scholarly journals Low-Cost Eye Tracking Calibration: A Knowledge-Based Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5109
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Garde ◽  
Andoni Larumbe-Bergera ◽  
Benoît Bossavit ◽  
Sonia Porta ◽  
Rafael Cabeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Gaze Estimation ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Fully Connected ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Subject calibration has been demonstrated to improve the accuracy in high-performance eye trackers. However, the true weight of calibration in off-the-shelf eye tracking solutions is still not addressed. In this work, a theoretical framework to measure the effects of calibration in deep learning-based gaze estimation is proposed for low-resolution systems. To this end, features extracted from the synthetic U2Eyes dataset are used in a fully connected network in order to isolate the effect of specific user’s features, such as kappa angles. Then, the impact of system calibration in a real setup employing I2Head dataset images is studied. The obtained results show accuracy improvements over 50%, probing that calibration is a key process also in low-resolution gaze estimation scenarios. Furthermore, we show that after calibration accuracy values close to those obtained by high-resolution systems, in the range of 0.7∘, could be theoretically obtained if a careful selection of image features was performed, demonstrating significant room for improvement for off-the-shelf eye tracking systems.

scholarly journals An IoT-Based Participatory Antitheft System for Public Safety Enhancement in Smart Cities

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 919-937
Author(s):  
Nikos Papadakis ◽  
Nikos Koukoulas ◽  
Ioannis Christakis ◽  
Ilias Stavrakas ◽  
Dionisis Kandris
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Asset Tracking ◽  
Tracking Tasks ◽  
Tracking Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operation Center ◽  
Safety Enhancement ◽  
Selection Of

The risk of theft of goods is certainly an important source of negative influence in human psychology. This article focuses on the development of a scheme that, despite its low cost, acts as a smart antitheft system that achieves small property detection. Specifically, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based participatory platform was developed in order to allow asset-tracking tasks to be crowd-sourced to a community. Stolen objects are traced by using a prototype Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-based system, which sends signals, thus becoming a beacon. Once such an item (e.g., a bicycle) is stolen, the owner informs the authorities, which, in turn, broadcast an alert signal to activate the BLE sensor. To trace the asset with the antitheft tag, participants use their GPS-enabled smart phones to scan BLE tags through a specific smartphone client application and report the location of the asset to an operation center so that owners can locate their assets. A stolen item tracking simulator was created to support and optimize the aforementioned tracking process and to produce the best possible outcome, evaluating the impact of different parameters and strategies regarding the selection of how many and which users to activate when searching for a stolen item within a given area.

scholarly journals Engineered tunneling layer with enhanced impact ionization for detection improvement in graphene/silicon heterojunction photodetectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yin ◽  
Lian Liu ◽  
Yashu Zang ◽  
Anni Ying ◽  
Wenjie Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Impact Ionization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Defect States ◽  
Uv Illumination ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHere, an engineered tunneling layer enhanced photocurrent multiplication through the impact ionization effect was proposed and experimentally demonstrated on the graphene/silicon heterojunction photodetectors. With considering the suitable band structure of the insulation material and their special defect states, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) prepared wide-bandgap insulating (WBI) layer of AlN was introduced into the interface of graphene/silicon heterojunction. The promoted tunneling process from this designed structure demonstrated that can effectively help the impact ionization with photogain not only for the regular minority carriers from silicon, but also for the novel hot carries from graphene. As a result, significantly enhanced photocurrent as well as simultaneously decreased dark current about one order were accomplished in this graphene/insulation/silicon (GIS) heterojunction devices with the optimized AlN thickness of ~15 nm compared to the conventional graphene/silicon (GS) devices. Specifically, at the reverse bias of −10 V, a 3.96-A W−1 responsivity with the photogain of ~5.8 for the peak response under 850-nm light illumination, and a 1.03-A W−1 responsivity with ∼3.5 photogain under the 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) illumination were realized, which are even remarkably higher than those in GIS devices with either Al2O3 or the commonly employed SiO2 insulation layers. This work demonstrates a universal strategy to fabricate broadband, low-cost and high-performance photo-detecting devices towards the graphene-silicon optoelectronic integration.

scholarly journals Preface

2021 ◽  
Vol 2125 (1) ◽  
pp. 011001
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Committee Member ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Main Research ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Oral Presentations ◽  
The Impact

