scholarly journals Full-Color See-Through Three-Dimensional Display Method Based on Volume Holography

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2698
Author(s):  
Taihui Wu ◽  
Jianshe Ma ◽  
Chengchen Wang ◽  
Haibei Wang ◽  
Ping Su
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Holographic Recording ◽  
Refractive Index Modulation ◽  
3D Display ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Volume Holography

We propose a full-color see-through three-dimensional (3D) display method based on volume holography. This method is based on real object interference, avoiding the device limitation of spatial light modulator (SLM). The volume holography has a slim and compact structure, which realizes 3D display through one single layer of photopolymer. We analyzed the recording mechanism of volume holographic gratings, diffraction characteristics, and influencing factors of refractive index modulation through Kogelnik’s coupled-wave theory and the monomer diffusion model of photopolymer. We built a multiplexing full-color reflective volume holographic recording optical system and conducted simultaneous exposure experiment. Under the illumination of white light, full-color 3D image can be reconstructed. Experimental results show that the average diffraction efficiency is about 53%, and the grating fringe pitch is less than 0.3 μm. The reconstructed image of volume holography has high diffraction efficiency, high resolution, strong stereo perception, and large observing angle, which provides a technical reference for augmented reality.

Holographic full-color 3D display system using color-LCoS spatial light modulator

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Cheol Kim ◽  
Jaw-Woong Moon ◽  
Dong-Hwi Lee ◽  
Kwang-Chul Son ◽  
Eun-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Light Modulator ◽  
Display System ◽  
3D Display ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Full Color

Improvement of diffraction efficiency of three-dimensional magneto-optic spatial light modulator with magnetophotonic crystal

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 022404 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakamura ◽  
H. Takagi ◽  
Taichi Goto ◽  
P. B. Lim ◽  
H. Horimai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Light Modulator ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Magnetophotonic Crystal ◽  
Magneto Optic

scholarly journals Review of Organic Photorefractive Materials and Their Use for Updateable 3D Display

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5799
Author(s):  
Pierre-Alexandre Blanche ◽  
Jae-Won Ka ◽  
Nasser Peyghambarian
Keyword(s):  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Holographic Recording ◽  
3D Display ◽  
Photorefractive Crystals ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Recording Material ◽  
Photorefractive Materials ◽  
Photorefractive Polymer

Photorefractive materials are capable of reversibly changing their index of refraction upon illumination. That property allows them to dynamically record holograms, which is a key function for developing an updateable holographic 3D display. The transition from inorganic photorefractive crystals to organic polymers meant that large display screens could be made. However, one essential figure of merit that needed to be worked out first was the sensitivity of the material that enables to record bright images in a short amount of time. In this review article, we describe how polymer engineering was able to overcome the problem of the material sensitivity. We highlight the importance of understanding the energy levels of the different species in order to optimize the efficiency and recording speed. We then discuss different photorefractive compounds and the reason for their particular figures of merit. Finally, we consider the technical choices taken to obtain an updateable 3D display using photorefractive polymer. By leveraging the unique properties of this holographic recording material, full color holograms were demonstrated, as well as refreshing rate of 100 hogels/second.

scholarly journals Effect of Glycerol on an N-Vinylpyrrolidone-Based Photopolymer for Transmission Holography

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1754
Author(s):  
Huishi Pi ◽  
Weiping Li ◽  
Zhiwei Shi ◽  
Haining Chen ◽  
Xiaoyu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Diffraction Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Diffractive Optics ◽  
Holographic Recording ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Refractive Index Modulation ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Index Modulation

N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) has a large molecular structure, so it is difficult to diffuse during holographic recording, especially at low spatial frequencies. We used glycerol to promote the diffusion of NVP, and successfully improved the holographic performance of the photopolymer at low spatial frequencies. As the concentration of glycerol increases, the holographic performance first increases and then remains stable. The optimal concentration of glycerol is 0.21 mol/L. At this concentration, the maximum diffraction efficiency of the photopolymer is 84%, the refractive index modulation is 1.95 × 10−3, and the photosensitive sensitivity is 7.91 × 10−4 cm2/mJ. Compared with the control group, the maximum diffraction efficiency, maximum refractive index modulation and photosensitivity at low spatial frequencies (800 lp/mm) have increased by 11.19 times, 4.69 times and 1.71 times, respectively. Using the optimized photopolymer for transmission holographic recording and reproduction, we have obtained a clear and bright transmission hologram. The photopolymer modified with glycerol is expected to be applied to the fields of holography, diffractive optics, and so on.

