scholarly journals Real-Time Production of PGA, PGV, Intensity, and Sa Shakemaps Using Dense MEMS-Based Sensors in Taiwan

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Yang ◽  
Himanshu Mittal ◽  
Yih-Min Wu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Central Weather Bureau

Using low-cost sensors to build a seismic network for earthquake early warning (EEW) and to generate shakemaps is a cost-effective way in the field of seismology. National Taiwan University (NTU) network employing 748 P-Alert sensors based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology is operational for almost the last 10 years. This instrumentation is capable of recording the strong ground motions of up to ± 2g and is dense enough to record the near-field ground motion. It has proven effective in generating EEW warnings and delivering real-time shakemaps to the concerned disaster relief agencies to mitigate the earthquake-affected regions. Before 2020, this instrumentation was used to plot peak ground acceleration (PGA) shakemaps only; however, recently it has been upgraded to generate the peak ground velocity (PGV), Central Weather Bureau (CWB) Intensity scale, and spectral acceleration (Sa) shakemaps at different periods as value-added products. After upgradation, the performance of the network was observed using the latest recorded earthquakes in the country. The experimental results in the present work demonstrate that the new parameters shakemaps added in the current work provide promising outputs, and are comparable with the shakemaps given by the official agency CWB. These shakemaps are helpful to delineate the earthquake-hit regions which in turn is required to assist the needy well in time to mitigate the seismic risk.

scholarly journals Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS): Technology for the 21st century

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Djakov ◽  
Ivanka Popovic ◽  
Ljubinka Rajakovic
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Mems Technology

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are miniturized devices that can sense the environment, process and analyze information, and respond with a variety of mechanical and electrical actuators. MEMS consists of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, electrical and electronics devices on a common silicon substrate. Micro-electro-mechanical systems are becoming a vital technology for modern society. Some of the advantages of MEMS devices are: very small size, very low power consumption, low cost, easy to integrate into systems or modify, small thermal constant, high resistance to vibration, shock and radiation, batch fabricated in large arrays, improved thermal expansion tolerance. MEMS technology is increasingly penetrating into our lives and improving quality of life, similar to what we experienced in the microelectronics revolution. Commercial opportunities for MEMS are rapidly growing in broad application areas, including biomedical, telecommunication, security, entertainment, aerospace, and more in both the consumer and industrial sectors on a global scale. As a breakthrough technology, MEMS is building synergy between previously unrelated fields such as biology and microelectronics. Many new MEMS and nanotechnology applications will emerge, expanding beyond that which is currently identified or known. MEMS are definitely technology for 21st century.

Scope of RF MEMS Technology for Microwave Circuits and Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Kanthamani Sundharajan
Keyword(s):  
Rf Mems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Circuits ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Mems Switches ◽  
Phased Array Antennas ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Rf Mems Switches ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Key Issues

Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has facilitated the need for innovative approaches in the design and development of miniaturized, effective, low-cost radio frequency (RF) microwave circuits and systems. This technology is expected to have significant role in today's 5G applications for the development of reconfigurable architectures. This chapter presents an overview of the evolution of MEMS-based subsystems and devices, especially switches and phased array antennas. This chapter also discusses the key issues in design and analysis of RF MEMS-based devices, particularly with primary emphasis on RF MEMS switches and antennas.

scholarly journals Real-time structural health monitoring for concrete beams: a cost-effective ‘Industry 4.0’ solution using piezo sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arka Ghosh ◽  
David John Edwards ◽  
M. Reza Hosseini ◽  
Riyadh Al-Ameri ◽  
Jemal Abawajy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Non Destructive

PurposeThis research paper adopts the fundamental tenets of advanced technologies in industry 4.0 to monitor the structural health of concrete beam members using cost-effective non-destructive technologies. In so doing, the work illustrates how a coalescence of low-cost digital technologies can seamlessly integrate to solve practical construction problems.Design/methodology/approachA mixed philosophies epistemological design is adopted to implement the empirical quantitative analysis of “real-time” data collected via sensor-based technologies streamed through a Raspberry Pi and uploaded onto a cloud-based system. Data was analysed using a hybrid approach that combined both vibration-characteristic-based method and linear variable differential transducers (LVDT).FindingsThe research utilises a novel digital research approach for accurately detecting and recording the localisation of structural cracks in concrete beams. This non-destructive low-cost approach was shown to perform with a high degree of accuracy and precision, as verified by the LVDT measurements. This research is testament to the fact that as technological advancements progress at an exponential rate, the cost of implementation continues to reduce to produce higher-accuracy “mass-market” solutions for industry practitioners.Originality/valueAccurate structural health monitoring of concrete structures necessitates expensive equipment, complex signal processing and skilled operator. The concrete industry is in dire need of a simple but reliable technique that can reduce the testing time, cost and complexity of maintenance of structures. This was the first experiment of its kind that seeks to develop an unconventional approach to solve the maintenance problem associated with concrete structures. This study merges industry 4.0 digital technologies with a novel low-cost and automated hybrid analysis for real-time structural health monitoring of concrete beams by fusing several multidisciplinary approaches into one integral technological configuration.