We are glad to introduce you that the 2021 4th International Conference on Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application (MEMA 2021) was successfully held on October 29-31, 2021. In light of worldwide travel restriction and the impact of COVID-19, MEMA 2021 was carried out in the form of virtual conference to avoid personnel gatherings. Because most participants were still highly enthusiastic about participating in this conference, we chose to carry out MEMA 2021 via online platform according to the original schedule instead of postponing it. MEMA 2021 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in Mechanical, Electrical and Material Application and related areas. We were greatly honored to invited Prof. Kun Li, from Chongqing University, China and Assoc. Prof. Wei Wei, from Xi’an University of Technology, China as our Conference Chairmen. This scientific event brings together more than 100 national and international researchers in mechanical, electrical and material application. During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. We were pleased to invite four distinguished experts to present their insightful speeches. Our first keynote speaker, Prof. Shahid Hussain, Jiangsu University, China. His research interests include MOS-MOF-MXene Nanomaterials, Gas-Sensors, Electrochemical Supercapacitors, Li-S batteries. And then we had Prof. Jie Huang, from Southwest University, China. His research includes RF/Microwave circuits and sensors. Prof. Qiyan Xu, Anhui University of Technology, China. His main research directions are: New process and technology of low cost steel making, Direct reduction and melting reduction, Development of new metallurgical technology - comprehensive utilization of waste resources. Lastly, we were glad to invite Prof. Kun Li, Chongqing University, China. He mainly engaged in additive manufacturing, intelligent 3D net forming, high performance materials and phase transformation, material computing and other research. In the last part of the conference, all participants were invited to join in a WeChat group to discuss and explore the academic issues after the presentations. The online discussion was lasted for about 30-60 minutes. We are glad to share with you that we still received lots of submissions from the conference during this special period. Hence, we selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorously reviewed them. These papers feature following topics but are not limited to: Mechanical Dynamics and its Applications, Material Physics, Electrical and Electronic Systems and other related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard. Lastly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chairman, the distinguished keynote speakers, as well as all the participants. We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from the proceedings. We are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event next year. The Committee of MEMA 2021 List of Committee member is available in this pdf.

HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS, ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION, AND INNOVATION STRATEGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHSEN SHAHRIARI ◽  
MARYAM MAHMOUDI-MESINEH
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
High Performance Work Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
The Impact

Innovation strategy has become an important recent challenge in today’s competitive conditions of developing countries. In this paper, the impact of high-performance work systems (HPWSs) on innovation strategy of knowledge-based enterprises is examined, considering the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. The statistical sample of study includes 180 managers and employees of Iranian knowledge-based companies. Data were collected using standard questionnaire, and the structural equation method was used for data analysis. The results showed that HPWSs have a positive and significant impact on innovation strategy of knowledge-based companies and about 75% of the total effect of the HPWS on innovation strategy is explained indirectly by the mediating variable of entrepreneurial orientation.

scholarly journals LiFePO4-Graphene Composites as High-Performance Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: The Impact of Size and Morphology of Graphene

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Fu ◽  
Qiliang Wei ◽  
Gaixia Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhong ◽  
Nima Moghimian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
The Impact

In this work, we investigated three types of graphene (i.e., home-made G, G V4, and G V20) with different size and morphology, as additives to a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode for the lithium-ion battery. Both the LFP and the two types of graphene (G V4 and G V20) were sourced from industrial, large-volume manufacturers, enabling cathode production at low cost. The use of wrinkled and/or large pieces of a graphene matrix shows promising electrochemical performance when used as an additive to the LFP, which indicates that the features of large and curved graphene pieces enable construction of a more effective conducting network to realize the full potential of the active materials. Specifically, compared to pristine LFP, the LFP/G, LFP/G V20, and LFP/G V4 show up to a 9.2%, 6.9%, and 4.6% increase, respectively, in a capacity at 1 C. Furthermore, the LFP combined with graphene exhibits a better rate performance than tested with two different charge/discharge modes. Moreover, from the economic and electrochemical performance view point, we also demonstrated that 1% of graphene content is optimized no matter the capacity calculated, based on the LFP/graphene composite or pure LFP.

