scholarly journals Plant Wearable Sensors Based on FBG Technology for Growth and Microclimate Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6327
Author(s):  
Daniela Lo Presti ◽  
Sara Cimini ◽  
Carlo Massaroni ◽  
Rosaria D’Amato ◽  
Michele Arturo Caponero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Civil Infrastructures ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Agriculture Products

Plants are primary resources for oxygen and foods whose production is fundamental for our life. However, diseases and pests may interfere with plant growth and cause a significant reduction of both the quality and quantity of agriculture products. Increasing agricultural productivity is crucial for poverty reduction and food security improvements. For this reason, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development gives a central role to agriculture by promoting a strong technological innovation for advancing sustainable practices at the plant level. To accomplish this aim, recently, wearable sensors and flexible electronics have been extended from humans to plants for measuring elongation, microclimate, and stressing factors that may affect the plant’s healthy growth. Unexpectedly, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), which are very popular in health monitoring applications ranging from civil infrastructures to the human body, are still overlooked for the agriculture sector. In this work, for the first time, plant wearables based on FBG technology are proposed for the continuous and simultaneous monitoring of plant growth and environmental parameters (i.e., temperature and humidity) in real settings. The promising results demonstrated the feasibility of FBG-based sensors to work in real situations by holding the promise to advance continuous and accurate plant health growth monitoring techniques.

scholarly journals Wearable Sensors for Human Environmental Exposure in Urban Settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Helbig ◽  
Maximilian Ueberham ◽  
Anna Maria Becker ◽  
Heike Marquart ◽  
Uwe Schlink
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Study Designs

AbstractGlobal population growth, urbanization, and climate change worsen the immediate environment of many individuals. Elevated concentrations of air pollutants, higher levels of acoustic noise, and more heat days, as well as increasingly complex mixtures of pollutants pose health risks for urban inhabitants. There is a growing awareness of the need to record personal environmental conditions (“the human exposome”) and to study options and implications of adaptive and protective behavior of individuals. The vast progress in smart technologies created wearable sensors that record environmental as well as spatio-temporal data while accompanying a person. Wearable sensing has two aspects: firstly, the exposure of an individual is recorded, and secondly, individuals act as explorers of the urban area. A literature review was undertaken using scientific literature databases with the objective to illustrate the state-of-the-art of person-based environmental sensing in urban settings. We give an overview of the study designs, highlight and compare limitations as well as results, and present the results of a keyword analysis. We identify current trends in the field, suggest possible future advancements, and lay out take-home messages for the readers. There is a trend towards studies that involve various environmental parameters and it is becoming increasingly important to identify and quantify the influence of various conditions (e.g., weather, urban structure, travel mode) on people’s exposure.

scholarly journals Compliant plant wearables for localized microclimate and plant growth monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Nassar ◽  
Sherjeel M. Khan ◽  
Diego Rosas Villalva ◽  
Maha M. Nour ◽  
Amani S. Almuslem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Monitoring

scholarly journals Rethinking Development Strategy –The Importance of the Rural Non Farm Economy in Growth and Poverty Reduction in Pakistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Jehangir Malik
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The 1960S

The structural transformation of Pakistan’s economy has not been accompanied by a concomitant decline in the proportion of labor employed in agriculture. While this transformation has resulted in a non-farm sector that is large and growing it has not lead to the rapid absorption of the pool of relatively low productivity labor away from the agriculture sector, as predicted by conventional development theory embodied in the models of the 1960s. Despite the obvious importance of the role of a vibrant rural non-farm economy (RNFE), and in particular, a vibrant non-farm services sector to address the challenges of poverty, food security, agricultural growth and rural development, this sector has received inadequate attention in the debate in Pakistan. Based on a review of literature and data from two large surveys – the Rural Investment Climate Survey of Pakistan 2005 and the Surveys of Domestic Commerce 2007 – this paper attempts to analyze the factors underlying the low level of development of the rural non farm economy and the potential role it can play in Pakistan’s economic development.

scholarly journals Promoting Child Growth and Development in the Sustainable Development Goals Era: Is It Time for New Thinking?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
France Bégin ◽  
Leslie Elder ◽  
Marcia Griffiths ◽  
Silvia Holschneider ◽  
Ellen Piwoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Preventive Child Health Care ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Healthy Growth

ABSTRACT Growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) programs have been implemented worldwide for decades. Consistent evidence of their effectiveness is lacking and complicated by design and operational differences. Nevertheless, tracking child growth and development is a fundamental component of routine preventive child health care, and governments in 178 countries implement some form of GMP. This article makes the point that despite implementation challenges, there is a compelling need for GMP. It enables a crucial dialogue with families and communities about how to support the healthy growth and development of their children and can be a powerful tool for stimulating action and accountability for child nutrition and development at household, community, subnational, and national levels. We propose that GMP deserves a fresh rethink, with a paradigm shift that tailors GMP programs and activities for different development, geographic, and cultural contexts and considers how to optimize implementation for scalability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Planned Behaviour Theory on Agropreneurship Intention: The Moderating Role of Gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Mohd Nur Fikri Waktu Saptu ◽  
Sylvia Nabila Azwa Ambad ◽  
Viduriati Sumin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Agricultural Entrepreneurship ◽  
Unemployed Youth

