scholarly journals Ultra-low-power energy harvesting using power-optimized waveforms

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Valenta ◽  
Gregory D. Durgin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Backscatter Communication ◽  
Passive Sensors ◽  
Energy Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Power-optimized waveforms (POWs) are the enabling technology for realizing an internet-of-things (IoTs). An IoT will require billions or trillions of sensors, which must rely on passive, backscatter communication to facilitate the wireless transfer of information. Passive, backscatter sensors are uniquely suited for an IoT because of their ease of installation, low-cost, and lack of potentially toxic batteries. POW's primary benefit is that they can greatly improve the energy-harvesting efficiency of passive sensors, which increases their range and reliability. An overview of POWs is presented followed by measured results validated by a theoretical model and computer simulations. These measured results conducted at 5.8 GHz demonstrate the highest reported efficiency of a low-power, microwave energy-harvesting circuit of 26.3% at an input power of −10.2 dBm when using an excitation signal with a peak-to-average-power ratio of 12.

scholarly journals Ultra-Low-Power Wide Range Backscatter Communication Using Cellular Generated Carrier

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2663
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Sheikh ◽  
Boxuan Xie ◽  
Kalle Ruttik ◽  
Hüseyin Yiğitler ◽  
Riku Jäntti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Backscatter Communication ◽  
Wide Range

With the popularization of Internet-of-things (IoT) and wireless communication systems, a diverse set of applications in smart cities are emerging to improve the city-life. These applications usually require a large coverage area and minimal operation and maintenance cost. To this end, the recently emerging backscatter communication (BC) is gaining interest in both industry and academia as a new communication paradigm that provides high energy efficient communications that may even work in a battery-less mode and, thus, it is well suited for smart city applications. However, the coverage of BC in urban area deployments is not available, and the feasibility of its utilization for smart city applications is not known. In this article, we present a comprehensive coverage study of a practical cellular carrier-based BC system for indoor and outdoor scenarios in a downtown area of a Helsinki city. In particular, we evaluate the coverage outage performance of different low-power and wide area technologies, i.e., long range (LoRa) backscatter, arrow band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT), and Bluetooth low energy (BLE) based BC at different frequencies of operation. To do so, we carry out a comprehensive campaign of simulations while using a sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) ray tracing (RT) tool, ITU outdoor model, and 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) indoor hotspot model. This study also covers the energy harvesting aspects of backscatter device, and it highlights the importance of future backscatter devices with high energy harvesting efficiency. The simulation results and discussion provided in this article will be helpful in understanding the coverage aspects of practical backscatter communication system in a smart city environment.

scholarly journals On the Stability of a Hardware Compensation Mechanism for Embedded Energy Harvesting Emulators

Computers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Valerio Freschi ◽  
Emanuele Lattanzi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Stable Regime ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
The Stability

The possibility of emulating renewable energy sources by means of portable, low-cost embedded devices is a key factor for the design and validation of ultra low-power networked embedded systems. Full characterisation of hardware-software platforms used for reliably and adaptively generating energy traces is therefore needed in order to clearly understand their adoption for testing energy harvesting devices or protocols. We investigate in this study a recently proposed embedded ultra-low power solution, which targets energy harvesting sources emulation with real-time responsiveness. The analyzed platform has been previously evaluated in terms of accuracy and reactiveness. However, given the presence of a positive feedback mechanism implemented by means of a compensation circuit, the possibility of unstable dynamics could hinder its applicability. It is therefore deemed interesting to delineate the conditions which guarantee the stability of the system. The aim of this article is to investigate the problem, to formally derive the electrical loads to be powered that allow for operate in a stable regime, and to experimentally assess properties in realistic scenarios. Theoretical and experimental results highlight the flexibility of the analyzed platform in terms of its capability to quickly adapt to changes in load conditions, while retaining bounded output dynamics.

scholarly journals A Self-Powered PMFC-Based Wireless Sensor Node for Smart City Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ayala-Ruiz ◽  
Alejandro Castillo Atoche ◽  
Erica Ruiz-Ibarra ◽  
Edith Osorio de la Rosa ◽  
Javier Vázquez Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Self Powered

Long power wide area networks (LPWAN) systems play an important role in monitoring environmental conditions for smart cities applications. With the development of Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSN), and energy harvesting devices, ultra-low power sensor nodes (SNs) are able to collect and monitor the information for environmental protection, urban planning, and risk prevention. This paper presents a WSN of self-powered IoT SNs energetically autonomous using Plant Microbial Fuel Cells (PMFCs). An energy harvesting device has been adapted with the PMFC to enable a batteryless operation of the SN providing power supply to the sensor network. The low-power communication feature of the SN network is used to monitor the environmental data with a dynamic power management strategy successfully designed for the PMFC-based LoRa sensor node. Environmental data of ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are monitored in real time through a web application providing IoT cloud services with security and privacy protocols.

A self-powered ultra-low-power intermittent-control SSHI circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting

Circuit World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoda Wang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Yumei Wen ◽  
Zhichun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Intermittent Control ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cold Starting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Self Powered

Purpose Existing control circuits for piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) suffers from long startup time or high power consumption. This paper aims to design an ultra-low power control circuit that can harvest weak ambient vibrational energy on the order of several microwatts to power heavy loads such as wireless sensors. Design/methodology/approach A self-powered control circuit is proposed, functioning for very brief periods at the maximum power point, resulting in a low duty cycle. The circuit can start to function at low input power thresholds and can promptly achieve optimal operating conditions when cold-starting. The circuit is designed to be able to operate without stable DC power supply and powered by the piezoelectric transducers. Findings When using the series-synchronized switch harvesting on inductor circuit with a large 1 mF energy storage capacitor, the proposed circuit can perform 322% better than the standard energy harvesting circuit in terms of energy harvested. This control circuit can also achieve an ultra-low consumption of 0.3 µW, as well as capable of cold-starting with input power as low as 5.78 µW. Originality/value The intermittent control strategy proposed in this paper can drastically reduce power consumption of the control circuit. Without dedicated cold-start modules and DC auxiliary supply, the circuit can achieve optimal efficiency within one input cycle, if the input signal is larger than voltage threshold. The proposed control strategy is especially favorable for harvesting energy from natural vibrations and can be a promising solution for other PEH circuits as well.

An efficient start-up circuitry for de-energized ultra-low power energy harvesting systems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leander B. Hörmann ◽  
Achim Berger ◽  
Lukas Salzburger ◽  
Peter Priller ◽  
Andreas Springer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Harvesting Systems
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