scholarly journals An Analysis of the Eurasian Tectonic Plate Motion Parameters Based on GNSS Stations Positions in ITRF2014

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6065
Author(s):  
Marcin Jagoda ◽  
Miłosława Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Reference Frame ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
Angular Rotation ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Motion Parameters

The article is the fourth part of our research program concerning an analysis of tectonic plates’ motion parameters that is based on an observation campaign of an array of satellite techniques: SLR, DORIS, VLBI, and now GNSS. In this paper, based on the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (ITRF2014) for observations and using the GNSS technique, the Eurasian tectonic plate motion was analyzed and the plate motion parameters Φ, Λ (the position of the rotation pole), and ω (the angular rotation speed) were adjusted. Approximately 1000 station positions and velocities globally were obtained from the GNSS campaign over a 21-year time interval and used in ITRF2014. Due to the large number of data generated using this technique, the analyses were conducted separately for each tectonic plate. These baseline data were divided into a number of parts related to the Eurasian plate, and are shown in this paper. The tectonic plate model was analyzed on the basis of approximately 130 GNSS station positions. A large number of estimated station positions allowed a detailed study to be undertaken. Stations that agree with the plate motion were selected and plate parameters were estimated with high accuracy. In addition, stations which did not agree with the tectonic plate motion were identified and removed. In the current paper, the influence of the number and location of stations on the computed values and accuracy of the tectonic plate motion parameters is discussed. Four calculation scenarios are examined. Each scenario contains 30 stations for the common solution of the European and Asiatic part of the Eurasian plate. The maximum difference between the four calculation scenarios is 0.31° for the Φ parameter and 0.24° for the Λ parameter, indicating that it is at the level of the value of the formal error. The ω parameter has the same value for all the scenarios. The final stage of the analysis is the estimation of parameters Φ, Λ, and ω based on all of the 120 stations used in the four calculation scenarios (i.e., scenario 1 + scenario 2 + scenario 3 + scenario 4). The following results are obtained: Φ = 54.81° ± 0.37°, Λ = 261.04° ± 0.48°, and ω = 0.2585°/Ma ± 0.0025°/Ma. The results of the analysis are compared with the APKIM2005 model and another solution based on the GNSS technique, and a good agreement is found.

scholarly journals Determination of Motion Parameters of Selected Major Tectonic Plates Based on GNSS Station Positions and Velocities in the ITRF2014

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5342
Author(s):  
Marcin Jagoda
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stable Solution ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
Sequential Method ◽  
Angular Rotation ◽  
African Plate ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
Motion Parameters

Current knowledge about tectonic plate movement is widely applied in numerous scientific fields; however, questions still remain to be answered. In this study, the focus is on the determination and analysis of the parameters that describe tectonic plate movement, i.e., the position (F and L) of the rotation pole and angular rotation speed (w). The study was based on observational material, namely the positions and velocities of the GNSS stations in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (ITRF2014), and based on these data, the motion parameters of five major tectonic plates were determined. All calculations were performed using software based on a least squares adjustment procedure that was developed by the author. The following results were obtained: for the African plate, Φ = 49.15 ± 0.10°, Λ = −80.82 ± 0.30°, and ω = 0.267 ± 0.001°/Ma; for the Australian plate, Φ = 32.94 ± 0.05°, Λ = 37.70 ± 0.12°, and ω = 0.624 ± 0.001°/Ma; for the South American plate, Φ = –19.03 ± 0.20°, Λ = −119.78 ± 0.39°, and ω = 0.117 ± 0.001°/Ma; for the Pacific plate, Φ = −62.45 ± 0.07°, Λ = 111.01 ± 0.14°, and ω = 0.667 ± 0.001°/Ma; and for the Antarctic plate, Φ = 61.54 ± 0.30°, Λ = −123.01 ± 0.49°, and ω = 0.241 ± 0.003°/Ma. Then, the results were compared with the geological plate motion model NNR-MORVEL56 and the geodetic model ITRF2014 PMM, with good agreement. In the study, a new approach is proposed for determining plate motion parameters, namely the sequential method. This method allows one to optimize the data by determining the minimum number of stations required for a stable solution and by identifying the stations that negatively affect the quality of the solution and increase the formal errors of the determined parameters. It was found that the stability of the solutions of the F, L, and w parameters varied depending on the parameters and the individual tectonic plates.