scholarly journals Water Resistant Cellulose Acetate Based Photopolymer for Recording of Volume Phase Holograms

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Sabad-e- Gul ◽  
John Cassidy ◽  
Izabela Naydenova
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Diffraction Efficiency ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Holographic Recording ◽  
Refractive Index Modulation ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
Holographic Displays

The development of environmentally robust photosensitive materials for holographic recording is crucial for applications such as outdoor LED light redirection, holographic displays and holographic sensors. Despite the progress in holographic recording materials development, their sensitivity to humidity remains a challenge and protection from the environment is required. One approach to solving this challenge is to select substrate such as cellulose acetate, which is water resistant. This work reports the development of a cellulose-based photopolymer with sensitivity of 3.5 cm2/mJ and refractive index modulation of 2.5 × 10−3 achieved in the transmission mode of recording. The suitability for holographic recording was demonstrated by recording gratings with the spatial frequency of 800 linepairs/mm. The intensity dependence of the diffraction efficiency of gratings recorded in 70 μm thick layers was studied and it was observed that the optimum recording intensity was 10 mW/cm2. The robustness of the structures was studied after immersing the layer in water for one hour. It was observed that the diffraction efficiency and the surface characteristics measured before and after exposure to water remain unchanged. Finally, the surface hardness was characterized and was shown to be comparable to that of glass and significantly higher than the one of PVA-based acrylamide photopolymer.

scholarly journals Study of the Effect of Methyldiethanolamine Initiator on the Recording Properties of Acrylamide Based Photopolymer

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Brian Rogers ◽  
Suzanne Martin ◽  
Izabela Naydenova
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Diffraction Efficiency ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Holographic Recording ◽  
Refractive Index Modulation ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Angular Selectivity ◽  
Index Modulation

The use of Holographic Optical Elements (HOEs) in applications, such as in light shaping and redirection, requires certain characteristics such as a high Diffraction Efficiency, low angular selectivity and stability against UV damage. In order to maximize the performance of the HOEs, photosensitive materials are needed that have been optimised for the characteristics that are of particular importance in that application. At the core of the performance of these devices is the refractive index modulation created during holographic recording. Typically, a higher refractive index modulation will enable greater light Diffraction Efficiency and also operation with thinner devices, which in turn decreases the angular selectivity and the stability of the refractive index modulation introduced during recording, which is key to the longevity of the device. Solar concentrators based on volume HOEs can particularly benefit from thinner devices, because, for a solar concentrator to have a high angular working range, thinner photopolymer layers with a smaller angular selectivity are required. This paper presents an optimisation of an acrylamide-based photopolymer formulation for an improved refractive index modulation and recording speed. This was achieved by studying the effect of the concentration of acrylamide and the influence of different initiators in the photopolymer composition on the diffraction efficiency of holographic gratings. Two initiators of different molecular weights were compared: triethanolamine (TEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). A fivefold increase in the rate of grating formation was achieved through the modification of the acrylamide concentration alone, and it was also found that holograms recorded with MDEA as the initiator performed the best and recorded up to 25% faster than a TEA-based photopolymer. Finally, tests were carried out on the stability of the protected and unprotected photopolymer layers when subjected to UV light. The properties exhibited by this photopolymer composition make it a promising material for the production of optical elements and suitable for use in applications requiring prolonged exposure to UV light when protected by a thin melinex cover.

scholarly journals An interactive holographic projection system that uses a hand-drawn interface with a consumer CPU

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nishitsuji ◽  
Takashi Kakue ◽  
David Blinder ◽  
Tomoyoshi Shimobaba ◽  
Tomoyoshi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
3D Display ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Projection System ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
3D Displays ◽  
Computation Algorithm ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
Inter Frame

