scholarly journals Majority Voting-Based MAC Protocol for Exploiting Link-Layer Diversity in Wireless Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2706
Author(s):  
Jaehyoung Park ◽  
Yonggang Kim ◽  
Gyungmin Kim ◽  
Hyuk Lim
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Link Layer ◽  
Error Corrections ◽  
Carrier Sensing ◽  
Interference Signals

In wireless local area networks (WLANs), the effect of interference signals between neighboring nodes increases as the number of wireless nodes using limited radio frequency resources in a limited space increases, which can significantly degrade the reliability of data transmission. In high-density WLANs, there can be several neighboring access points (APs) that can receive uplink transmission from a station. In conventional medium access control (MAC) protocols, uplink data frames containing errors or transmitted from a non-associated station are discarded at APs. Alternatively, we propose a MAC protocol using redundant wireless links between neighboring APs and the non-associated stations. In the proposed MAC protocol, we consider a centralized WLAN with a control node that performs error corrections of erroneous uplink data frames via a majority voting algorithm-based link-layer diversity scheme using uplink data received from multiple APs to increase the reliability of data transmission. In addition, we propose an adaptive carrier sensing ranging mechanism to improve the uplink network throughput in the proposed centralized WLAN system. Further, we conduct simulation studies and software-defined radio-based experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed MAC protocol in various WLAN scenarios.

scholarly journals The Impact of Dynamic RTS Threshold Adjustment for IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Mjidi ◽  
Debasish Chakraborty ◽  
Naoki Nakamura ◽  
Norio Shiratori
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.11 ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Hidden Terminal ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, wireless technologies and application received great attention. The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the main element that determines the efficiency in sharing the limited communication bandwidth of the wireless channel in wireless local area networks (WLANs). IEEE 802.11 introduced the optional RTS/CTS handshaking mechanism to address the hidden terminal problem as well as to reduces the chance of collision in case of higher node density and traffic. RTS Threshold (RT) determines when RTS/CTS mechanism should be used and proved to be an important parameter for performance characteristics in data transmission. We first investigate to find a meaningful threshold value according to the network situation and determine the impact of using or disengaging the RTS/CTS optional mechanism and dynamically adjust the RTS Threshold to maximize data transmission. The results show a significant improvement over existing CSMA/CA and RTS/CTS schemes. Our adaptive scheme performed even better when data rate increases. We verify our proposed scheme both analytically and with extensive network simulation using ns-2.

TRIPLEPR-MAC: A Triple Queue Priority Based Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinkuben N. Patel ◽  
Nirav V. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Medium Access Control Protocol ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Critical Fields ◽  
Storage Unit

Background: WSN is a network of smart tiny electromechanical devices named as sensors. Sensors perform various tasks like sensing the environment as per its range, transmit the data using transmission units, store the data in the storage unit and perform an action based on captured data. As they are installed in an unfriendly environment, to recharge the sensors are not possible every time which leads to a limited lifetime of a network. To enhance the life of a sensor network, the network required energy-efficient protocols. Various energy-efficient MAC protocols are developed by Research community, but very few of them are integrated with the priority-based environment which performs the priority-based data transmission. Another challenge of WSN is, most of the WSN areas are delay-sensitive because it is implemented in critical fields like military, disaster management, and health monitoring. Energy, Delay, and throughput are major quality factors that affect the sensor network. Objective: In this paper, the aim is to design and develop a MAC Protocol for a field like the military where the system requires energy efficiency and priority-based data transmission. Method: In the proposed model, the cluster-based network with priority queues are formed that can achieve higher power efficiency and less delay for sensitive data. Results: In this research simulation of Proposed MAC, TMAC and SMAC are done with different numbers of nodes, same inter-packet intervals, and variant inter-packet intervals. Based on the script simulation, result graphs are generated. Conclusion: The proposed work achieves greater lifetime compared to TMAC and SMAC using priority-based data transmission.

scholarly journals A Novel Synchronous MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Performance Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasan Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Sudhir Ranjan Pattanaik ◽  
Shih-Lin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Mesh Topology ◽  
Free Data