Determination of the tectonic plates motion parameters based on SLR, DORIS and VLBI stations positions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Jagoda ◽  
Miłosława Rutkowska ◽  
Czesław Suchocki ◽  
Jacek Katzer
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Motion Parameters ◽  
Stability Of The Solution

AbstractOn the base of International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2008 (ITRF2008) a new global plate model of station positions and velocities with accuracy 1–3 mm and 1 mm per year respectively was established. Next, this model was used in our paper for plate motion parameters estimation for the major plates as Eurasian, North American, Pacific and small plates as Australian, African and Antarctic on the base of the observation campaigns for three techniques: Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Doppler Orbitography by Radiopositioning Integrated on Satellite system (DORIS) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), each technique was analyzed separately. Investigation for GNSS technique is scheduled to take place in the future. The plate motion parameters were adjusted using least squares method and sequential solution. In the first stage, the plate motion parameters were determined for two selected stations and next stations were added until stability of the solution was observed. Final results of our solution were compared with the APKIM 2005 IGN model by H. Drewes. Agreement of solutions is order 2 degrees or better.

scholarly journals NASA/Crustal Dynamics Project Results: Tectonic Plate Motion Measurements with Mark-III VLBI

1988 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 339-340
Author(s):  
J. W. Ryan ◽  
T. A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
West Germany ◽  
Marshall Islands ◽  
North American Plate ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Owens Valley ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
African Plate ◽  
The North ◽  
Crustal Dynamics

The NASA Crustal Dynamics Project (CDP) has been using VLBI on intercontinental baselines to measure tectonic plate motions since 1979. We report on measurements between sites on the North American plate (Haystack/Westford, MA; Owens Valley and Mojave, CA; Ft. Davis, TX and Gilmore Creek, AK), the Eurasian plate (Onsala, Sweden; Wettzell, West Germany, and Shanghai, China), the Pacific plate (Kauai, HI; Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands, and Vandenberg AFB, CA), the African plate (Hartebesthoek, RSA), and Japan (Kashima).

scholarly journals Analysis of Tectonic Plate Velocity Variations in the Sunda Strait Based on GPS Time-series Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 873 (1) ◽  
pp. 012084
Author(s):  
Y Dhira ◽  
I Meilano ◽  
D W Dudy
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Plate Velocity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gps Time Series

Abstract Indonesia is an earthquake-prone country located in the junction of four tectonic plates, namely the Indo-Australian, Eurasian, Philippine, and Pacific. The convergent boundary between tectonic plates is also called a subduction zone that can produce great earthquakes in the future. One of the subduction zones in Indonesia is the Sunda Strait subduction zone which predicted can release a M7.8 earthquake. Previous research stated that there is a change in tectonic plate velocity after an earthquake ruptured. It is likely that this could happen in the Sunda Strait area which has experienced several large earthquakes. In this study, we conducted research to find out the information on the tectonic plate velocity changes in the Sunda Strait. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) time-series data provided by Indonesia Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). The time series data is used to calculate the earthquake displacement, the changes in GPS velocity of before and after earthquake, and the changes in velocity of each time interval. Our results show that the horizontal displacement due to the earthquake at all GPS stations ranged from 3.34 mm to 7.36 mm in the north-south direction and -27.45 mm to 0.18 mm in the east-west direction. Furthermore, the result of the changes in GPS velocity before and after an earthquake ranged from 2.25 mm/year to 12.60 mm/year and 1.80 mm/year to 13.35 mm/year. The pattern of change in velocity is likely due to post-seismic deformation from the 2012 Indian Ocean earthquake, the 2016 Sumatra earthquake, and also other tectonic factors.