Real-Time Process Quality Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor-Embedded Rotary Tools for Fastening Operations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak T. Mohan ◽  
Jeffrey Birt ◽  
Can Saygin ◽  
Jaganathan Sarangapani
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Optical Encoder ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Rotary Type

Fastening operations are extensively used in the aerospace industry and constitute for more than a quarter of the total cost. Inspection of fasteners is another factor that adds cost and complexity to the overall process. Inspection is usually carried out on a sampling-basis as a stand-alone process after the fastening process is completed. Lack of capability to inspect all fasteners in a cost effective manner and the need to remove non-value added activities, such as inspection by itself, in order to reduce the manufacturing lead time have been the motivation behind this study. This paper presents a novel diagnostics scheme based on Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) for monitoring the quality of rotary-type fastening operations in real-time. This approach encompasses (1) integrating a torque sensor, a pressure sensor, and an optical encoder on a hand-held rotary-type fastening tool; (2) obtaining process parameters via the embedded sensors and generating process signatures in real-time; and (3) detecting anomalies on the tool using a wireless mote that communicates the decision with a base station. The anomalies investigated in this study are the grip length variations as under grip and normal grip, and presence of re-used fasteners. The proposed scheme has been implemented on prototype rotary tool for bolt-nut type of fasteners and tested under a variety of experimental settings. The experimental results have shown that the proposed approach is successful, with an accuracy of over 95% in detecting grip lengths of fasteners in real-time during the process.

LZER0: GNSS cost-effective real-time positioning applied to landslide monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Tunini ◽  
David Zuliani ◽  
Paolo Fabris ◽  
Marco Severin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Landslide Event ◽  
Wide Range

<p>The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide a globally extended dataset of primordial importance for a wide range of applications, such as crustal deformation, topographic measurements, or near surface processes studies. However, the high costs of GNSS receivers and the supporting software can represent a strong limitation for the applicability to landslide monitoring. Low-cost tools and techniques are strongly required to face the plausible risk of losing the equipment during a landslide event.</p><p>Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS) of Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale OGS in collaboration with SoluTOP, in the last years, has developed a cost-effective GNSS device, called LZER0, both for post-processing and real-time applications. The aim is to satisfy the needs of both scientific and professional communities which require low-cost equipment to increase and improve the measurements on structures at risk, such as landslides or buildings, without losing precision.</p><p>The landslide monitoring system implements single-frequency GNSS devices and open source software packages for GNSS positioning, dialoguing through Linux shell scripts. Furthermore a front-end web page has been developed to show real-time tracks. The system allows measuring real-time surface displacements with a centimetre precision and with a cost ten times minor than a standard RTK GPS operational system.</p><p>This monitoring system has been tested and now applied to two landslides in NE- Italy: one near Tolmezzo municipality and one near Brugnera village. Part of the device development has been included inside the project CLARA 'CLoud plAtform and smart underground imaging for natural Risk Assessment' funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR).</p>

NFC-Capable Mobile Devices for Mobile Payment Services

2007 ◽  
pp. 706-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karnouskos
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Mobile Payments ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Interesting Candidate ◽  
Service Oriented

An old saying coming from the telecom world states that nothing can be really considered as a service unless you are able to charge for it. As we move towards a service-oriented society, the necessity to pay in real time for a variety of services via different channels anywhere, anytime, in any currency increases. According to Gartner (www.gartner.com), worldwide mobile phone sales totaled 816.6 million units in 2005, a 21% increase from 2004. Due to the high penetration rates of the mobile devices, they pose an interesting candidate for the real-time payment scenarios. Several efforts have already been done (Karnouskos, 2004), but as new technology comes aboard, new capabilities are also brought along. Near Field Communication (NFC) is such a technology, which due to the industry support and its low cost (in comparison with similar ones) may become dominant in short-range communication among a variety of devices, including mobile phones. NFC is well equipped in order to facilitate mobile payments with little interference from the user side.

Development and validation of a low-cost mobile robotics testbed

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Johnson ◽  
Martin Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Robotics ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Development And Validation

AbstractThis paper considers the design, construction and validation of a low-cost experimental robotic testbed, which allows for the localisation and tracking of multiple robotic agents in real time. The testbed system is suitable for research and education in a range of different mobile robotic applications, for validating theoretical as well as practical research work in the field of digital control, mobile robotics, graphical programming and video tracking systems. It provides a reconfigurable floor space for mobile robotic agents to operate within, while tracking the position of multiple agents in real-time using the overhead vision system. The overall system provides a highly cost-effective solution to the topical problem of providing students with practical robotics experience within severe budget constraints. Several problems encountered in the design and development of the mobile robotic testbed and associated tracking system, such as radial lens distortion and the selection of robot identifier templates are clearly addressed. The testbed performance is quantified and several experiments involving LEGO Mindstorm NXT and Merlin System MiaBot robots are discussed.

