scholarly journals A Vision-Based Social Distancing and Critical Density Detection System for COVID-19

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4608
Author(s):  
Dongfang Yang ◽  
Ekim Yurtsever ◽  
Vishnu Renganathan ◽  
Keith A. Redmill ◽  
Ümit Özgüner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Spatial Awareness ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Real World Datasets

Social distancing (SD) is an effective measure to prevent the spread of the infectious Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, a lack of spatial awareness may cause unintentional violations of this new measure. Against this backdrop, we propose an active surveillance system to slow the spread of COVID-19 by warning individuals in a region-of-interest. Our contribution is twofold. First, we introduce a vision-based real-time system that can detect SD violations and send non-intrusive audio-visual cues using state-of-the-art deep-learning models. Second, we define a novel critical social density value and show that the chance of SD violation occurrence can be held near zero if the pedestrian density is kept under this value. The proposed system is also ethically fair: it does not record data nor target individuals, and no human supervisor is present during the operation. The proposed system was evaluated across real-world datasets.

scholarly journals Critical density for coverage and connectivity in non-orientation directional sensor network

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 155014772092575
Author(s):  
Lin Kang ◽  
Zengshou Dong ◽  
Yanjie Qi
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Connected Component ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Coverage And Connectivity ◽  
Directional Sensor Network ◽  
Directional Sensor

Both coverage and connectivity are important problems in wireless sensor networks. As more and more non-orientation sensors are continuously added into the region of interest, the size of covered component and connected component increases; at some point, the network can achieve an entire coverage and full connectivity after which the network percolates. In this article, we analyze the critical density in non-orientation directional sensor network in which the orientations of the sensors are random and the sensors are deployed according to the Poisson point process. We propose an approach to compute the critical density in such a network. A collaborating path is proposed with the sum of field-of-view angles of two collaborating sensors being π. Then a correlated model of non-orientation directional sensing sectors for percolation is proposed to solve the coverage and connectivity problems together. The numerical simulations confirm that percolation occurs on the estimated critical densities. It is worth mentioning that the theoretical analysis and simulation results give insights into the design of directional sensor network in practice.

Driver’s Drowsiness Behaviour Detection by Using PSO/DPSO Algorithm for Urban Road System

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.27) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
J Sudhakar ◽  
S Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Driver Fatigue ◽  
Time System ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Driver Drowsiness ◽  
The World

In recent years driver fatigue is one of the major causes for vehicle accidents in the world. A direct way of measuring driver fatigue is measuring the state of the driver drowsiness.  So it is very important to detect the drowsiness of the driver to save life and property. In our system, this aims to develop a prototype of drowsiness detection system. This system is a real time system which captures image continuously and measures the state of the eye according to the specified algorithm and gives warning if required. Though there are several methods for measuring the drowsiness but this approach is completely non-intrusive which does not affect the driver in any way, hence giving the exact condition of the driver. For detection of drowsiness the each closure value of eye is considered. So when the closure of eye exceeds a certain amount then the driver is identified to be sleepy. The entire system is implemented using PSO, DPSO and FODPSO algorithm and detection of drowsiness behaviour of driver different eye state level.  

scholarly journals Wearable Social Distancing Detection System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A Ahmad Naqiyuddin ◽  
W. Mansor ◽  
N. M. Sallehuddin ◽  
M. N. S. Mohd Johari ◽  
M. A. S. Shazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Social Distancing

COLLISION DETECTION FOR CLOTH SIMULATION USING BOUNDING SPHERE HIERARCHY

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Bade ◽  
Ching Sue Ping ◽  
Siti Hasnah Tanalol
Keyword(s):  
Collision Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Cloth Simulation ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Simple Mass ◽  
Mass Spring

For the past 2-decades, the challenges of collision detection on cloth simulation have attracted numerous researchers.  Simple mass spring model is used to model the cloth where the movement of the particles within the cloth was controlled by applying the Newton’s second law. After the modeling stage, implementation of the collision detection algorithm took place on cloth has been done. The collision detection technique used is bounding sphere hierarchy. Then, quad tree is being used to partitioning the bounding sphere and the collision search was based on the top-down approach. A prototype of the collision detection system is developed on cloth simulation and several experiments were conducted. Time taken for this system to be executed is around 235.258 milliseconds. Then the frame rate is at the average of 22 frames per second which is close to the real time system. Times taken for the collision detection system travels from root to nodes were 23 seconds. As a conclusion, the computational cost for bounding sphere hierarchy is much higher because the bounding sphere required more vertices for generation process, however the execution time for bounding sphere hierarchy is faster than the AABB hierarchy.  

scholarly journals Photoacoustic monitoring of angiogenesis predicts response to therapy in healing wounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash Mantri ◽  
Jason Tsujimoto ◽  
Brian Donovan ◽  
Christopher C. Fernandes ◽  
Pranav S. Garimella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Major Health Problem

Chronic wounds are a major health problem that cause the medical infrastructure billions of dollars every year. Chronic wounds are often difficult to heal and cause significant discomfort. Although wound specialists have numerous therapeutic modalities at their disposal, tools that could 3D-map wound bed physiology and guide therapy do not exist. Visual cues are the current standard but are limited to surface assessment; clinicians rely on experience to predict response to therapy. Photoacoustic (PA) ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive, hybrid imaging modality that can solve these major limitations. PA relies on the contrast generated by hemoglobin in blood which allows it to map local angiogenesis, tissue perfusion and oxygen saturation - all critical parameters for wound healing. This work evaluates the use of PA-US to monitor angiogenesis and stratify patients responding vs. not-responding to therapy. We imaged 19 patients with 22 wounds once a week for at least three weeks. Our findings suggest that PA imaging directly visualizes angiogenesis. Patients responding to therapy showed clear signs of angiogenesis and an increased rate of PA increase (p = 0.002). These responders had a significant and negative correlation between PA intensity and wound size. Hypertension was correlated to impaired angiogenesis in non-responsive patients. The rate of PA increase and hence the rate of angiogenesis was able to predict healing times within 30 days from the start of monitoring (power = 88%, alpha = 0.05) This early response detection system could help inform management and treatment strategies while improving outcomes and reducing costs.