scholarly journals Earthquake in Assam and North Bengal and COVID19 in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusab Baig ◽  
Isra Abdul ◽  
Dattatreya Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
National Centre ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Hazard Zone ◽  
North Bengal

Earthquake in Assam and north Bengal in IndiaOn April 28, 2021, a 6.4 Richter scale earthquake affected the Sonitpur district of Assam, the tremors of which were felt in north Bengal and other parts of North-East India, as reported by the National Centre for Seismology1. Six more tremors followed the first shake 2. There were reports of widespread damage to buildings and other structures from across Assam, mostly in the central and western towns of Tezpur, Nagaon, Guwahati, Mangaldoi, Dhekiajuli, and Morigaon3. Again on May 3rd, 2021, an earthquake was felt in the Sonitpur district of Assam with a 3.7 magnitude on the Richter scale4. Assam disaster management authority reported that 10 people from 4 districts suffered physical injuries since the first attack on April 28, 2021, and some more time will be needed to know about the actual amount of damage that had taken place5. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the area affected by the earthquake is seismically very active and falls in the highest seismic hazard zone where the Indian tectonic plate subducts with the Eurasian plate because of which there are high chances of future quakes as well6.

scholarly journals Implementasi Google Maps API Pemetaan Jalur Evakuasi Bencana Alam di Kabupatem Lombok Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Khaerul Yasin ◽  
Ahmat Adil
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Basically, Indonesia is traversed by three active tectonic plates namely the Indo-Australian Plate in the south, and the Eurasian Plate in the north and the Pacific Plate in the east. The plates collide with each other because the Indo-Australian Plate movement drops below the Eurasian plate. As a result of this accumulation, it caused earthquakes, volcanoes, and faults or faults in parts of Indonesia. In the Geographic Information System evacuation routes will be used by Google maps Api to implement the spatial map making of evacuation routes. Google Map Api is an application interface that can be accessed via javascript so that Google Map can be displayed on the web page that we are building. The result or output to be achieved is the creation of a geographic information system mapping natural disaster evacuation route in the North Lombok district that can be run on a Web platform. Based on the trials conducted it can be concluded that this application can help the community to find the location of evacuation routes and gathering points in accordance with the districts and villages where they live.

scholarly journals Hotspot swells and the lifespan of volcanic ocean islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. eaaw6906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly L. Huppert ◽  
J. Taylor Perron ◽  
Leigh H. Royden
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
Mantle Sources ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
Ocean Islands

Volcanic ocean islands generally form on swells—seafloor that is shallower than expected for its age over areas hundreds to more than a thousand kilometers wide—and ultimately subside to form atolls and guyots (flat-topped seamounts). The mechanisms of island drowning remain enigmatic, however, and the subaerial lifespan of volcanic islands varies widely. We examine swell bathymetry and island drowning at 14 hotspots and find a correspondence between island lifespan and residence time atop swell bathymetry, implying that islands drown as tectonic plate motion transports them past mantle sources of swell uplift. This correspondence argues strongly for dynamic uplift of the lithosphere at ocean hotspots. Our results also explain global variations in island lifespan, which influence island topography, biodiversity, and climate.

scholarly journals Akumulasi Regangan di Sumatera Berdasarkan Data Pengamatan GPS Tahun 2002-2008 dan Dampak Kerusakan Lingkungan Akibat Pelepasan Regangan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riko Maiyudi ◽  
Irwan Meilano ◽  
Dina Sarsito
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Sumatra Island ◽  
Deformation Patterns

