scholarly journals The Potential of Satellite Imagery for Surveying Whales

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
Caroline Höschle ◽  
Hannah C. Cubaynes ◽  
Penny J. Clarke ◽  
Grant Humphries ◽  
Alex Borowicz
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Further Development

The emergence of very high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery (less than 1 m spatial resolution) is creating new opportunities within the fields of ecology and conservation biology. The advancement of sub-meter resolution imagery has provided greater confidence in the detection and identification of features on the ground, broadening the realm of possible research questions. To date, VHR imagery studies have largely focused on terrestrial environments; however, there has been incremental progress in the last two decades for using this technology to detect cetaceans. With advances in computational power and sensor resolution, the feasibility of broad-scale VHR ocean surveys using VHR satellite imagery with automated detection and classification processes has increased. Initial attempts at automated surveys are showing promising results, but further development is necessary to ensure reliability. Here we discuss the future directions in which VHR satellite imagery might be used to address urgent questions in whale conservation. We highlight the current challenges to automated detection and to extending the use of this technology to all oceans and various whale species. To achieve basin-scale marine surveys, currently not feasible with any traditional surveying methods (including boat-based and aerial surveys), future research requires a collaborative effort between biology, computation science, and engineering to overcome the present challenges to this platform’s use.

scholarly journals The Synthesis and Future Directions of Empirical Research on International Students in the United States: The Insights from One Decade

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masha Krsmanovic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Students ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
International Student ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the trends in empirical research on international students in the United States produced between 2010 and 2019. After reviewing and synthesizing the characteristics of 334 research articles published over the past decade, the author identified the areas that have been overly researched and the domains that have not yet been adequately explored. The overall findings of this review indicated that recent scholarly efforts were not always aligned with the international student representation on U.S. campuses. Consequently, the author generated nine critical recommendations for future research in the field. The recommendations were produced and presented in the context of overly- and under-researched institutional sites (i.e. institutional type and control), international student populations (i.e. academic level, field of study, and country of origin), research methods employed, and research questions examined.

Measurement of the Learning Organization Construct: A Critical Perspective and Future Directions for Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 316-332
Author(s):  
Swee Chua Goh
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Further Development

This chapter explores and reviews the development of survey research instruments to measure the learning organization construct. Some examples of such measures are presented and discussed to illustrate the approach used by researchers to establish the reliability and construct validity of these instruments. The contribution in the use of such measures to empirical research in linking the learning organization to outcomes such as organizational performance is also reviewed. A critical perspective is provided as to some of the potential issues for research in the use and further development of such survey instruments. Lastly, some suggested future research directions are proposed on how, using such measures, the field can advance our knowledge of the learning organization through more novel research methods and approaches.

The research on school marketing

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhar Oplatka ◽  
Jane Hemsley‐Brown
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Marketing ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Marketing Planning ◽  
School Marketing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Research Questions

This review provides a synthesis of the scholarship that has sought to expand the understanding of educational marketing practice in schools. The following research questions guided this review. What are the common themes and characteristics that emerge from research about marketing in schools? What remains underdeveloped in the characterization of the school marketing and what are the topics for future research? Based on 25 studies identified as pertinent to the current review the topics of: marketing perceptions, marketing planning, marketing strategies and promotion are discussed. The paper concludes by providing an analysis of the limitations of the current research and discussing future directions for research on school marketing.

Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, a New Perspective and Future Directions

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candida G. Brush
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Women Business Owners ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Research Studies

The number of women starting and owning their own businesses has grown dramatically over the past decade. Concurrent with this trend, there has been an increase in the number of research studies focusing on or including women business owners in their samples. This paper reviews empirical research studies on women business owners and their ventures, classifies the studies in a framework, and summarizes trends emerging from this research. To guide future research, a new perspective on women-owned businesses is proposed and research questions, methods, and implications are discussed.

Future Directions in Human Behavioral Endocrinology

2019 ◽  
pp. 432-441
Author(s):  
Lisa L. M. Welling ◽  
Todd K. Shackelford
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioral Endocrinology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Hormone Research ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Complete Theories ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

Research within behavioral endocrinology has produced substantial advances over the past few decades. Knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved in human behavior informs evolutionary perspectives on selection pressures in our ancestral past, which encourages the development of more complete theories and more refined research questions. Yet, despite these advances, many unanswered questions remain. This chapter outlines broad suggestions for future hormone research within the topics of development and survival, reproductive behavior, and social and affective behavior. It concludes with several general suggestions for the field, including more research using hormonal assays, longitudinal and experimental designs, exogenous hormone administration, and cross-cultural work. It also suggests that researchers continue to consider the function of other endocrine traits (e.g., carrier proteins) and measure or manipulate hormones in combination with assessing hormone receptor genes. Behavioral endocrinology is a field replete with important future research directions that will contribute important insights into the evolution of our own and other species.

