scholarly journals An Internet of Vehicles (IoV) Access Gateway Design Considering the Efficiency of the In-Vehicle Ethernet Backbone

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Dae-Young Kim ◽  
Minwoo Jung ◽  
Seokhoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Vehicular Network ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Delay ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Average Transmission ◽  
Vehicle Network

A vehicular network is composed of an in-vehicle network (IVN) and Internet of Vehicles (IoV). IVN exchanges information among in-vehicle devices. IoV constructs Vehicle-to-X (V2X) networks outside vehicles and exchanges information among V2X elements. These days, in-vehicle devices that require high bandwidth is increased for autonomous driving services. Thus, the spread of data for vehicles is exploding. This kind of data is exchanged through IoV. Even if the Ethernet backbone of IVN carries a lot of data in the vehicle, the explosive increase in data from outside the vehicle can affect the backbone. That is, the transmission efficiency of the IVN backbone will be reduced due to excessive data traffic. In addition, when IVN data traffic is transmitted to IoV without considering IoV network conditions, the transmission efficiency of IoV is also reduced. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an IoV access gateway to controls the incoming data traffic to the IVN backbone and the outgoing data traffic to the IoV in the network environment where IVN and IoV are integrated. Computer simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, and the proposed system shows better performance in the accumulated average transmission delay.

scholarly journals Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) Experiment in Sensor-Based Integrated Environment for Autonomous Driving

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juho Lee ◽  
Sungkwon Park
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Band Size ◽  
Integrated Environment ◽  
Vehicle Network

Recently, large amounts of data traffic from various sensors and image and navigation systems within vehicles are generated for autonomous driving. Broadband communication networks within vehicles have become necessary. New autonomous Ethernet networks are being considered as alternatives. The Ethernet-based in-vehicle network has been standardized in the IEEE 802.1 time-sensitive network (TSN) group since 2006. The Ethernet TSN will be revised and integrated into a subsequent version of IEEE 802.1Q-2018 published in 2018 when various new TSN-related standards are being newly revised and published. A TSN integrated environment simulator is developed in this paper to implement the main functions of the TSN standards that are being developed. This effort would minimize the performance gaps that can occur when the functions of these standards operate in an integrated environment. As part of this purpose, we analyzed the simulator to verify that the traffic for autonomous driving satisfies the TSN transmission requirements in the in-vehicle network (IVN) and the preemption (which is one of the main TSN functions) and reduces the overall End-to-End delay. An optimal guard band size for the preemption was also found for autonomous vehicles in our work. Finally, an IVN model for autonomous vehicles was designed and the performance test was conducted by configuring the traffic to be used for various sensors and electronic control units (ECUs).

scholarly journals 5G Mobile Services and Scenarios: Challenges and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousaf Zikria ◽  
Sung Kim ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Haoxiang Wang ◽  
Mubashir Rehmani
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Network ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Massive Number

The Fifth generation (5G) network is projected to support large amount of data traffic and massive number of wireless connections. Different data traffic has different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. 5G mobile network aims to address the limitations of previous cellular standards (i.e., 2G/3G/4G) and be a prospective key enabler for future Internet of Things (IoT). 5G networks support a wide range of applications such as smart home, autonomous driving, drone operations, health and mission critical applications, Industrial IoT (IIoT), and entertainment and multimedia. Based on end users’ experience, several 5G services are categorized into immersive 5G services, intelligent 5G services, omnipresent 5G services, autonomous 5G services, and public 5G services. In this paper, we present a brief overview of 5G technical scenarios. We then provide a brief overview of accepted papers in our Special Issue on 5G mobile services and scenarios. Finally, we conclude this paper.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Resource Sharing in an Internet of Vehicles-Employed Mobile Edge Computing Environment

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Nguyen ◽  
Tien-Dung Nguyen ◽  
Van Nguyen ◽  
Xuan-Qui Pham ◽  
Eui-Nam Huh
Keyword(s):  
Video Streaming ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Vehicular Network ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Mobile Users ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Mobile Edge Computing ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
The Cost