AbstractHolography is a promising technology for photo-realistic three-dimensional (3D) displays because of its ability to replay the light reflected from an object using a spatial light modulator (SLM). However, the enormous computational requirements for calculating computer-generated holograms (CGHs)—which are displayed on an SLM as a diffraction pattern—are a significant problem for practical uses (e.g., for interactive 3D displays for remote navigation systems). Here, we demonstrate an interactive 3D display system using electro-holography that can operate with a consumer’s CPU. The proposed system integrates an efficient and fast CGH computation algorithm for line-drawn 3D objects with inter-frame differencing, so that the trajectory of a line-drawn object that is handwritten on a drawing tablet can be played back interactively using only the CPU. In this system, we used an SLM with 1,920 $$\times $$ × 1,080 pixels and a pixel pitch of 8 μm × 8 μm, a drawing tablet as an interface, and an Intel Core i9–9900K 3.60 GHz CPU. Numerical and optical experiments using a dataset of handwritten inputs show that the proposed system is capable of reproducing handwritten 3D images in real time with sufficient interactivity and image quality.

Crosstalk Minimization Method for Eye-tracking-based 3D Display

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Lee ◽  
Juyong Park ◽  
Dongkyung Nam
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
3D Display ◽  
Minimization Method ◽  
3D Crosstalk ◽  
Pixel Value

In this article, the authors present an image processing method to reduce three-dimensional (3D) crosstalk for eye-tracking-based 3D display. Specifically, they considered 3D pixel crosstalk and offset crosstalk and applied different approaches based on its characteristics. For 3D pixel crosstalk which depends on the viewer’s relative location, they proposed output pixel value weighting scheme based on viewer’s eye position, and for offset crosstalk they subtracted luminance of crosstalk components according to the measured display crosstalk level in advance. By simulations and experiments using the 3D display prototypes, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of proposed method.

scholarly journals Full-chain modeling and performance analysis of integral imaging three-dimensional display system

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yuan ◽  
Xiaorui Wang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Hang Yuan ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Design ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Display System ◽  
3D Display ◽  
Performance Characterization ◽  
Integral Imaging ◽  
Characterization Model ◽  
Display Quality

Abstract The full-chain system performance characterization is very important for the optimization design of an integral imaging three-dimensional (3D) display system. In this paper, the acquisition and display processes of 3D scene will be treated as a complete light field information transmission process. The full-chain performance characterization model of an integral imaging 3D display system is established, which uses the 3D voxel, the image depth, and the field of view of the reconstructed images as the 3D display quality evaluation indicators. Unlike most of the previous research results using the ideal integral imaging model, the proposed full-chain performance characterization model considering the diffraction effect and optical aberration of the microlens array, the sampling effect of the detector, 3D image data scaling, and the human visual system, can accurately describe the actual 3D light field transmission and convergence characteristics. The relationships between key parameters of an integral imaging 3D display system and the 3D display quality evaluation indicators are analyzed and discussed by the simulation experiment. The results will be helpful for the optimization design of a high-quality integral imaging 3D display system.

scholarly journals Diffraction Efficiency Characteristics for MEMS-Based Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulator with Nonlinear Phase Distribution

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Remington S. Ketchum ◽  
Pierre-Alexandre Blanche
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Efficiency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Spatial Light Modulators ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Light Modulators ◽  
Nonlinear Phase ◽  
Liquid Crystal On Silicon

Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS)-based phase-only spatial light modulators (PLMs) have the potential to overcome the limited speed of liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulators (SLMs) and operate at speeds faster than 10 kHz. This expands the practicality of PLMs to several applications, including communications, sensing, and high-speed displays. The complex structure and fabrication requirements for large, 2D MEMS arrays with vertical actuation have kept MEMS-based PLMs out of the market in favor of LCoS SLMs. Recently, Texas Instruments has adapted its existing DMD technology for fabricating MEMS-based PLMs. Here, we characterize the diffraction efficiency for one of these PLMs and examine the effect of a nonlinear distribution of addressable phase states across a range of wavelengths and illumination angles.

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