Synchronous medium access control (MAC) protocols are highly essential for wireless sensor networks (WSN) to support transmissions with energy saving, quality services, and throughput in industrial, commercial and healthcare applications. In this paper, a synchronous channel access mechanism is designed, where sensors can reserve the contention free data transmission slots in different available channels. To reduce the delay of data transmission among the nodes in the mesh topology, a linear programming problem (LPP) model is designed to select suitable relay nodes. Moreover, the performance of the proposed MAC is analyzed and our models are validated with simulation and analytical results. The results show that our proposed MAC protocol outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4e MAC mechanism in terms of throughput, reliability, delay, energy, packet drop rate and transmission success rate.

scholarly journals A Reservation Protocol Analysis for Multi-Channel Wireless Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Peristera A. Baziana ◽  
Ioannis E. Pountourakis
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Reservation Protocol ◽  
Single Radio ◽  
Multi Access

A synchronous multi-channel multi-access Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) is studied in this paper. The proposed protocol introduces an access control reservation scheme and requires a single radio per station. The receiver collisionsphenomenon characterizes the performance of the proposedmulti-channel system. A priority scheme is considered in order to primary serve the time-sensitive traffic such as voice, as compared to the delay tolerant data traffic. The innovation of this paper is the extensive and accurate study of the receiver collisions effect on the network performance in multi-traffic environment. An analytic discrete time Markovian model is developed for finite number of stations and channels. The performance measures of throughput, delay, and average rejection probability at destination are analytically estimated. Numerical results are presented for comparison for various numbers of channels and stations. The proposed MAC protocol provides a substantial contribution to the understanding of wireless multi-channel multi-traffic environments.

On the Logarithmic Backoff Algorithm for MAC Protocol in MANETs

2009 ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saher S. Manaseer ◽  
Mohamed Ould-Khaoua ◽  
Lewis M. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Available Bandwidth ◽  
Binary Exponential Backoff ◽  
Backoff Algorithm ◽  
Communication Environments

In wireless communication environments, backoff is traditionally based on the IEEE binary exponential backoff (BEB). Using BEB results in a high delay in message transmission, collisions and ultimately wasting the limited available bandwidth. As each node has to obtain medium access before transmitting a message, in dense networks, the collision probability in the MAC layer becomes very high when a poor backoff algorithm is used. The Logarithmic algorithm proposes some improvements to the backoff algorithms that aim to efficiently use the channel and to reduce collisions. The algorithm under study is based on changing the incremental behavior of the backoff value. The Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) is used by the Local Area Networks standards, IEEE 802.11, Medium Access Control (MAC). BEB uses a uniform random distribution to choose the backoff value; this often leads to reducing the effect of window size increment. This paper carries out a deeper study and analysis of the logarithmic backoff algorithm that uses logarithmic increment instead of exponential extension of window size to eliminate the degrading effect of random number distribution. Results from simulation experiments reveal that the algorithm subject to study achieves higher throughput and less packet loss when in a mobile ad hoc environment.

Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function of MAC for VoIP Services Using IEEE802.11 Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 2304-2309
Author(s):  
B. Suvarna Vignan ◽  
B. Lalu Naick
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Contention Window ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Packet Collision ◽  
Distributed Coordination Function ◽  
Coordination Function

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is an important service with strict Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements with in wireless local area networks. The popular Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of IEEE802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol adopts Multiplicative Increase and linear Decrease procedure to reduce the packet collision probability in WLANs. In DCF, the size of contention window is doubled upon a collision regardless of the network loads. This paper presents an enhanced DCF scheme to improve the QoS of VoIP in WLANs. This scheme applies a threshold of the collision rate to switch between two different functions for increasing the size of contention window based on the status of network loads. The performance of this scheme investigated and compared to the original DCF using the network simulator NS-2. Under the high traffic loads the packet loss probability decreases with the enhanced DCF compared to the original DCF. Some other parameters like throughput and access delay is decreased with the enhanced DCF.

scholarly journals Improving Spatial Reuse of Wireless LAN Uplink Using BSS Color and Proximity Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 11074
Author(s):  
Hyerin Kim ◽  
Jungmin So
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Lan ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Local Area Networks ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Wireless Local Area Networks ◽  
Spatial Reuse ◽  
Carrier Sense Multiple Access ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Carrier Sensing