Towards an efficient indoor navigation system: a near field communication approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson E. Sakpere ◽  
Nhlanhla Boyfriend Wilton Mlitwa ◽  
Michael Adeyeye Oshin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This research aims to focus on providing interventions to alleviate usability challenges to strengthen the overall accuracy and the navigation effectiveness in indoor and stringent environments through the experiential manipulation of technical attributes of the positioning and navigation system. Design/methodology/approach The study followed a quantitative and experimental method of empirical enquiry and software engineering and synthesis research methods. The study further entails three implementation processes, namely, map generation, positioning framework and navigation service using a prototype mobile navigation application that uses the near field communication (NFC) technology. Findings The approach and findings revealed that the capability of NFC in leveraging its low-cost infrastructure of passive tags, its availability in mobile devices and the ubiquity of the mobile device provided a cost-effective solution with impressive accuracy and usability. The positioning accuracy achieved was less than 9 cm. The usability improved from 44 to 96 per cent based on feedbacks given by respondents who tested the application in an indoor environment. These showed that NFC is a viable alternative to resolve the challenges identified in previous solutions and technologies. Research limitations/implications The major limitation of the navigation application was that there is no real-time update of user position. This can be investigated and extended further by using NFC in a hybrid make-up with WLAN, radio-frequency identification (RFID) or Bluetooth as a cost-effective solution for real-time indoor positioning because of their coverage and existing infrastructures. The hybrid positioning model, which merges two or more techniques or technologies, is becoming more popular and will improve its accuracy, robustness and usability. In addition, it will balance complexity, compensate for the limitations in the technologies and achieve real-time mobile indoor navigation. Although the presence of WLAN, RFID and Bluetooth technologies are likely to result in system complexity and high cost, NFC will reduce the system’s complexity and balance the trade-off. Practical implications Whilst limitations in existing indoor navigation technologies meant putting up with poor signal and poor communication capabilities, outcomes of the NFC framework will offer valuable insight. It presents new possibilities on how to overcome signal quality limitations at improved turn-around time in constrained indoor spaces. Social implications The innovations have a direct positive social impact in that it will offer new solutions to mobile communications in the previously impossible terrains such as underground platforms and densely covered spaces. With the ability to operate mobile applications without signal inhibitions, the quality of communication – and ultimately, life opportunities – are enhanced. Originality/value While navigating, users face several challenges, such as infrastructure complexity, high-cost solution, inaccuracy and usability. Hence, as a contribution, this paper presents a symbolic map and path architecture of a floor of the test-bed building that was uploaded to OpenStreetMap. Furthermore, the implementation of the RFID and the NFC architectures produced new insight on how to redress the limitations in challenged spaces. In addition, a prototype mobile indoor navigation application was developed and implemented, offering novel solution to the practical problems inhibiting navigation in indoor challenged spaces – a practical contribution to the community of practice.

scholarly journals MIRRA: A Modular and Cost-Effective Microclimate Monitoring System for Real-Time Remote Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4615
Author(s):  
Olivier Pieters ◽  
Emiel Deprost ◽  
Jonas Van Der Donckt ◽  
Lore Brosens ◽  
Pieter Sanczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Microclimate Monitoring ◽  
Weather Stations

Monitoring climate change, and its impacts on ecological, agricultural, and other societal systems, is often based on temperature data derived from official weather stations. Yet, these data do not capture most microclimates, influenced by soil, vegetation and topography, operating at spatial scales relevant to the majority of organisms on Earth. Detecting and attributing climate change impacts with confidence and certainty will only be possible by a better quantification of temperature changes in forests, croplands, mountains, shrublands, and other remote habitats. There is an urgent need for a novel, miniature and simple device filling the gap between low-cost devices with manual data download (no instantaneous data) and high-end, expensive weather stations with real-time data access. Here, we develop an integrative real-time monitoring system for microclimate measurements: MIRRA (Microclimate Instrument for Real-time Remote Applications) to tackle this problem. The goal of this platform is the design of a miniature and simple instrument for near instantaneous, long-term and remote measurements of microclimates. To that end, we optimised power consumption and transfer data using a cellular uplink. MIRRA is modular, enabling the use of different sensors (e.g., air and soil temperature, soil moisture and radiation) depending upon the application, and uses an innovative node system highly suitable for remote locations. Data from separate sensor modules are wirelessly sent to a gateway, thus avoiding the drawbacks of cables. With this sensor technology for the long-term, low-cost, real-time and remote sensing of microclimates, we lay the foundation and open a wide range of possibilities to map microclimates in different ecosystems, feeding a next generation of models. MIRRA is, however, not limited to microclimate monitoring thanks to its modular and wireless design. Within limits, it is suitable or any application requiring real-time data logging of power-efficient sensors over long periods of time. We compare the performance of this system to a reference system in real-world conditions in the field, indicating excellent correlation with data collected by established data loggers. This proof-of-concept forms an important foundation to creating the next version of MIRRA, fit for large scale deployment and possible commercialisation. In conclusion, we developed a novel wireless cost-effective sensor system for microclimates.

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