scholarly journals Ultra-Low-Power Wide Range Backscatter Communication Using Cellular Generated Carrier

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2663
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Sheikh ◽  
Boxuan Xie ◽  
Kalle Ruttik ◽  
Hüseyin Yiğitler ◽  
Riku Jäntti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Backscatter Communication ◽  
Wide Range

With the popularization of Internet-of-things (IoT) and wireless communication systems, a diverse set of applications in smart cities are emerging to improve the city-life. These applications usually require a large coverage area and minimal operation and maintenance cost. To this end, the recently emerging backscatter communication (BC) is gaining interest in both industry and academia as a new communication paradigm that provides high energy efficient communications that may even work in a battery-less mode and, thus, it is well suited for smart city applications. However, the coverage of BC in urban area deployments is not available, and the feasibility of its utilization for smart city applications is not known. In this article, we present a comprehensive coverage study of a practical cellular carrier-based BC system for indoor and outdoor scenarios in a downtown area of a Helsinki city. In particular, we evaluate the coverage outage performance of different low-power and wide area technologies, i.e., long range (LoRa) backscatter, arrow band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT), and Bluetooth low energy (BLE) based BC at different frequencies of operation. To do so, we carry out a comprehensive campaign of simulations while using a sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) ray tracing (RT) tool, ITU outdoor model, and 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) indoor hotspot model. This study also covers the energy harvesting aspects of backscatter device, and it highlights the importance of future backscatter devices with high energy harvesting efficiency. The simulation results and discussion provided in this article will be helpful in understanding the coverage aspects of practical backscatter communication system in a smart city environment.

scholarly journals Ultra-low-power energy harvesting using power-optimized waveforms

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Valenta ◽  
Gregory D. Durgin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Backscatter Communication ◽  
Passive Sensors ◽  
Energy Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Power-optimized waveforms (POWs) are the enabling technology for realizing an internet-of-things (IoTs). An IoT will require billions or trillions of sensors, which must rely on passive, backscatter communication to facilitate the wireless transfer of information. Passive, backscatter sensors are uniquely suited for an IoT because of their ease of installation, low-cost, and lack of potentially toxic batteries. POW's primary benefit is that they can greatly improve the energy-harvesting efficiency of passive sensors, which increases their range and reliability. An overview of POWs is presented followed by measured results validated by a theoretical model and computer simulations. These measured results conducted at 5.8 GHz demonstrate the highest reported efficiency of a low-power, microwave energy-harvesting circuit of 26.3% at an input power of −10.2 dBm when using an excitation signal with a peak-to-average-power ratio of 12.

scholarly journals Multi-Filter Decoding in WiFi Backscatter Communication

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Richard Boateng Nti ◽  
Ji-Hoon Yun
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Noise Interference ◽  
Decoding Algorithms ◽  
Backscatter Communication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Testbed Experiments ◽  
Backscattered Signals

WiFi backscatter communication has emerged as a promising enabler of ultralow-power connectivity for Internet of things, wireless sensor network and smart energy. In this paper, we propose a multi-filter design for effective decoding of WiFi backscattered signals. Backscattered signals are relatively weak compared to carrier WiFi signals and therefore require algorithms that filter out original WiFi signals without affecting the backscattered signals. Two multi-filter designs for WiFi backscatter decoding are presented: the summation and delimiter approaches. Both implementations employ the use of additional filters with different window sizes to efficiently cut off undesired noise/interference, thus enhancing frame detection and decoding performance, and can be coupled with a wide range of decoding algorithms. The designs are particularly productive in the frequency-shift WiFi backscatter communication. We demonstrate via prototyping and testbed experiments that the proposed design enhances the performance of various decoding algorithms in real environments.

scholarly journals A Self-Powered PMFC-Based Wireless Sensor Node for Smart City Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ayala-Ruiz ◽  
Alejandro Castillo Atoche ◽  
Erica Ruiz-Ibarra ◽  
Edith Osorio de la Rosa ◽  
Javier Vázquez Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Self Powered

Long power wide area networks (LPWAN) systems play an important role in monitoring environmental conditions for smart cities applications. With the development of Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSN), and energy harvesting devices, ultra-low power sensor nodes (SNs) are able to collect and monitor the information for environmental protection, urban planning, and risk prevention. This paper presents a WSN of self-powered IoT SNs energetically autonomous using Plant Microbial Fuel Cells (PMFCs). An energy harvesting device has been adapted with the PMFC to enable a batteryless operation of the SN providing power supply to the sensor network. The low-power communication feature of the SN network is used to monitor the environmental data with a dynamic power management strategy successfully designed for the PMFC-based LoRa sensor node. Environmental data of ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are monitored in real time through a web application providing IoT cloud services with security and privacy protocols.

scholarly journals A low complexity digital frequency calibration with high jitter immunity for ultra-low-power oscillators

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Markus Scholl ◽  
Ralf Wunderlich ◽  
Stefan Heinen
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Wireless Transceiver ◽  
Digital Frequency ◽  
Frequency Calibration

Abstract. This paper presents a highly efficient digital frequency calibration method for ultra-low-power oscillators in wireless communication systems. This calibration method locks the ultra-low-power oscillator's output frequency to the reference clock of the wireless transceiver during its send- and receive-state to achieve frequency stability over process variation and temperature drifts. The introduced calibration scheme offers high jitter immunity and short locking periods overcoming frequency calibration errors for typical ultra-low-power oscillator's by utilizing non-linear segmented feedback levels. In measurements the proposed calibration method improves the frequency stability of an ultra-low-power 32 kHz oscillator from 53 to 10 ppm ∘C−1 over a wide temperature range for temperature drifts of less than 1 ∘C s−1 with an estimated power consumption of 185 nW while coping with relocking periods of 7 ms.

scholarly journals A Smart City Application: Waste Collection System with LoRaWAN Network for Providing Green Environment, Cost Effective and Low Power Consumption Solutions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erol Aktay ◽  
Nursel Yalçın
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Garbage Collection ◽  
City Government ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Ideal System

Abstract The trend towards cities and urbanization, which increases the number of people living in urban areas, makes it necessary for local authorities to be more efficient and effective in providing services and natural resources and to develop some strategies for a sustainable environment. The more effective use of resources, increasing awareness of sustainable environment, climate confidence and motivation to make cities more livable is a new concept Smart City. In this study, the proposed system supports the garbage collection of the city government and works with low budget, low energy and free radio frequencies. The IoT (Internet of Things) sensor node is assembled, and the network is set up based on LoraWan protocol to connect it to the sample garbage can and collect data. Instant data collection by this network through the Internet of Things approaches and designed using this collected data. To establish an ideal system for smart garbage collection for cities and support sustainability in cities by integrating it with city government information systems. The data received from the sensor nodes and the efficiency of the system were demonstrated for the local governments. The primary outcome of this research is how to build a practical smart city application with minimum resources and support local authorities in their daily operation. Moreover, another objective is to investigate how low-power wan communication network in 868Mhz frequency works in İstanbul- TURKEY and the best alternative for cellular networks for excellent communication in smart cities.

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