Thermodynamic Jump from Prebiotic Microsystems to Primary Living Cells

Sci ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kompanichenko
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Schematic Representation ◽  
Hydrothermal Environment ◽  
Continuous Chemical

It is proposed that the primary living cells (“probionts”) cannot emerge of organic substance simply by continuous chemical complication of prebiotic macromolecules and microsystems. The complication must be accompanied by the radical thermodynamic transformation (“jump”) of prebiotic microsystems that resulted in the acquired ability to extract free energy from the environment and export entropy. This transformation is called “the thermodynamic inversion” The inversion may occur by means of the efficient (intensified) response of the microsystems on the oscillations of physic-chemical parameters in hydrothermal environment. In this case the surplus available free energy within a microsystem, when combined with the informational modality, facilitates its conversion into a new microsystem—a living probiont. It is shown the schematic representation of an oscillating prebiotic microsystem that is transforming into a living probiont. A new kind of laboratory and computational experiments on prebiotic chemistry under oscillating conditions is offered to verify the inversion concept.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Jump from Prebiotic Microsystems to Primary Living Cells

Sci ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Schematic Representation ◽  
Hydrothermal Environment ◽  
Continuous Chemical

It is proposed that the primary living cells (“probionts”) cannot emerge of organic substance simply by continuous chemical complication of prebiotic macromolecules and microsystems. The complication must be accompanied by the radical thermodynamic transformation (“jump”) of prebiotic microsystems that resulted in the acquired ability to extract free energy from the environment and export entropy. This transformation is called “the thermodynamic inversion” The inversion may occur by means of the efficient (intensified) response of the microsystems on the oscillations of physic-chemical parameters in hydrothermal environment. In this case the surplus available free energy within a microsystem, when combined with the informational modality, facilitates its conversion into a new microsystem—a living probiont. It is shown the schematic representation of an oscillating prebiotic microsystem that is transforming into a living probiont. A new kind of laboratory and computational experiments on prebiotic chemistry under oscillating conditions is offered to verify the inversion concept.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Jump from Prebiotic Microsystems to Primary Living Cells

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kompanichenko
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Schematic Representation ◽  
Hydrothermal Environment ◽  
Continuous Chemical

It is proposed that the primary living cells (“probionts”) cannot emerge of organic substance simply by continuous chemical complication of prebiotic macromolecules and microsystems. The complication must be accompanied by the radical thermodynamic transformation (“jump”) of prebiotic microsystems that resulted in the acquired ability to extract free energy from the environment and export entropy. This transformation is called “the thermodynamic inversion” The inversion may occur by means of the efficient (intensified) response of the microsystems on the oscillations of physic-chemical parameters in hydrothermal environment. In this case the surplus available free energy within a microsystem, when combined with the informational modality, facilitates its conversion into a new microsystem—a living probiont. It is shown the schematic representation of an oscillating prebiotic microsystem that is transforming into a living probiont. A new kind of laboratory and computational experiments on prebiotic chemistry under oscillating conditions is offered to verify the inversion concept.

scholarly journals An XPS study of HCN-derived films on pyrite surfaces: a prebiotic chemistry standpoint towards the development of protective coatings

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (33) ◽  
pp. 20109-20117
Author(s):  
Cristina Pérez-Fernández ◽  
Marta Ruiz-Bermejo ◽  
Santos Gálvez-Martínez ◽  
Eva Mateo-Martí
Keyword(s):  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Pyrite Surface ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Hydrothermal Environment ◽  
Xps Study

Alkaline hydrothermal environment led to a NH4CN-based film with protective corrosion properties on the highly reactive pyrite surface.

Study the Effect of Magnetized Water on Some of the Chemical Parameters for EBT Complexes with Some of M2+ Ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-257
Author(s):  
Rawa a Abass Majeed Rawa a Abass Majeed ◽  
Wissam Sallal Ulaiwi Wissam Sallal Ulaiwi ◽  
and Mohammed Faiad Naief and Mohammed Faiad Naief
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Stability Constant ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Eriochrome Black T ◽  
Magnetized Water ◽  
Oscillation Strength ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Magnetic Water

In this paper, the effect of magnetized water on the stability constant Kst, oscillation strength f, molar extinction coefficient εmax and Gibbs free energy ΔG for complexes was investigated. Complexes of Eriochrome black T (EBT) as a ligand with Ca2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ ions were prepared for this purpos. The stability constant values of the complexes found to be decreased by using magnetic water in their preparation except for EBT-Ca complex. Both Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions showed deviation from Irving-Williams order. The oscillation strength shows the type of spectrum is absorption spectrum for all complexes and in both in magnetized and non-magnetized water. εmax found to be increased by using magnetized water over than non-magnetized water. The stability constants for the complexes calculate analytically by applying jobs method and Yoe and Jones method.

scholarly journals Estimate of the Free Energy Using Calculations of Dynamics in the Semiclassical Holstein Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
В.Д. Лахно ◽  
V.D. Lakhno
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Holstein Model

We considered two ways of finding the free energy, using thermodynamic equilibrium characteristics, which are calculated by direct computational experiments. The results of calculations are described for homogeneous nucleotide dimers AA, GG and TT. Both of these methods yield similar results for biologically relevant temperatures.

