scholarly journals Smart and Climate-Smart Agricultural Trends as Core Aspects of Smart Village Functions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5977
Author(s):  
Adegbite Adesipo ◽  
Oluwaseun Fadeyi ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Ondrej Krejcar ◽  
Petra Maresova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Trends ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Attention has shifted to the development of villages in Europe and other parts of the world with the goal of combating rural–urban migration, and moving toward self-sufficiency in rural areas. This situation has birthed the smart village idea. Smart village initiatives such as those of the European Union is motivating global efforts aimed at improving the live and livelihood of rural dwellers. These initiatives are focused on improving agricultural productivity, among other things, since most of the food we eat are grown in rural areas around the world. Nevertheless, a major challenge faced by proponents of the smart village concept is how to provide a framework for the development of the term, so that this development is tailored towards sustainability. The current work examines the level of progress of climate smart agriculture, and tries to borrow from its ideals, to develop a framework for smart village development. Given the advances in technology, agricultural development that encompasses reduction of farming losses, optimization of agricultural processes for increased yield, as well as prevention, monitoring, and early detection of plant and animal diseases, has now embraced varieties of smart sensor technologies. The implication is that the studies and results generated around the concept of climate smart agriculture can be adopted in planning of villages, and transforming them into smart villages. Hence, we argue that for effective development of the smart village framework, smart agricultural techniques must be prioritized, viz-a-viz other developmental practicalities.

scholarly journals There Is No Place like Home! How Willing Are Young Adults to Move to Find a Job?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7494
Author(s):  
Julia Weiss ◽  
Livio Ferrante ◽  
Mariano Soler-Porta
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Job Opportunities

The European Union (EU) has undergone significant economic crises in recent years. Therein, young people were amongst the hardest hit groups, with youth unemployment rising as high as 50% in some member states. Particularly high rates of youth unemployment were often observed in rural areas, where labour market supply in relation to demand were notably divergent. One of the core pillars of the EU’s agenda is to tackle the persistent problem of youth unemployment. Since the recent crisis, this has been via the “Youth on the Move” initiative, which involves the promotion of intra- and international mobility of young adults in order to gain access to job opportunities. However, what has received little attention so far is the question of what the general willingness of young adults to move is like, and to what extent this varies, for example, depending upon the area they live in. This paper therefore asks if rural youth differ from youth in urban areas in relation to their willingness to move for a job within their country or to another country. Moreover, what influences the general willingness to be mobile? Based on the Cultural Pathways to Economic Self-Sufficiency and Entrepreneurship (CUPESSE) Survey, which includes data on 18–35-year-olds in a sample of 11 European countries, it is shown that living in a rural area is strongly associated with the willingness to move. Furthermore, it shows that rural youth are more willing to move within the country but less willing to move to another country. Based on the presentation of the various factors, which promote or curb mobility readiness, the results make it clear that the success of EU initiatives depends on the preferences and willingness of the target group in question.

Digital Agriculture Strategy

2022 ◽  
pp. 283-314
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Trends

The aim of this chapter is to examine strategies for digitalizing agriculture. The first part of the chapter examines strategies for digitalizing agriculture in Africa. This part begins with an analysis of the role of agriculture in Africa, and it attempts to answer the question of whether African can feed itself and the world through its own agriculture. The first part will also consider strategies for innovating and computerizing Africa's agriculture. The second part of the chapter will examine agricultural trends and strategies in the European Union. This part will focus specifically on the trends of digital-oriented and smart farm developments. The final part of the chapter will consider strategies for digitalizing agriculture in Latin America and Asia.

scholarly journals Knowledge and financial skills as the factors determining the financial exclusion process of rural dwellers in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Horská ◽  
M. Szafrańska ◽  
R. Matysik-Pejas
Keyword(s):  
Women Elderly ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Exclusion Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Financial Exclusion ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
European Union Member States

