qualification and quantification were performed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled photodiode array (UPLC-PDA). Exact match between the residence time from the plant extract and external standard was found indicating a presence of these four targeted bioactive compounds. It was found that UAE method has the highest extraction yield; gallic acid (0.0293 mg GA/g DW), protocatechuic acid (0.0081 mg PCA/g DW), epigallocatechin (0.0057 mg EGC/g DW) and rutin (0.0038 mg Rutin/g DW) compared to ME. The findings in this work may serve as a useful guide to obtain a highest extraction yield of these four targeted bioactive compounds from L. pumila.

scholarly journals Application of deep eutectic solvents for separation and determination of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 114047
Author(s):  
Alina Kalyniukova ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša ◽  
David Musiolek ◽  
Jana Sedlakova-Kadukova ◽  
Justyna Płotka-Wasylka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents

scholarly journals Optimization of Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Baphicacanthus cusia Leaves by Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1729
Author(s):  
Zhiqin Xu ◽  
Yini Cai ◽  
Qing Ma ◽  
Zhimin Zhao ◽  
Depo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered as efficient and green solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. In this work, a novel method of DES-based ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Baphicacanthus cusia leaves (BCL) was established. Systematic screening and the morphology of the original and treated BCL were observed with scanning electron microscopy to determine the extraction efficiency of different solvents. The extraction conditions were optimized by Box–Behnken design (BBD) tests and the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: lactic acid/L-menthol ratio of 5: 2 (mol/mol), solid–liquid ratio of 80.0 mL/g and temperature of 60.5 °C. The extraction yields of tryptanthrin, indigo and indirubin reached 0.356, 1.744 and 0.562 mg/g, respectively. The results of a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activity test indicated the feasibility of DESs in the extraction of bioactive compounds. This study indicated that L-menthol/lactic acid was a green and efficient solvent for the extraction of bioactive compounds from BCL, and DES-based ultrasound-assisted extraction could be used as an effective application strategy for the extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Insights on the Extraction Performance of Alkanediols and Glycerol: Using Juglans regia L. Leaves as a Source of Bioactive Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Vieira ◽  
Ricardo C. Calhelha ◽  
Lillian Barros ◽  
João A. P. Coutinho ◽  
Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Porcine Liver ◽  
Alternative Solvents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Walnut Leaves

Glycerol and alkanediols are being studied as alternative solvents to extract phytochemicals from plant material, often as hydrogen bond donors in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Many of those alcohols are liquid at room temperature, yet studies of their use as extraction solvents are scarce. In this work, glycerol and a series of alkanediols (1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, and 1,2-hexanediol) were studied for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Juglans regia L. leaves, a rich source of this class of bioactive compounds. The extraction yield was quantified, and the bioactivity of both extracts and pure solvents was evaluated by measuring the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. The solvents showing the best combined results were 1,2 and 1,3-propanediol, as their extracts presented a high amount of phenolic compounds, close to the results of ethanol, and similar cytotoxicity against cervical carcinoma cells, with no impact on non-tumor porcine liver cells in the studied concentration range. On the other hand, none of the extracts (and solvents) presented anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, the results obtained in this work contribute to the study of alternative solvents that could potentially be used also as formulation media, highlighting the importance of walnut leaves as a source of bioactive compounds.

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