The Research and Design of Portable Leaf Disease Spots Image Acquisition System

2011 ◽  
Vol 128-129 ◽  
pp. 1480-1483
Author(s):  
Kai Song ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Feng Ju Shen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Image Acquisition System

The crop leaf disease spots image recognition technology has a great significance in identifying diseases and in effective spraying of pesticides to liminate diseases. We researched and designed the portable leaf disease spots image acquisition system since current PC-based processing system is high cost and lack of flexibility and real-timing, This system uses a high-performance 32-bit DSP chip based DM642 as its main processor, and also uses ultra-low power consumption and ultra-small size video decoder chips, large-capacity memories and high-performance communicator interfaces. As a result of the reasonable design of hardware architecture, this system realized leaf disease spots image features collecting and processing ，video transmitting, and achieved strong real-time processing capability, easy operation, low cost, anti-interference ability and other characteristics. The system prototype works well, and meets the design requirements.

scholarly journals Synchronously Strengthen and Toughen Polypropylene Using Tartaric Acid-Modified Nano-CaCO3

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2493
Author(s):  
Junlong Yao ◽  
Hanchao Hu ◽  
Zhengguang Sun ◽  
Yucong Wang ◽  
Huabo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

In order to overcome the challenge of synchronously strengthening and toughening polypropylene (PP) with a low-cost and environmental technology, CaCO3 (CC) nanoparticles are modified by tartaric acid (TA), a kind of food-grade complexing agent, and used as nanofillers for the first time. The evaluation of mechanical performance showed that, with 20 wt.% TA-modified CC (TAMCC), the impact toughness and tensile strength of TAMCC/PP were 120% and 14% more than those of neat PP, respectively. Even with 50 wt.% TAMCC, the impact toughness and tensile strength of TAMCC/PP were still superior to those of neat PP, which is attributable to the improved compatibility and dispersion of TAMCC in a PP matrix, and the better fluidity of TAMCC/PP nanocomposite. The strengthening and toughening mechanism of TAMCC for PP involves interfacial debonding between nanofillers and PP, and the decreased crystallinity of PP, but without the formation of β-PP. This article presents a new applicable method to modify CC inorganic fillers with a green modifier and promote their dispersion in PP. The obtained PP nanocomposite simultaneously achieved enhanced mechanical strength and impact toughness even with high content of nanofillers, highlighting bright perspective in high-performance, economical, and eco-friendly polymer-inorganic nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Sustainable Design of a NanoSatellite Structure TypeCubeSat as a Modular Platform for Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-134
Author(s):  
German Wedge Rodriguez Pirateque ◽  
Nelson Arzola de la Peña ◽  
Ernesto David Cortes Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Modular Platform ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

This article is intended to contribute to the development of proprietary technologies and the evaluation and selection of integrated technologies in the study of the aerospace concept necessary for the processes of technological appropriation. The problem addressed lies in the lack of modular platforms and lowcost test systems for experimental development and simulations of satellite systems. Therefore, compare to this the proposal of a scalable modular platform of the 1U CubeSat standard is presented as the main results. The design and characterization process presented from the concept of sustainability, contributes to the use and development of low-cost equipment that minimizes the impact on the environment and, in turn, is practical for its implementation in activities of groups and research centers that promote the diffusion of space technologies in Colombia. The methodology of sustainable design, the definition of design principles and conceptual design, which is materialized with the application of quality function deployment method (QFD), the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ)), the manufacturability-oriented design (DfM), assemblability (DfA), environmental impact (DfE), reliability (DfR), and safety assessment, are relevant for compliance with the CubeSat operating standards described in cds. Finally, several constructive modes of the low cost test platforms are proposed with different materials such as 3D prototyping in paper, abs, mdf wood and aluminum. All of them are small-scale satellite structures designed and constructed at low-cost. These designs result in the materialization to test on-board systems and integration resistance in assembly and materials, in laboratories as vibration test-bench, for research groups or companies interested in promoting the development of space technologies.

Stiffness Analysis of a Simplified Ankle-Foot Orthosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Swierski ◽  
Molly Burke ◽  
Maria Arenas ◽  
Jessica Bernat ◽  
James Manzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Thermoplastic Resin ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Abstract Due to the impact gait impairments have on afflicted individuals’ lives, there are many efforts to find effective remedies. One example is drop foot, a condition in which the dorsiflexion in the leg falters, and the forefront of the foot drags during walking. One of these is the use of an Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO), a device worn on the lower extremity of the leg to improve walking ability. Although these orthoses have been improved over time to address a user’s physical needs, material and financial restrictions are still an obstacle. To find the lowest cost AFO design of high performance, a study was conducted to investigate the applications of a simplified design process for an AFO. The design process is a fast, low cost, easy technique of laser cutting thermoplastic resin and bending a drawing into a 3-dimensional AFO. Finding the best AFO possible using this design process was easy, involving making a 2-dimensional CAD model for laser cutting, performing Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations and comparing a variety of designs, materials, and configurations for their ability to improve a user’s gait kinematics while also meeting optimal cost and comfort needs.

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