ABSTRAKPulau Sumatera terletak di antara dua lempeng tektonik yaitu lempeng Indo-Australia dan lempeng Eurasia. Intensitas gempa bumi sangat besar di pulau ini, terutama di sepanjang daerah pesisir barat. Pada 2002-2008 periode, banyak gempa bumi besar yang menyebabkan korban jiwa dan kerusakan lingkungan. Fenomena ini menunjukkan bahwa studi tentang pola deformasi pulau Sumatera sangat diperlukan. Studi yang diperlukan adalah untuk rencana mitigasi bencana di masa depan. Pola deformasi gempa dapat diamati dengan GPS pengamatan (Global Positioning System). Data yang digunakan untuk gempa Sumatera adalah GPS Sumatera Array (SuGAr). Perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk data Array GPS Sumatera dari pulau Sumatera adalah Gamit 10.4. Dari hasil pengolahan data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa data perpindahan koordinat stasiun dapat digunakan jika data outlier telah terhapus. Dari koordinat perpindahan stasiun bisa diperoleh vektor perpindahan semua stasiun sebelum, selama atau setelah gempa bumi. Dari perpindahan nilai-nilai vektor, nilai regangan yang terjadi di sepanjang pulau Sumatera dapat diperkirakan. Dari data regangan, nilai akumulasi regangan 2002-2008 dapat diperoleh. Sehingga dapat dianalisis wilayah yang berpotensi terjadinya gempa selanjutnya.Kata Kunci: Akumulasi Regangan , Deformasi, Kerusakan Lingkungan, ABSTRACTThe Sumatra Island is located between two tectonic plates; the Indo-Australia Plate and the Eurasian plate. The intensity of the earthquakes is very large on the island because of this, especially along the western coastal area. On the 2002 to 2008 period, many large earthquakes that caused casualties and damage to the environment. These phenomena shows that the studies of the deformation patterns of the Sumatra island is required. The studies are required for disaster mitigation plans in the future. The deformation patterns of the earthquake can be observed with GPS (Global Positioning System) observation. The data that is being used for Sumatra earthquake is the Sumatran GPS Array. The software that is used for the Sumatran GPS Array data of the Sumatra Island is the Gamit 10.4. From the data processing, it can be concluded that there are displacements of the nations can be used if the outlier data has been erased. From the station displacement coordinates, we can obtain the displacement vector of all of the station before, during or after the earthquakes. From the displacement vector values, the values of the strain that occurs along the Sumatra Island can be estimated. From the strain data, the accumulated value of strain from 2002 to 2008 can be obtained. Finally it can be predicted potential area for next earthquake.Keywords: Keywords: Deformation, Environmental Damage, Accumulated Strain. 

scholarly journals PENGELOMPOKAN KEJADIAN GEMPA BUMI MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY C-MEANS CLUSTERING

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Ryan Rifqi Arista ◽  
Rosa Andrie Asmara ◽  
Dwi Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Fuzzy C Means ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Earthquake Vulnerability ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
Grouping Systems ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
High Level

The Indonesian region has a high level of earthquake vulnerability when compared to other countries. This is because Indonesia's position is at the confluence of three large tectonic plates namely the Eurasian plate, the Indo-Australian plate, and the Pacific plate. The high level of earthquake susceptibility is evidenced by significant earthquake data from 2005 to 2009, which recorded 26 significant earthquakes over a period of 4.8 to 8.6 on the Richter scale. The earthquake also caused impacts including casualties, injuries, damage to houses and destruction of houses.The earthquake event grouping system is a system that functions to classify earthquake events based on two main parameters, namely earthquake strength parameters and earthquake impact parameters. The two parameters are grouped separately, so that the grouping process produces two kinds of grouping results. The stages of this system start from preprocessing data to eliminate noise, then take grouping parameters from the user in the form of the number of clusters, minimum error values, and the maximum iteration limit. Grouping is done using fuzzy c-means method. The grouping results are then displayed in table form and in the form of coordinates in Google Maps.The grouping of earthquake events has been tested by comparing the results of grouping systems with the results of manual grouping. Testing is done by inputting a number of different maximum iterations. Based on the test results it was found that the greater the maximum iteration value will affect the accuracy of grouping.

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