scholarly journals Frontiers in Service Science: Ride Matching for Peer-to-Peer Ride Sharing: A Review and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 44-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirmahdi Tafreshian ◽  
Neda Masoud ◽  
Yafeng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Matching Problem ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Routing And Scheduling ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Ride Sharing ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Research Questions

As a consequence of the sharing economy attaining more popularity, there has been a shift toward shared-use mobility services in recent years, especially those that encourage users to share their personal vehicles with others. To date, different variants of these services have been proposed that call for different settings and give rise to different research questions. Peer-to-peer (P2P) ride sharing is one such service that provides a platform for drivers to share their personal trips with riders who have similar itineraries. Unlike ride-sourcing services, drivers in P2P ride sharing have their own individual trips to make and are not driving for the sole purpose of serving rider requests. Unlike traditional carpooling, P2P ride sharing can serve on-demand and one-time trip requests. P2P ride sharing has been identified as a sustainable mode of transportation that results in several individual and societal benefits. The core of a P2P ride-sharing system is a ride-matching problem that determines ride-sharing plans for users. This paper reviews the major studies on the operations of P2P ride-sharing systems, with a focus on modeling and solution methodologies for matching, routing, and scheduling. In this paper, we classify ride-sharing systems based on their operational features and review the existing methodologies for each class. We further discuss a number of important directions for future research.

scholarly journals Visual and Artistic Effects of an IoT System in Smart Cities: Research Flow

IoT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar ◽  
Emilio Abad-Segura
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In smart cities, the progress of technology has allowed the implementation of sensors, originating the Internet of Things (IoT) and making cities safer and more sustainable. Hence, the presence of elements that generate visual and artistic effects of IoT technology can make a great contribution to the provision of information that the urbanite needs. The aim of this study is to analyze worldwide research on the visual and artistic effects of IoT in smart cities. Bibliometric techniques were utilized on 1278 articles on this subject matter for the period of 2010–2019 to achieve results on activity production. This has increased yearly, where in the last triennium, it has accumulated 85.21% of documents. Computer science and engineering were the most prominent subject areas where the articles were classified. The lines of research in the development of this research topic have been detected. Furthermore, the main directions for future research have also been identified. This study aims to contribute to highlighting the drivers of this field of research, in addition to providing the available information and future directions to improve academic and scientific discussion.

Compositional Data Analysis in Tourism: Review and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germà Coenders ◽  
Berta Ferrer-Rosell
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

Compositional data analysis (CoDa) is the standard statistical methodology when data contain information about the relative importance of parts of a whole. Many research questions in tourism are either related to distribution of a whole (e.g., distribution, share, allocation, etc.) or relative importance (e.g., dominance, concentration, profile, etc.). Example research questions might be: How does time allocated to different types of activities relate to tourist satisfaction? or Which origins and destinations concentrate the most tourist flows per tourist segment? The first aim of this article is to present the manner in which CoDa solves statistical problems that arise when treating compositional data with classical statistical methods (e.g., spurious correlations, meaningless distances, assumption violation). The second aim is to review all CoDa applications in tourism and hospitality to date. The third is to present CoDa applications in related fields (e.g., finance, sociology, geography, economics, management, ecology, education), which can be translated into future research in tourism. In order to show how to apply the most common CoDa tools (exploratory analysis of compositions, and use of compositions as variables in a model) an example of restaurant menu styles is used.

Future Directions in International Science Education

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
International Dimension ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Science And Engineering Education

The international dimension of science and engineering education is of paramount importance and merits serious consideration of the coherent skill set that is required to allow scientists and engineers more readily to transport themselves and their work to other locations in the world. 

Mix Networks: Existing Scenarios and Future Directions on Security and Privacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaleel Ahmad ◽  
Afsar Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Web ◽  
Privacy Enhancing Techniques

Background: Privacy enhancing techniques are developed in order to provide strong protection to cyberspace. These techniques aim to allow users to keep their identities hidden during the communication when they are sending email, making payments online, browsing the Web or posting to newsgroups. MixNet is the most practical solution for concealing identities of message and sender’s identities. Objective: It provides sender and receiver anonymity as well as message security. The main goal of MixNet is to overcome vulnerability and enhance the performance of communication. It can efficiently handle the messages of various length and produce desirable results with privacy. The main objective of this paper is to acquire information and concepts regarding MixNet. We also provide guidelines for future research and references. Methods : The designing of MixNet depends on what cryptosystem method is used. Symmetric and Asymmetric both are used. Other methods could be also used such as PIR, CSP and FDR model, RPC, Token-based approach or others. Result: In this paper we provide an overview of MixNet approaches and presented a survey on MixNet based techniques and different models. We also constructed the comparison tables as per our requirements for better understanding. For this purpose, we found a total of 120 articles related to the MixNet published between 1990 and 2018 from the most relevant scientific resources. However, only 86 papers were analyzed due to comprehensiveness and relevancy to this article. Conclusion: Focused on the security and privacy of communication and how it can be achieved. This survey also reveals research progress and research gap on MixNet.

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