scholarly journals Biosensors as Nano-Analytical Tools for COVID-19 Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7823
Author(s):  
Anchal Pradhan ◽  
Preeti Lahare ◽  
Priyank Sinha ◽  
Namrata Singh ◽  
Bhanushree Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Assay Time ◽  
Analytical Tools

Selective, sensitive and affordable techniques to detect disease and underlying health issues have been developed recently. Biosensors as nanoanalytical tools have taken a front seat in this context. Nanotechnology-enabled progress in the health sector has aided in disease and pandemic management at a very early stage efficiently. This report reflects the state-of-the-art of nanobiosensor-based virus detection technology in terms of their detection methods, targets, limits of detection, range, sensitivity, assay time, etc. The article effectively summarizes the challenges with traditional technologies and newly emerging biosensors, including the nanotechnology-based detection kit for COVID-19; optically enhanced technology; and electrochemical, smart and wearable enabled nanobiosensors. The less explored but crucial piezoelectric nanobiosensor and the reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)-based biosensor are also discussed here. The article could be of significance to researchers and doctors dedicated to developing potent, versatile biosensors for the rapid identification of COVID-19. This kind of report is needed for selecting suitable treatments and to avert epidemics.

scholarly journals Application of digital PCR (dPCR) in the detection of Covid-19 in food

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
Hua Liu ◽  
Shanti dwita Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Multiple Target ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Virus Safety ◽  
Pcr Technology

Covid-19 detection in food is an effective solution to ensure the accurate detection rate of Covid-19. The difficulties and detection methods of food virus safety detection and the feasibility of digital PCR detection technology are analyzed. The main parameters and characteristics of dPCR technology and other PCR technologies are compared. The application of dPCR technology in the detection of food viruses and pathogenic bacteria, the application of dPCR technology in the preparation and purity verification of Covid-19 RNA reference material, and the steps and methods of dPCR technology in food testing Covid-19 were expounded. Compared with traditional detection methods, digital PCR technology has great advantages in virus detection limit and stability. dPCR will develop towards high flux and automation, and achieve the absolute quantification of multiple target sequences at low cost. It will help to play a crucial role in the detection of covid-19 in food.

Prostate Cancer: Biology, Incidence, Detection Methods, Treatment Methods, and Vaccines

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 847-854
Author(s):  
Ronald Bartzatt
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Risk Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hormone Refractory

Cancer of the prostate are cancers in which most incidences are slow-growing, and in the U.S., a record of 1.2 million new cases of prostate cancer occurred in 2018. The rates of this type of cancer have been increasing in developing nations. The risk factors for prostate cancer include age, family history, and obesity. It is believed that the rate of prostate cancer is correlated with the Western diet. Various advances in methods of radiotherapy have contributed to lowering morbidity. Therapy for hormone- refractory prostate cancer is making progress, for almost all men with metastases will proceed to hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Smoking cigarettes along with the presence of prostate cancer has been shown to cause a higher risk of mortality in prostate cancer. The serious outcome of incontinence and erectile dysfunction result from the cancer treatment of surgery and radiation, particularly for prostate- specific antigen detected cancers that will not cause morbidity or mortality. Families of patients, as well as patients, are profoundly affected following the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Poor communication between spouses during prostate cancer increases the risk for poor adjustment to prostate cancer. The use of serum prostate-specific antigen to screen for prostate cancer has led to a greater detection, in its early stage, of this cancer. Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in American men, accounting for more than 29% of all diagnosed cancers and about 13% of all cancer deaths. A shortened course of hormonal therapy with docetaxel following radical prostatectomy (or radiation therapy) for high-risk prostate cancer has been shown to be both safe and feasible. Patients treated with docetaxel-estramustine had a prostate-specific antigen response decline of at least 50%. Cancer vaccines are an immune-based cancer treatment that may provide the promise of a non-toxic but efficacious therapeutic alternative for cancer patients. Further studies will elucidate improved methods of detection and treatment.

