scholarly journals Connected Vehicles: Technology Review, State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7712
Author(s):  
Ghadeer Abdelkader ◽  
Khalid Elgazzar ◽  
Alaa Khamis
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Review State

In an effort to reach accident-free milestones or drastically reduce/eliminate road fatalities rates and traffic congestion and to create disruptive, transformational mobility systems and services, different parties (e.g., automakers, universities, governments, and road traffic regulators) have collaborated to research, develop, and test connected vehicle (CV) technologies. CVs create new data-rich environments and are considered key enablers for many applications and services that will make our roads safer, less congested, and more eco-friendly. A deeper understanding of the CV technologies will pave the way to avoid setbacks and will help in developing more innovative applications and breakthroughs. In the CV paradigm, vehicles become smarter by communicating with nearby vehicles, connected infrastructure, and the surroundings. This connectivity will be substantial to support different features and systems, such as adaptive routing, real-time navigation, and slow and near real-time infrastructure. Further examples include environmental sensing, advanced driver-assistance systems, automated driving systems, mobility on demand, and mobility as a service. This article provides a comprehensive review on CV technologies including fundamental challenges, state-of-the-art enabling technologies, innovative applications, and potential opportunities that can benefit automakers, customers, and businesses. The current standardization efforts of the forefront enabling technologies, such as Wi-Fi 6 and 5G-cellular technologies are also reviewed. Different challenges in terms of cooperative computation, privacy/security, and over-the-air updates are discussed. Safety and non-safety applications are described and possible future opportunities that CV technology brings to our life are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Road Traffic Congestion Management Based on a Search-Allocation Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Raiyn
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Shortest Route ◽  
Road Traffic Congestion

Abstract This paper introduces a new scheme for road traffic management in smart cities, aimed at reducing road traffic congestion. The scheme is based on a combination of searching, updating, and allocation techniques (SUA). An SUA approach is proposed to reduce the processing time for forecasting the conditions of all road sections in real-time, which is typically considerable and complex. It searches for the shortest route based on historical observations, then computes travel time forecasts based on vehicular location in real-time. Using updated information, which includes travel time forecasts and accident forecasts, the vehicle is allocated the appropriate section. The novelty of the SUA scheme lies in its updating of vehicles in every time to reduce traffic congestion. Furthermore, the SUA approach supports autonomy and management by self-regulation, which recommends its use in smart cities that support internet of things (IoT) technologies.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF WEBGIS BASED REAL TIME ROAD TRAFFIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-5 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
H. Shankar ◽  
M. Sharma ◽  
K. Oberai ◽  
S. Saran
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Inductive Loop Detector

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Rapid increase in road traffic density results into a serious problem of Traffic Congestion (TC) in cities. During peaks hours TC is very high and hence public search least congested path for their journeys in order to minimize ravel time and hence transportation cost. In this study, a new empirical model was developed to estimate congestion levels using real time road Traffic Parameters (TPs) such as vehicle density, speed, class and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) gap. These real time road TPs were collected using latest generation Inductive Loop Detector (ILD) technology. Further, a WebGIS based Road Traffic Information System (RTIS) for Dehradun city was developed for real time TD analyses and visualisation. This RTIS is very useful for public and user departments for planning and decision making processes. No other such system is available in India, which handles multiple traffic parameters simultaneously to provide solution of day-to-day problems.</p>

scholarly journals Injectable wireless microdevices: challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Khalifa ◽  
Sunwoo Lee ◽  
Alyosha Christopher Molnar ◽  
Sydney Cash
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Implantable Devices ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
New Class ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Injection Techniques ◽  
Review State

AbstractIn the past three decades, we have witnessed unprecedented progress in wireless implantable medical devices that can monitor physiological parameters and interface with the nervous system. These devices are beginning to transform healthcare. To provide an even more stable, safe, effective, and distributed interface, a new class of implantable devices is being developed; injectable wireless microdevices. Thanks to recent advances in micro/nanofabrication techniques and powering/communication methodologies, some wireless implantable devices are now on the scale of dust (< 0.5 mm), enabling their full injection with minimal insertion damage. Here we review state-of-the-art fully injectable microdevices, discuss their injection techniques, and address the current challenges and opportunities for future developments.