Encultured minds, not error reduction minds

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mirski ◽  
Mark H. Bickhard ◽  
David Eck ◽  
Arkadiusz Gut
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Error Reduction ◽  
Energy Principle ◽  
Free Energy Principle ◽  
Current Article

Abstract There are serious theoretical problems with the free-energy principle model, which are shown in the current article. We discuss the proposed model's inability to account for culturally emergent normativities, and point out the foundational issues that we claim this inability stems from.

Fluorescence ratio imaging of dynamic intracellular ionic signals

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
R. Y. Tsien ◽  
A. Minta ◽  
M. Poenie ◽  
J.P.Y. Kao ◽  
A. Harootunian
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Ph Indicators ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Fluorescence Ratio Imaging ◽  
Ratio Imaging ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Indicator Dyes ◽  
Fluorescein Dyes

Recent technical advances now enable the continuous imaging of important ionic signals inside individual living cells with micron spatial resolution and subsecond time resolution. This methodology relies on the molecular engineering of indicator dyes whose fluorescence is strong and highly sensitive to ions such as Ca2+, H+, or Na+, or Mg2+. The Ca2+ indicators, exemplified by fura-2 and indo-1, derive their high affinity (Kd near 200 nM) and selectivity for Ca2+ to a versatile tetracarboxylate binding site3 modeled on and isosteric with the well known chelator EGTA. The most commonly used pH indicators are fluorescein dyes (such as BCECF) modified to adjust their pKa's and improve their retention inside cells. Na+ indicators are crown ethers with cavity sizes chosen to select Na+ over K+: Mg2+ indicators use tricarboxylate binding sites truncated from those of the Ca2+ chelators, resulting in a more compact arrangement of carboxylates to suit the smaller ion.

Application of FRAP and digitized fluorescence microscopy to problems in cell membrane dynamics

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
K. Jacobson ◽  
A. Ishihara ◽  
B. Holifield ◽  
F. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Cell Biology ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Single Living Cells ◽  
Single Living

Our laboratory is concerned with understanding the dynamic structure of the plasma membrane with particular reference to the movement of membrane constituents during cell locomotion. In addition to the standard tools of molecular cell biology, we employ both fluorescence recovery after photo- bleaching (FRAP) and digitized fluorescence microscopy (DFM) to investigate individual cells. FRAP allows the measurement of translational mobility of membrane and cytoplasmic molecules in small regions of single, living cells. DFM is really a new form of light microscopy in that the distribution of individual classes of ions, molecules, and macromolecules can be followed in single, living cells. By employing fluorescent antibodies to defined antigens or fluorescent analogs of cellular constituents as well as ultrasensitive, electronic image detectors and video image averaging to improve signal to noise, fluorescent images of living cells can be acquired over an extended period without significant fading and loss of cell viability.

Multimode light microscopy and fluorescence-based reagents as tools for the study of chemical and molecular dynamics of living cells and tissues

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
D. L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Living Cells ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Structural Methods

Cells function through the complex temporal and spatial interplay of ions, metabolites, macromolecules and macromolecular assemblies. Biochemical approaches allow the investigator to define the components and the solution chemical reactions that might be involved in cellular functions. Static structural methods can yield information concerning the 2- and 3-D organization of known and unknown cellular constituents. Genetic and molecular techniques are powerful approaches that can alter specific functions through the manipulation of gene products and thus identify necessary components and sequences of molecular events. However, full knowledge of the mechanism of particular cell functions will require direct measurement of the interplay of cellular constituents. Therefore, there has been a need to develop methods that can yield chemical and molecular information in time and space in living cells, while allowing the integration of information from biochemical, molecular and genetic approaches at the cellular level.

4-dimensional, high-resolution imaging of living cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Shinya Inoué
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Active Living ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Architecture ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Disk Memory

This paper reports progress of our effort to rapidly capture, and display in time-lapsed mode, the 3-dimensional dynamic architecture of active living cells and developing embryos at the highest resolution of the light microscope. Our approach entails: (A) real-time video tape recording of through-focal, ultrathin optical sections of live cells at the highest resolution of the light microscope; (B) repeat of A at time-lapsed intervals; (C) once each time-lapsed interval, an image at home focus is recorded onto Optical Disk Memory Recorder (OMDR); (D) periods of interest are selected using the OMDR and video tape records; (E) selected stacks of optical sections are converted into plane projections representing different view angles (±4 degrees for stereo view, additional angles when revolving stereos are desired); (F) analysis using A - D.

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