scholarly journals Smart Textiles and Sensorized Garments for Physiological Monitoring: A Review of Available Solutions and Techniques

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Alessandra Angelucci ◽  
Matteo Cavicchioli ◽  
Ilaria A. Cintorrino ◽  
Giuseppe Lauricella ◽  
Chiara Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Physiological Monitoring ◽  
Smart Textiles ◽  
Complete Integration ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Several wearable devices for physiological and activity monitoring are found on the market, but most of them only allow spot measurements. However, the continuous detection of physiological parameters without any constriction in time or space would be useful in several fields such as healthcare, fitness, and work. This can be achieved with the application of textile technologies for sensorized garments, where the sensors are completely embedded in the fabric. The complete integration of sensors in the fabric leads to several manufacturing techniques that allow dealing with both the technological challenges entailed by the physiological parameters under investigation, and the basic requirements of a garment such as perspiration, washability, and comfort. This review is intended to provide a detailed description of the textile technologies in terms of materials and manufacturing processes employed in the production of sensorized fabrics. The focus is pointed at the technical challenges and the advanced solutions introduced with respect to conventional sensors for recording different physiological parameters, and some interesting textile implementations for the acquisition of biopotentials, respiratory parameters, temperature and sweat are proposed. In the last section, an overview of the main garments on the market is depicted, also exploring some relevant projects under development.

scholarly journals Highly Sensitive E-Textile Strain Sensors Enhanced by Geometrical Treatment for Human Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Cuong Vu ◽  
Jooyong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Form Factors ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Smart Textiles ◽  
Electronic Manufacturing ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Textile Sensors ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Electronic textiles, also known as smart textiles or smart fabrics, are one of the best form factors that enable electronics to be embedded in them, presenting physical flexibility and sizes that cannot be achieved with other existing electronic manufacturing techniques. As part of smart textiles, e-sensors for human movement monitoring have attracted tremendous interest from researchers in recent years. Although there have been outstanding developments, smart e-textile sensors still present significant challenges in sensitivity, accuracy, durability, and manufacturing efficiency. This study proposes a two-step approach (from structure layers and shape) to actively enhance the performance of e-textile strain sensors and improve manufacturing ability for the industry. Indeed, the fabricated strain sensors based on the silver paste/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) layers and buffer cutting lines have fast response time, low hysteresis, and are six times more sensitive than SWCNT sensors alone. The e-textile sensors are integrated on a glove for monitoring the angle of finger motions. Interestingly, by attaching the sensor to the skin of the neck, the pharynx motions when speaking, coughing, and swallowing exhibited obvious and consistent signals. This research highlights the effect of the shapes and structures of e-textile strain sensors in the operation of a wearable e-textile system. This work also is intended as a starting point that will shape the standardization of strain fabric sensors in different applications.

scholarly journals Enabling Technologies for Operator 4.0: A Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Ruppert ◽  
Szilárd Jaskó ◽  
Tibor Holczinger ◽  
János Abonyi
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Intelligent Space ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Resultant Operator

The fast development of smart sensors and wearable devices has provided the opportunity to develop intelligent operator workspaces. The resultant Human-Cyber-Physical Systems (H-CPS) integrate the operators into flexible and multi-purpose manufacturing processes. The primary enabling factor of the resultant Operator 4.0 paradigm is the integration of advanced sensor and actuator technologies and communications solutions. This work provides an extensive overview of these technologies and highlights that the design of future workplaces should be based on the concept of intelligent space.

Physico-Chemical Challenges in 3D Printing of Polymeric Nanocomposites and Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2778-2792
Author(s):  
Massimo Bonini
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Polymeric Nanocomposites ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Additive manufacturing techniques (i.e., 3D printing) are rapidly becoming one of the most popular methods for the preparation of materials to be employed in many different fields, including biomedical applications. The main reason is the unique flexibility resulting from both the method itself and the variety of starting materials, requiring the combination of multidisciplinary competencies for the optimization of the process. In particular, this is the case of additive manufacturing processes based on the extrusion or jetting of nanocomposite materials, where the unique properties of nanomaterials are combined with those of a flowing matrix. This contribution focuses on the physico-chemical challenges typically faced in the 3D printing of polymeric nanocomposites and polymeric hydrogels intended for biomedical applications. The strategies to overcome those challenges are outlined, together with the characterization approaches that could help the advance of the field.