scholarly journals Testing the Mig-HealthCare Algorithm in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Riza ◽  
P Karnaki ◽  
D Zota ◽  
A Linos
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract The Mig-HealthCare Algorithm is a tool, comprising a set of questions developed with the aim to (a) guide the user on how to access all the categories and tools that are available through the Roadmap & Toolbox (b) help the user identify the health issues of importance when providing care to a specific migrant/refugee. At the end of a series of questions, a brief report summarizing the main outcomes is generated. The algorithm was tested in Greece in two mainland reception centres and a local hospital in an area serving migrants/refugees. Results discuss the usefulness of the algorithm for improving the delivery of appropriate health services to migrants/refugees and its importance in raising awareness about the health conditions which are crucial for migrants/refugees and are expected to pose a significant burden on the health care systems of host countries unless dealt with adequately at an early stage.

scholarly journals Viruses and Type 1 Diabetes: From Enteroviruses to the Virome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Sonia R. Isaacs ◽  
Dylan B. Foskett ◽  
Anna J. Maxwell ◽  
Emily J. Ward ◽  
Clare L. Faulkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Drug Candidates

For over a century, viruses have left a long trail of evidence implicating them as frequent suspects in the development of type 1 diabetes. Through vigorous interrogation of viral infections in individuals with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes using serological and molecular virus detection methods, as well as mechanistic studies of virus-infected human pancreatic β-cells, the prime suspects have been narrowed down to predominantly human enteroviruses. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of evidence supporting the hypothesised role of enteroviruses in the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. We also discuss concerns over the historical focus and investigation bias toward enteroviruses and summarise current unbiased efforts aimed at characterising the complete population of viruses (the “virome”) contributing early in life to the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Finally, we review the range of vaccine and antiviral drug candidates currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the prevention and potential treatment of type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals The virome of German bats: comparing virus discovery approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kohl ◽  
Annika Brinkmann ◽  
Aleksandar Radonić ◽  
Piotr Wojtek Dabrowski ◽  
Kristin Mühldorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Virus Discovery ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Viral Sequences

AbstractBats are known to be reservoirs of several highly pathogenic viruses. Hence, the interest in bat virus discovery has been increasing rapidly over the last decade. So far, most studies have focused on a single type of virus detection method, either PCR, virus isolation or virome sequencing. Here we present a comprehensive approach in virus discovery, using all three discovery methods on samples from the same bats. By family-specific PCR screening we found sequences of paramyxoviruses, adenoviruses, herpesviruses and one coronavirus. By cell culture we isolated a novel bat adenovirus and bat orthoreovirus. Virome sequencing revealed viral sequences of ten different virus families and orders: three bat nairoviruses, three phenuiviruses, one orbivirus, one rotavirus, one orthoreovirus, one mononegavirus, five parvoviruses, seven picornaviruses, three retroviruses, one totivirus and two thymoviruses were discovered. Of all viruses identified by family-specific PCR in the original samples, none was found by metagenomic sequencing. Vice versa, none of the viruses found by the metagenomic virome approach was detected by family-specific PCRs targeting the same family. The discrepancy of detected viruses by different detection approaches suggests that a combined approach using different detection methods is necessary for virus discovery studies.

A rapid and accurate method for screening T-2 toxin in food and feed using competitive AlphaLISA

2021 ◽  
Vol 368 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Zhang ◽  
Qingyu Lv ◽  
Yuling Zheng ◽  
Xuan Chen ◽  
Decong Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Feed Samples ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT T-2 is a common mycotoxin contaminating cereal crops. Chronic consumption of food contaminated with T-2 toxin can lead to death, so simple and accurate detection methods in food and feed are necessary. In this paper, we establish a highly sensitive and accurate method for detecting T-2 toxin using AlphaLISA. The system consists of acceptor beads labeled with T-2-bovine serum albumin (BSA), streptavidin-labeled donor beads and biotinylated T-2 antibodies. T-2 in the sample matrix competes with T-2-BSA for antibodies. Adding biotinylated antibodies to the test well followed by T-2 and T-2-BSA acceptor beads yielded a detection range of 0.03–500 ng/mL. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 2.28 ng/mL and the coefficient of variation was <10%. In addition, this method had no cross-reaction with other related mycotoxins. This optimized method for extracting T-2 from food and feed samples achieved a recovery rate of approximately 90% in T-2 concentrations as low as 1 ng/mL, better than the performance of a commercial ELISA kit. This competitive AlphaLISA method offers high sensitivity, good specificity, good repeatability and simple operation for detecting T-2 toxin in food and feed.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Plasmonic Sensors of Phenol and Its Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10519
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Hoàng Ly ◽  
Sang Jun Son ◽  
Ho Hyun Kim ◽  
Sang-Woo Joo
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
Trace Detection ◽  
Toxic Response ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Analytical Tools