Agriculture is the second largest contributor to Sabah’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with an average contribution of 24% annually. It is also proven in many third world countries that investment in agriculture plays a crucial role in poverty reduction, providing more job opportunities, and ensuring food security. Sabah recorded the highest rate of unemployed youth in 2018 and remained as the state with the highest score of hardcore poor people in Malaysia; thus, Sabah will be economically benefited from agricultural growth. However, the number of youth participation in the agriculture sector is still low at a rate of approximately 15%. Agricultural entrepreneurship or also known as agropreneurship among youth, needs to be broadened to promote greater opportunities in the agriculture sector. Therefore, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), this research examines agropreneurship intention and the moderating effect of gender among youth in Sabah, Malaysia. A total of 382 youth participated in the survey. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling 3.0 was used to analyse the collection of data. The results found that attitude of the youths towards agropreneurship and perceived behavioural control have a positive effect on agropreneurship intention. Meanwhile, subjective norms did not have a significant effect on agropreneurship intention, and gender has no moderating effect. In line with the first Sabah Agriculture Blueprint 2021–2030, this study intends to contribute to the formulating of policies and relevant programmes, especially in accelerating agropreneurship participation. It also contributes to Sabah’s aspiration of becoming a hub for the agriculture sector in this region.

scholarly journals Digital image processing methods for estimating leaf area of cucumber plants

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Uoc Quang Ngo ◽  
Duong Tri Ngo ◽  
Hoc Thai Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Dang Bui
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Outdoor Scenes ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Rgb Images ◽  
Non Destructive

Increasingly <span>emerging technologies in agriculture such as computer vision, artificial intelligence technology, not only make it possible to increase production. To minimize the negative impact on climate and the environment but also to conserve resources. A key task of these technologies is to monitor the growth of plants online with a high accuracy rate and in non-destructive manners. It is known that leaf area (LA) is one of the most important growth indexes in plant growth monitoring system. Unfortunately, to estimate the LA in natural outdoor scenes (the presence of occlusion or overlap area) with a high accuracy rate is not easy and it still remains a big challenge in eco-physiological studies. In this paper, two accurate and non-destructive approaches for estimating the LA were proposed with top-view and side-view images, respectively. The proposed approaches successfully extract the skeleton of cucumber plants in red, green, and blue (RGB) images and estimate the LA of cucumber plants with high precision. The results were validated by comparing with manual measurements. The experimental results of our proposed algorithms achieve 97.64% accuracy in leaf segmentation, and the relative error in LA estimation varies from 3.76% to 13.00%, which could meet the requirements of plant growth monitoring </span>systems.

scholarly journals Performance of Agriculture Sector in Foreign Trade of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Gulzar Ali ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Said Zamin Shah
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Private And Public

The vigorous and dynamic expansion and technical progression of the agriculture productivity pave the way to considerable achievements in providing raw materials to the industrial sector and fulfilling domestic demand. The agriculture sector has an imperative role in poverty reduction, growth, increased employment opportunities and increasing foreign exchange reserves through exportable agricultural products. In short, agriculture is the backbone of economic stability and development in the country. This study is an attempt to investigate the performance of the agriculture sector and its impact on Pakistans foreign trade. The findings of the study revealed the affirmative and noteworthy role of the agriculture sector in the foreign trade of Pakistan during 1980-2017. The policymakers and government of Pakistan should encourage private and public investors for agriculture investment to enhance the production and agricultural exports.

scholarly journals THEORIZING AGRICULTURE VALUE CHAINS: INTEGRATING SMALL HOLDER PRODUCERS TO OVERCOME HURDLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Hena M
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agriculture Products ◽  
Small Holder

Modern marketing techniques and restructured markets for agriculture products has made the small holder producers to fight against a number of consequences which they are actually not practiced or trained. As an alternative, new innovative practice like value chain approach has been identified in improving their ability to combat the restructured market conditions. This paper reviews the theoretical justifications and different viewpoints of value chains approach which can benefit the small holder producers in agriculture sector. A review on evidences from agricultural value chain experiences exposed the necessity of a tool or a business model like value chain approach to integrate the small holder producers to viable markets and to capitalize the immense opportunities in the markets, particularly for least developed and developing countries. The literature revealed that small holder producer can access international markets by establishing value chain networks and by building relationships in chain networks.

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