scholarly journals A real-time pedestrian detection system for safety applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinju Alice John
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Pedestrian Detection ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Model Method ◽  
System A ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Rate ◽  
Safety Applications

Nowadays, People are more distracted by their vulnerable devices, whenever they enter a cross road. As a result, a fatal accident or injury will occur. This motivated the need to implement a reliable pedestrian detection system. To optimize the system, a cross road scenario is considered where the driver is taking a right turn and a smart camera is used to capture consecutive pictures of the pedestrian. The consecutive frames are studied using Region Of Interest method and the Gaussian mixture model method. Once the detected pedestrian enters region of interest in less than 2 meters, a warning and automatic brake system is initiated to prevent the accident. Finally, the results of the proposed methods are compared based on the processing speed and performance rate of the Shape based detection technique (Wei Zhang, [12]). The performance rate was above 90% and processing speed was about 1 sec for the proposed methods.

scholarly journals Correlation between the Level of Social Distancing and Activity of Influenza Epidemic or COVID-19 Pandemic: A Subway Use-Based Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3369
Author(s):  
Hye Seong ◽  
Jin-Wook Hong ◽  
Hak-Jun Hyun ◽  
Jin-Gu Yoon ◽  
Ji-Yun Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Social Distancing

Social distancing is an effective measure to mitigate the spread of novel viral infections in the absence of antiviral agents and insufficient vaccine supplies. Subway utilization density may reflect social activity and the degree of social distancing in the general population.; This study aimed to evaluate the correlations between subway use density and the activity of the influenza epidemic or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using a time-series regression method. The subway use-based social distancing score (S-SDS) was calculated using the weekly ridership of 11 major subway stations. The temporal association of S-SDS with influenza-like illness (ILI) rates or the COVID-19 pandemic activity was analyzed using structural vector autoregressive modeling and the Granger causality (GC) test. During three influenza seasons (2017–2020), the time-series regression presented a significant causality from S-SDS to ILI (p = 0.0484). During the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020, S-SDS had been suppressed at a level similar to or below the average of the previous four years. In contrast to the ILI rate, there was a negative correlation between COVID-19 activity and S-SDS. GC analysis revealed a negative causal relationship between COVID-19 and S-SDS (p = 0.0098).; S-SDS showed a significant time-series association with the ILI rate but not with COVID-19 activity. When public transportation use is sufficiently suppressed, additional social mobility restrictions are unlikely to significantly affect COVID-19 pandemic activity. It would be more important to strengthen universal mask-wearing and detailed public health measures focused on risk activities, particularly in enclosed spaces.

scholarly journals Lockdown is an effective ‘vaccine’ against COVID-19: A message from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 545-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewal Krishan ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Corona Virus

This communication stresses the importance of the complete lockdown of a developing nation as a powerful tool against COVID-19 acting as a ‘vaccine’. India has been under complete lockdown since 24th March 2020 in addition to other measures emphasized by the Indian Government such as promoting hand washing, social distancing, and use of face masks. A strict lockdown is suggested as an effective measure for containing the novel Corona virus infection transmission worldwide.

scholarly journals Determinants of Social Distancing Among South Africans From 12 Days Into the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronel Sewpaul ◽  
Musawenkosi Mabaso ◽  
Natisha Dukhi ◽  
Inbarani Naidoo ◽  
Noloyiso Vondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
South Africans

Introduction: Social or physical distancing has been an effective measure for reducing the spread of COVID-19 infections. Investigating the determinants of adherence to social distancing can inform public health strategies to improve the behaviour. However, there is a lack of data in various populations. This study investigates the degree to which South Africans complied with social distancing during the country's COVID-19 lockdown and identifies the determinants associated with being in close contact with large numbers of people.Materials and Methods: Data was collected from a South African national online survey on a data free platform, supplemented with telephone interviews. The survey was conducted from 8 to 29 April 2020. The primary outcome was the number of people that participants came into close contact with (within a 2-metre distance) the last time they were outside their home during the COVID-19 lockdown. Multivariate multinomial regression investigated the socio-demographic, psychosocial and household environmental determinants associated with being in contact with 1–10, 11–50 and more than 50 people.Results: Of the 17,563 adult participants, 20.3% reported having not left home, 50.6% were in close physical distance with 1–10 people, 21.1% with 11–50 people, and 8.0% with >50 people. Larger household size and incorrect knowledge about the importance of social distancing were associated with being in contact with >50 people. Male gender, younger age and being in the White and Coloured population groups were significantly associated with being in contact with 1–10 people but not with larger numbers of people. Employment, at least secondary school education, lack of self-efficacy in being able to protect oneself from infection, and moderate or high risk perception of becoming infected, were all associated with increased odds of close contact with 1–10, 11–50, and >50 people relative to remaining at home.Conclusion: The findings identify subgroups of individuals that are less likely to comply with social distancing regulations. Public health communication, interventions and policy can be tailored to address these determinants of social distancing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document