scholarly journals Real-time predication and navigation on traffic congestion model with equilibrium Markov chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 155014771876978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zheng ◽  
Yanran Li ◽  
Chung-Ming Own ◽  
Zhaopeng Meng ◽  
Mengya Gao
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Shortest Path Algorithms ◽  
On The Road

With the explosive growth of vehicles on the road, traffic congestion has become an inevitable problem when applying guidance algorithms to transportation networks in a busy and crowded city. In our study, the authors proposed an advanced prediction and navigation models on a dynamic traffic network. In contrast to the traditional shortest path algorithms, focused on the static network, the first part of our guiding method considered the potential traffic jams and was developed to provide the optimal driving advice for the distinct periods of a day. Accordingly, by dividing the real-time Global Positioning System data of taxis in Shenzhen city into 50 regions, the equilibrium Markov chain model was designed for dispatching vehicles and applied to ease the city congestion. With the reveals of our field experiments, the traffic congestion of city traffic networks can be alleviated effectively and efficiently, the system performance also can be retained.

scholarly journals Accident Management System Based on Vehicular Network for an Intelligent Transportation System in Urban Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusor Rafid Bahar Al-Mayouf ◽  
Omar Adil Mahdi ◽  
Namar A. Taha ◽  
Nor Fadzilah Abdullah ◽  
Suleman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Accident Management ◽  
Planning Algorithm

As cities across the world grow and the mobility of populations increases, there has also been a corresponding increase in the number of vehicles on roads. The result of this has been a proliferation of challenges for authorities with regard to road traffic management. A consequence of this has been congestion of traffic, more accidents, and pollution. Accidents are a still major cause of death, despite the development of sophisticated systems for traffic management and other technologies linked with vehicles. Hence, it is necessary that a common system for accident management is developed. For instance, traffic congestion in most urban areas can be alleviated by the real-time planning of routes. However, the designing of an efficient route planning algorithm to attain a globally optimal vehicle control is still a challenge that needs to be solved, especially when the unique preferences of drivers are considered. The aim of this paper is to establish an accident management system that makes use of vehicular ad hoc networks coupled with systems that employ cellular technology in public transport. This system ensures the possibility of real-time communication among vehicles, ambulances, hospitals, roadside units, and central servers. In addition, the accident management system is able to lessen the amount of time required to alert an ambulance that it is required at an accident scene by using a multihop optimal forwarding algorithm. Moreover, an optimal route planning algorithm (ORPA) is proposed in this system to improve the aggregate spatial use of a road network, at the same time bringing down the travel cost of operating a vehicle. This can reduce the incidence of vehicles being stuck on congested roads. Simulations are performed to evaluate ORPA, and the results are compared with existing algorithms. The evaluation results provided evidence that ORPA outperformed others in terms of average ambulance speed and travelling time. Finally, our system makes it easier for ambulance to quickly make their way through traffic congestion so that the chance of saving lives is increased.

scholarly journals Basic Design Architecture of Congestion Notification System: A Real Time Road Traffic Information Enabler

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
J.A. Odeleye ◽  
L.I. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
Road Traffic Congestion

Road traffic congestion is a prominent challenge of today’s urban center. As a push factor of urban centers, it impact negatively on socio-economic well-being of cities. However, contemporary innovative transport technology of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) is bridging the traveler information gaps, through installation and deployment of smart transport infrastructure such as Congestion Notification System at critical traffic intersections and points that aggravate road traffic congestion. This paper therefore provides a detailed explanation on the configuration and basic architecture of a primary Congestion Notification System (CNS) stating its working principles in providing real time road traffic congestion level information to motorist, prior entering the congestion zones or section of the road. Thus, engendering informed decision by motorists on alternative routes rather than the congested route.