With the density of wireless networks increasing rapidly, one of the major goals in next-generation wireless LANs (Local Area Networks) is to support a very dense network with a large number of closely deployed APs (Access Points) and crowded users. However, the CSMA (Carrier-Sense Multiple Access)-based medium access control of current wireless network systems suffers from significantly degraded performance when the network becomes dense. Recent WLAN (Wireless Local Area Networks) standards include measures for increasing spatial reuse such as BSS (Basic Service Set) coloring, but the schemes based on BSS coloring such as OBSS/PD (Overlapping BSS/Preamble Detection) have limitations in improving spatial reuse. In this paper, we propose a spatial reuse method for uplink which can utilize BSS color and proximity information to improve the efficiency of carrier sensing and thus spatial reuse. Specifically, through the BSS color and the proximity information, a node receiving a preamble can figure out how far the receiver of the ongoing traffic is located. This information is used to determine whether the node should aggressively start transmitting or defer its transmission to protect the ongoing transmission. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of throughput and fairness.

scholarly journals Decoupling-Based Channel Access Mechanism for Improving Throughput and Fairness in Dense Multi-Rate WLANs

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Lei ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Hong Yun
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Channel Access ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Performance Anomaly ◽  
Network Utilization ◽  
Free Data ◽  
And Performance

Legacy IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) adopts the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) mechanism, which provides the same access opportunity for all contenders. However, in dense multi-rate Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), the pure distributed control mechanism will cause high collision rate and performance anomaly, which results in low network utilization and wasting valuable channel resources. In this paper, we present a decoupling MAC mechanism (DMAC) based on the idea of contention/reservation to reduce collision and realize collision free data transmission. In proposed mechanism, the channel access time is partitioned into channel contention process and data transmission process. The proposed algorithm makes full use of the distributed random channel access mechanism and performs a centralized collision-free data transmission. Wherein, we also design an adaptive algorithm to adjust the length of the contention period to improve the channel utilization. Furthermore, we further propose two airtime fairness algorithms Improve-DMAC1 (I-DMAC1) and Improve-DMAC2 (I-DMAC2) for delay sensitive network and high throughput network scenarios, respectively, to solve the performance anomaly in multi-rate WLANs, based on DMAC. We verify the effectiveness of these decoupling algorithms through extensive simulations. Moreover, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithms achieve better performance than the 802.11 standard and other protocols.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Mobility Aware Clustering Hybrid MAC Protocol in WSN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4900-4904
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Synchronous Communication ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Transmission Stage

Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) poses many challenges to design Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. In this paper, Energy efficient clustering Mobility Hybrid MAC (EMH-MAC) protocol is introduces to manage throughput, delay and energy consumption in WSN. EMH-MAC protocol merges the features of synchronous and asynchronous MAC protocols. EMH-MAC works in two stages: Clustering and Data transmission stage. In the clustering stage MMCDD protocol is used for election of Cluster Head (CH). Data transmission stage works in four segments: two-hop neighbor information, intra-semi synchronous, inter-synchronous communication and data transfer. EMH-MAC is evaluated using Network Simulator-3 and performance is compared with BN-MAC. Simulation results show that EMH-MAC performs well in comparison with BN-MAC in terms of throughput, delay and energy consumption by varying number of nodes and speed of nodes.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Link-TDMA MAC Protocol for Conventional and Radio over Fiber WLANs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Anastasios Valkanis ◽  
Petros Nicopolitidis ◽  
Georgios Papadimitriou
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Ieee 802.11 Mac Protocol ◽  
802.11 Mac ◽  
Time Division ◽  
Tdma Mac

During the last two decades, the IEEE 8201.11 family has multiplied data rate transmissions in wireless local area networks (WLANs). This progress is based on the adoption of new technologies concerning physical layer (PHY), combined with the enhancements in the medium access control (MAC) layer. Radio over Fiber (RoF) is a technology which can further extend this progress, combining the benefits of optical fiber and wireless networks. The current IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol is contention based, which leads to low utilization of the RoF PHY data rate and on the other hand cannot handle the effects of long propagation delays in RoF networks. In this paper, we present a new Hybrid Link Time Division Multiple Access (HL-TDMA) MAC protocol which addresses the above shortcomings and enhances the performance of both conventional and RoF WLANs. Then, through simulation, we evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol, which is shown to be superior to relevant RoF WLAN protocols in the literature.

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