scholarly journals Enabling Technologies for Operator 4.0: A Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Ruppert ◽  
Szilárd Jaskó ◽  
Tibor Holczinger ◽  
János Abonyi
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Intelligent Space ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Resultant Operator

The fast development of smart sensors and wearable devices has provided the opportunity to develop intelligent operator workspaces. The resultant Human-Cyber-Physical Systems (H-CPS) integrate the operators into flexible and multi-purpose manufacturing processes. The primary enabling factor of the resultant Operator 4.0 paradigm is the integration of advanced sensor and actuator technologies and communications solutions. This work provides an extensive overview of these technologies and highlights that the design of future workplaces should be based on the concept of intelligent space.

A resource-oriented middleware in a prototype cyber-physical manufacturing system

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (13) ◽  
pp. 2339-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Pingyu Jiang ◽  
Chaoyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Heterogeneous Sensors ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies ◽  
Access Right

The interconnection among heterogeneous sensors and data acquisition equipment in cyber-physical systems have profound significance in achieving adaptability, flexibility, and transparency. Various middlewares have been developed in cyber-physical systems to collect, aggregate, correlate, and translate system monitoring data. Existing middleware solutions are normally highly customized, which face several challenges due to the highly dynamic and harsh production environments. The data generated by sensors can only be shared by specific applications, which prevents the reusability of sensors. Moreover, the lack of uniform access to sensors causes high cost and low efficiency in application development. To address these issues, a resource-oriented middleware architecture called ROMiddleware was proposed, and three key enabling technologies including heterogeneous sensor modeling and grouping, open application programming interfaces development, and token-based access right control mechanism have been developed. Under the guidance of the key enabling technologies, a prototype of ROMiddleware was implemented and its performance was evaluated. Finally, two applications were developed to stress the significance of ROMiddleware. The results show that ROMiddleware can meet the requirements of data acquisition in cyber-physical systems.

scholarly journals Using AutomationML and Graph-Based Design Languages for Automatic Generation of Digital Twins of Cyber-Physical Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Beisheim ◽  
Markus Kiesel ◽  
Markus Linde ◽  
Tobias Ott
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Process Simulations ◽  
Design Languages

The interdisciplinary development of smart factories and cyber-physical systems CPS shows the weaknesses of classical development methods. For example, the communication of the interdisciplinary participants in the development process of CPS is difficult due to a lack of cross-domain language comprehension. At the same time, the functional complexity of the systems to be developed increases and they act operationally as independent CPSs. And it is not only the product that needs to be developed, but also the manufacturing processes are complex. The use of graph-based design languages offers a technical solution to these challenges. The UML-based structures offer a cross-domain language understanding for all those involved in the interdisciplinary development process. Simulations are required for the rapid and successful development of new products. Depending on the functional scope, graphical simulations of the production equipment are used to simulate the manufacturing processes as a digital factory or a virtual commissioning simulation. Due to the high number of functional changes during the development process, it makes sense to automatically generate the simulation modelling as digital twins of the products or means of production from the graph-based design languages. The paper describes how digital twins are automatically generated using AutomationML according to the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) or the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA).

scholarly journals A full Model-Based Design Environment for the Development of Cyber Physical Systems

Designs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Roberto Manione
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Real Model ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Controller Board

This paper discusses a full model-based design approach in the applicative development of Cyber Physical Systems targeting the fast development of Logic controllers (i.e., the “Cyber” side of a CPS). The proposed modeling language provides a synthesis between various somehow conflicting constraints, such as being graphical, easily usable by designers, self-contained with no need for extra information, and to leads to efficient implementation, even in low-end embedded systems. Its main features include easiness to describe parallelism of actions, precise time handling, communication with other systems according to various interfaces and protocols. Taking advantage the modeling easiness deriving from the above features, the language encourages to model whole CPSs, that is their Logical and their Physical side, working together; such whole models are simulated in order to achieve insight about their interaction and spot possible flaws in the controller; once validated, the very same model, without the Physical side, is compiled and into the logic controller, ready to be flashed on the controller board and to interact with the physical side. The discussed language has been implemented into a real model-based development environment, TaskScript, in use since a few years in the development of production grade systems. Results about its effectiveness in terms of model expressivity and design effort are presented; such results show the effectiveness of the approach: real case production grade systems have been developed and tested in a few days.

scholarly journals The Intelligent Space Modeled as a Cyber-Physical System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1.) ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Szász
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Intelligent Space ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cps Model

According to a general rule definition, the intelligent space (iSpace) is defined as a location (or space) provided with electronic sensor networks that enable the considered environment with intelligent behaviors. As a result, the considered space will be able to perceive stimulus around them and to understand events that happen its near surrounding. Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are building blocks in Industry 4.0 that links digital technology and the physical environment in an industrial context. They combine intelligent physical objects and systems on a high level of functions integration. This paper emphasizes the main idea that intelligent spaces may be also modeled as complex cyber-physical systems, as well. This approach has been developed by discussing the theoretical basis of both the iSpaces and CPSs, respectively unfolding a short comparison between their basic behaviors. As a concrete example, the CPS model of a given iSpace framework is presented and discussed widely in the paper. This model has been experimented by using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) processor-based ready-to-use development systems and software technologies that handles reconfigurable hardware technology. The implementation proves that the developed CPS model is well feasible and expresses in all the main behaviors and functions of iSpaces. It is also mentioned that the actual stage of the technological development terms and scientific areas related to iSpaces and CPSs overlaps. In fact, this is not surprising at all by considering nowadays evidence that iSpaces are widely present and shared components in modern manufactory processes that are an inherent part of Industry 4.0 vision and reality.

scholarly journals Healthy Operator 4.0: A Human Cyber–Physical System Architecture for Smart Workplaces

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjing Sun ◽  
Xiaochen Zheng ◽  
Bing Gong ◽  
Jorge García Paredes ◽  
Joaquín Ordieres-Meré
Keyword(s):  
System Architecture ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Smart Manufacturing Systems

Recent advances in technology have empowered the widespread application of cyber–physical systems in manufacturing and fostered the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In the factories of the future, it is possible that all items, including operators, will be equipped with integrated communication and data processing capabilities. Operators can become part of the smart manufacturing systems, and this fosters a paradigm shift from independent automated and human activities to human–cyber–physical systems (HCPSs). In this context, a Healthy Operator 4.0 (HO4.0) concept was proposed, based on a systemic view of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and wearable technology. For the implementation of this relatively new concept, we constructed a unified architecture to support the integration of different enabling technologies. We designed an implementation model to facilitate the practical application of this concept in industry. The main enabling technologies of the model are introduced afterward. In addition, a prototype system was developed, and relevant experiments were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system architecture and the implementation framework, as well as some of the derived benefits.

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