scholarly journals Alleviating Road Traffic Congestion with Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guni Sharon
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Implementation Gaps ◽  
Road Traffic Congestion ◽  
Intersection Management

This paper reviews current AI solutions towards road traffic congestion alleviation. Three specific AI technologies are discussed, (1) intersection management protocols for coordinating vehicles through a roads intersection in a safe and efficient manner, (2) road pricing protocol that induce optimized traffic flow, and (3) partial or full autonomous driving that can stabilize traffic flow and mitigate adverse traffic shock waves. The paper briefly presents the challenges affiliated with each of these applications along with an overview of state-of-the-art solutions. Finally, real-world implementation gaps and challenges are discussed.

scholarly journals Advances in Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Possessing Improved Lifetime

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Yicong Yu ◽  
Junyang Cheng ◽  
Yonglong Chen ◽  
Shengjin Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organic Leds ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Optical Effects ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Review State

Recently, perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are seeing an increasing academic and industrial interest with a potential for a broad range of technologies including display, lighting, and signaling. The maximum external quantum efficiency of PeLEDs can overtake 20% nowadays, however, the lifetime of PeLEDs is still far from the demand of practical applications. In this review, state-of-the-art concepts to improve the lifetime of PeLEDs are comprehensively summarized from the perspective of the design of perovskite emitting materials, the innovation of device engineering, the manipulation of optical effects, and the introduction of advanced encapsulations. First, the fundamental concepts determining the lifetime of PeLEDs are presented. Then, the strategies to improve the lifetime of both organic-inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic PeLEDs are highlighted. Particularly, the approaches to manage optical effects and encapsulations for the improved lifetime, which are negligibly studied in PeLEDs, are discussed based on the related concepts of organic LEDs and Cd-based quantum-dot LEDs, which is beneficial to insightfully understand the lifetime of PeLEDs. At last, the challenges and opportunities to further enhance the lifetime of PeLEDs are introduced.

scholarly journals A Personalized Multi-Path and Multi-User Traffic Analysis and Visualization Tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-470
Author(s):  
Cristian Babau ◽  
Marius Marcu ◽  
Mircea Gabriel Tihu ◽  
Daniel George Telbis ◽  
Vladimir Ioan Creţu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Traffic Characterization ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mobile Context

Traffic optimization is a subject that has become vital for the world we live in. People these days need to get from a starting point to a destination point as fast and as safe as possible. Traffic congestion plays a key role in the frustration of people and it results in lost time, reduced productivity and wasted resources. In our study we seek to address these issues by proposing a real-time road traffic planning system based on mobile context and crowd sourcing efforts. The first step toward this goal is real-time traffic characterization using data collected from mobile sensors of drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, passengers, etc.. We started developing a data collection and analysis system composed of a mobile application in order to collect user context data and a Web application to view and analyze the data. This new system will eventually give the users an automatically optimized route to the destination and predict the users’ traveling route based on live traffic conditions and historical data.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Crash Avoidance Effectiveness of Intelligent and Connected Vehicle Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9228
Author(s):  
Hong Tan ◽  
Fuquan Zhao ◽  
Han Hao ◽  
Zongwei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Crash Avoidance ◽  
Vehicle Technologies

The Intelligent and Connected Vehicle (ICV) is regarded as a high-tech solution to reducing road traffic crashes in many countries across the world. However, it is not clear how effective these technologies are in avoiding crashes. This study sets out to summarize the evidence for the crash avoidance effectiveness of technologies equipped on ICVs. In this study, three common methods for safety benefit evaluation were identified: Field operation test (FOT), safety impact methodology (SIM), and statistical analysis methodology (SAM). The advantages and disadvantages of the three methods are compared. In addition, evidence for the crash avoidance effectiveness of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication Systems (V2V) are presented in the paper. More specifically, target crash scenarios and the effectiveness of technologies including FCW/AEB, ACC, LDW/LDP, BSD, IMA, and LTA are different. Overall, based on evidence from the literature, technologies on ICVs could significantly reduce the number of crashes.

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