Variance Quantification of Different Additive Manufacturing Processes for Acoustic Meta Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. 2708-2723
Author(s):  
Manuel Bopp ◽  
Arn Joerger ◽  
Matthias Behrendt ◽  
Albert Albers
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
3D Laser Scanning ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Different Levels

Many concepts for acoustic meta materials rely on additive manufacturing techniques. Depending on the production process and material of choice, different levels of precision and repeatability can be achieved. In addition, different materials have different mechanical properties, many of which are frequency dependent and cannot easily be measured directly. In this contribution the authors have designed different resonator elements, which have been manufactured utilizing Fused Filament Fabrication with ABSplus and PLA, as well as PolyJet Fabrication with VeroWhitePlus. All structures are computed in FEA to obtain the calculated Eigenfrequencies and mode shapes, with the respective literature values for each material. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior of multiple instances of each structure is measured utilizing a 3D-Laser-Scanning Vibrometer under shaker excitation, to obtain the actual Eigenfrequencies and mode shapes. The results are then analyzed in regards to variance between different print instances, and in regards to accordance between measured and calculated results. Based on previous work and this analysis the parameters of the FEA models are updated to improve the result quality.

Implementation of Flexible Displays for Smart Textiles Using Processes of Printed Electronics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (NOR) ◽  
pp. 000021-000028
Author(s):  
Artem Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Smart Textiles ◽  
Flexible Displays ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Driver Electronics

Abstract Utilisation of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and printed electroluminescent elements for manufacturing of flexible displays to be integrated in textile items was analysed. The comparative investigation focused on the necessary manufacturing processes, on the architecture of driver electronics, on achievable display brightness, on lifetime expectations and reliability aspects of the systems. Printed electroluminescent display demonstrators were manufactured and integrated in jackets for the currently running field test. Description of the produced systems as well as the results of the comparative analysis are presented.

scholarly journals Manufacturing Processes of Integral Blade Rotors for Turbomachinery, Processes and New Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haizea González-Barrio ◽  
Amaia Calleja-Ochoa ◽  
A. Lamikiz ◽  
L. N. López de Lacalle
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Grinding Processes ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Manufacturing techniques applied to turbomachinery components represent a challenge in the aeronautical sector. These components are commonly composed of high resistant super-alloys; in order to satisfy the extreme working conditions, they have to support during their useful life. Besides, in the particular case of Integrally Bladed Rotors (IBR), they usually present complex geometries that need to be roughed and finished by milling and grinding processes, respectively. Thermoresistant superalloys present many challenges in terms of machinability what leads to find new alternatives to conventional manufacturing processes. In order to face this issue, this work presents a review of the last advances for IBR manufacturing and repairing processes.

Current Issues of Developing Methodology and Software Solutions Used in Different Phases of Modelling Additive Production Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Ripetskiy ◽  
Stanislav Vassilyev ◽  
Sergey Zelenov ◽  
Ekaterina Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Additive Production ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
New Criteria

The mathematical methods and examples considered in the article allow efficient modeling of additive manufacturing processes by formulating a number of new criteria for geometry evaluation for compliance with the technological limitations of the additive manufacturing techniques. The aim of the research is the development of the new techniques, methods, algorithms and structured data aimed to validate the entire chain of additive manufacturing process.

scholarly journals Design of Additively Manufactured Structures for Biomedical Applications: A Review of the Additive Manufacturing Processes Applied to the Biomedical Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaviana Calignano ◽  
Manuela Galati ◽  
Luca Iuliano ◽  
Paolo Minetola
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Design Perspective ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Am Processes

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a disruptive technology as it pushes the frontier of manufacturing towards a new design perspective, such as the ability to shape geometries that cannot be formed with any other traditional technique. AM has today shown successful applications in several fields such as the biomedical sector in which it provides a relatively fast and effective way to solve even complex medical cases. From this point of view, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate AM technologies currently used in the medical field and their benefits along with contemporary. The review highlights differences in processes, materials, and design of additive manufacturing techniques used in biomedical applications. Successful case studies are presented to emphasise the potentiality of AM processes. The presented review supports improvements in materials and design for future researches in biomedical surgeries using instruments and implants made by AM.

Wearable Devices for Blood Purification: Principles, Miniaturization, and Technical Challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Armignacco ◽  
Anna Lorenzin ◽  
Mauro Neri ◽  
Federico Nalesso ◽  
Francesco Garzotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Blood Purification ◽  
Technical Challenges
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