By bringing the computation and storage resources close proximity to the mobile network edge, mobile edge computing (MEC) is a key enabling technology for satisfying the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) infotainment applications’ requirements, e.g., video streaming service (VSA). However, the explosive growth of mobile video traffic brings challenges for video streaming providers (VSPs). One known issue is that a huge traffic burden on the vehicular network leads to increasing VSP costs for providing VSA to mobile users (i.e., autonomous vehicles). To address this issue, an efficient resource sharing scheme between underutilized vehicular resources is a promising solution to reduce the cost of serving VSA in the vehicular network. Therefore, we propose a new VSA model based on the lower cost of obtaining data from vehicles and then minimize the VSP’s cost. By using existing data resources from nearby vehicles, our proposal can reduce the cost of providing video service to mobile users. Specifically, we formulate our problem as mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINP) in order to calculate the total payment of the VSP. In addition, we introduce an incentive mechanism to encourage users to rent its resources. Our solution represents a strategy to optimize the VSP serving cost under the quality of service (QoS) requirements. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed mechanism is possible to achieve up to 21% and 11% cost-savings in terms of the request arrival rate and vehicle speed, in comparison with other existing schemes, respectively.

Development of a Scaled Vehicle Model for Dynamics Testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Hewavithana ◽  
◽  
J.P.L. Ravihara ◽  
K.K.S. Wishwajith ◽  
U.L.S. Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Dynamic Similitude ◽  
Scaled Models ◽  
Vehicle Testing ◽  
Future Work

The interest in using scaled models for dynamics testing of prototype vehicles is growing due to the high demand for autonomous driving. In the early design phases, vehicle testing is done using computer simulations. Even though computer simulations are proven to be extremely helpful in designing prototypes, simulation models need to be validated using realworld testing. There are high costs involved in vehicle testing and it’s dangerous to conduct aggressive driving manoeuvres with real drivers. As a solution, researchers have used scaled models. To validate the computer simulations, researchers matched the scaled model test data with full-size vehicle prototypes considering the dynamic similitude. However, previous work was limited to the analysis of the steady-state behaviour of vehicles. To accurately predict the behaviour, the transientstate response must be tested as well. Therefore, this paper outlines the precursory work of a scaled model with the ability to test both states during vehicle manoeuvres. This paper is structured as follows. Section II presents related work. Section III elaborates on the mathematical modelling and present the results of the computer simulations. Section IV presents the scaled model which will be developed. Section V concludes the findings, and present the future work of research.

P2P Streaming Media Caching Allocation Algorithm Based on 3G Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 263-266 ◽  
pp. 1071-1075
Author(s):  
Gui Hua Kang ◽  
De Guang Li
Keyword(s):  
Streaming Media ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Delay ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
P2p Streaming ◽  
Allocation Algorithm ◽  
3G Networks ◽  
3G Network ◽  
Streaming Media Technology

Now 3G mobile technologies is the research focus in the field of mobile communication. Streaming media technology based on 3G networks is always difficult problems in this field. P2P streaming media technology has become the mainstream application form of internet. In this paper, we design a P2P streaming media cache allocation algorithm based on 3G networks. This algorithm use network protocols to connect 3G network with P2P network to minimize transmission delay and to improve the transmission efficiency. Simulation experiments show that this algorithm presented in this paper has the obvious performance advantage in transmission delay and transmission efficiency.

scholarly journals A Terminal-Oriented Distributed Traffic Flow Splitting Strategy for Multi-Service of V2X Networks

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Ding ◽  
Zitong Ma ◽  
Zhiliang Li ◽  
Ruoyu Su ◽  
Dengyin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Distribution ◽  
Generation Network ◽  
Flow Splitting ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Network Transmission

With the development and the characteristics of terminal services of the 5G (5th-Generation network) Internet of Vehicles (IoVs), this paper proposes a distributed splitting strategy for multi-type services of 5G V2X (Vehicle to X) networks. Based on a service-oriented adaptive splitting strategy in heterogeneous networks, combined with various service types such as communications between the networks, terminal, and base stations, and the value-added services of 5G IoVs, the proposed strategy jointly considers delay and cost as optimization goals. By analyzing the characteristics of the different services, the proposed traffic flow splitting strategy is modeled as an optimization problem to efficiently split services in 5G V2X networks. The simulation results show that by setting the traffic distribution policy for each service, the distributed traffic flow splitting strategy can significantly improve network transmission efficiency and reduce the service costs in a vehicle V2X network.

scholarly journals Data network models of burstiness

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo D'Auria ◽  
Sidney I. Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Tails ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Stylized Facts ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Poisson Input ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Input Model ◽  
Bursty Behavior

We review characteristics of data traffic which we term stylized facts: burstiness, long-range dependence, heavy tails, bursty behavior determined by high-bandwidth users, and dependence determined by users without high transmission rates. We propose an infinite-source Poisson input model which supplies traffic in adjacent time slots. We study properties of the model as slot width decreases and traffic intensity increases. This model has the ability to account for many of the stylized facts.

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