Many scientists are increasingly interested in on-site detection methods of phenol and its derivatives because these substances have been universally used as a significant raw material in the industrial manufacturing of various chemicals of antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, and so on. The contamination of phenolic compounds in the natural environment is a toxic response that induces harsh impacts on plants, animals, and human health. This mini-review updates recent developments and trends of novel plasmonic resonance nanomaterials, which are assisted by various optical sensors, including colorimetric, fluorescence, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), and plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. These advanced and powerful analytical tools exhibit potential application for ultrahigh sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid detection of phenol and its derivatives. In this report, we mainly emphasize the recent progress and novel trends in the optical sensors of phenolic compounds. The applications of Raman technologies based on pure noble metals, hybrid nanomaterials, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are presented, in which the remaining establishments and challenges are discussed and summarized to inspire the future improvement of scientific optical sensors into easy-to-operate effective platforms for the rapid and trace detection of phenol and its derivatives.

scholarly journals Analysis of Residual Current Flows in Inverter Based Energy Systems Using Machine Learning Approaches

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Holger Behrends ◽  
Dietmar Millinger ◽  
Werner Weihs-Sedivy ◽  
Anže Javornik ◽  
Gerold Roolfs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Residual Current ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Residual Currents ◽  
Current Flows

Faults and unintended conditions in grid-connected photovoltaic systems often cause a change of the residual current. This article describes a novel machine learning based approach to detecting anomalies in the residual current of a photovoltaic system. It can be used to detect faults or critical states at an early stage and extends conventional threshold-based detection methods. For this study, a power-hardware-in-the-loop approach was carried out, in which typical faults have been injected under ideal and realistic operating conditions. The investigation shows that faults in a photovoltaic converter system cause a unique behaviour of the residual current and fault patterns can be detected and identified by using pattern recognition and variational autoencoder machine learning algorithms. In this context, it was found that the residual current is not only affected by malfunctions of the system, but also by volatile external influences. One of the main challenges here is to separate the regular residual currents caused by the interferences from those caused by faults. Compared to conventional methods, which respond to absolute changes in residual current, the two machine learning models detect faults that do not affect the absolute value of the residual current.

scholarly journals A Test Device for Optimize PMU-Based Islanding Detection Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Islanding Detection ◽  
Algorithm Optimization ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Bulk Power

Islanding detection is a necessary function for grid connected distributed generators. Usually, islanding detection methods can be classified as two catalogues: remote detecting methods and local detecting methods. Most of them have limitation and defects when they are applied in photovoltaic power stations. Recently synchronous phasor measuring units (PMU) is proposed to be applied for islanding detecting. Although the islanding detection method is supposed to be applied for traditional bulk power systems, it is also suitable for renewable generation power plants. To do this islanding detection will be implemented on central management unit of photovoltaic power station instead of on grid-tied inverters as traditionally. In implementing, the criteria of this method and the threshold of algorithm are needed to be optimized. This paper develops a test device which can optimize PMU-based islanding detection technology to validate the proposed islanding detection method applying in PV station. Then using simulation to discuss how to set a reasonable threshold for the researched islanding detection method applied in PV stations. Finally the paper provides a platform for the algorithm optimization.

scholarly journals Detection of Breast Cancer using AI Techniques – A Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 08-12
Author(s):  
Riju Bhattacharya ◽  
Diksha Gupta ◽  
Divyatara Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Abnormal Cells

Cancer refers to any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue.Without treatment, it can cause serious health issues andresult in a loss of life. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women around the world. Despite enormous medical progress, breast cancer has still remained the second leading cause of death worldwide. Early detection of cancer may reduce mortality and morbidity. This paper presents a review of the detection methods for cancer through Artificial Intelligence (AI) in different ways. Previously Microscopic reviews of tissues on glass slides are used for cancer diagnostics to improve diagnostic accuracy. We can use different techniques such as digital imaging and artificial intelligence algorithm. Cancer care is also advancing thanks to AI’s ability to collect and process data. Due to the nature of processing this information, the task is often a time-consuming and tedious job for doctors. This process may be made much easier, quicker and efficient through the advancement as well as by using modified technologies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document