The aim of the article is determining the level of knowledge and financial skills of rural dwellers on an example of one of the European Union member states (Poland), as the factors which play a crucial role in the process of limiting the phenomenon of financial exclusion. The main source of data used for the analysis was the information gathered through the author&rsquo;s own studies conducted on a group of 1000 randomly chosen people. Statistical analysis of the researched material comprised the summary statistical measurements, the non-parametric &chi;<sup>2 </sup>test and the cluster analysis (k-means clustering). As results from the conducted analysis, the inhabitants of rural areas in Poland are characterized by the average level of knowledge and financial skills. The level of financial competences represented by rural dwellers is conditioned both by the economic and non-economic factors. Three groups of citizens were distinguished on the basis of the conducted investigations. The group which requires special educational measures comprises of women, elderly and less educated persons, households with lower incomes, families of annuitants and old-age pensioners, but also persons using financial tools in a lower degree, not using banking services or living in the areas with a worse access to the banking infrastructure.

Food supply and agricultural self-sufficiency in contemporary Iran

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
National Income ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Iran was preeminently and agricultural country until recent times. Growth of oil production, exports and revenues during the course of the twentieth century led increasingly to it playing an expanded but rather geographically and economically restricted role in the structures of both employment and national income. As late as the 1960s, more than half of all Iranians in gainful employment were to be found in agriculture or related activities and most Iranians were essentially rural dwellers. Only with the advent of land reform and other upheavals in the countryside from 1961 was there a marked change in the situation. Whatever its other merits, land reform overthrew a form of equilibrium in rural areas that had previously fostered conservatism, isolation and immobility. Among the changes brought in the train of reforms enforced by the central authorities beginning in the early 1960s were displacement of population at an accelerating rate. Rural People left agricultural employment and, as soon as opportunity presented itself, moved from the villages to the towns.

RENT-FORMING POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENTIAL ORGANIC FARMING FORMATION IN KOMI REPUBLIC

1970 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
А. S. Shcherbakova (Ponomareva) ◽  
N. I. Zhukov ◽  
V. I. Eremeev
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

In the various crisis conditions of agricultural development, the role of promising sectors of the agrarian sector is growing. The development of organic agriculture is relevant and in demand throughout the world. Demand for organic products is increasing. For Russia, organic agriculture is a young sector that requires the adoption of a law in this area and the creation of effective mechanisms for its management and support. Russia can become one of the main suppliers at the world level of organic food products. On the example, the Republic of Кomi, perspective of the development of organic agriculture in the region of the main agricultural food products. For conducting organic farming, a rating assessment of soil quality was carried out in the agro-climatic regions of the region. The Komi Republic agro-industrial complex is confronted with the task of increasing the self-sufficiency of basic foodstuffs, which should be carried out in four directions: the first is ensuring domestic production of products on the average annual level, which were reached by Republic in 1986-1990, on average; the second is the achievement of the highest level of production for each type of product that the republic had from 1990 to 2015; the third is a 25% increasing in self-sufficiency of the population with meat and milk with adaptive chemicalization of the republic agriculture that does not harm the ecological environment; the fourth is the development of organic farming, bringing the level of self-sufficiency of the population of the republic: with meat – more than 60 kg / person, milk – 280 kg / person, which will satisfy the recommended consumption rates of the Russian Federation by 86.2%, and WHO, respectively, by 76.9 and 69.1%. At the same time, the specialized production profile should be differentiated according to the soil rating for organic farming in the agro-climatic regions of the Komi Republic and within them presented in the article.

scholarly journals Improving the efficiency of farm management using modern digital technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 13003
Author(s):  
Tatiana Grober ◽  
Oleg Grober
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Tracking Devices

Around the world, farmers are increasingly turning to the concept of smart agriculture. The concept of smart agriculture includes the use of innovative digital technologies, mobile applications, sensors and tracking devices, communication channels, data analysis tools, and other intelligent solutions for users. This article discusses the farm of LLC “Rodon”, located in the Rostov region. Due to its low profitability, the aim of the work was to improve the efficiency of farm management using modern trends in agricultural development and digital technologies. The activity of this farm can be represented as a model of multi-criteria optimization with target functions of profit from the sale of crops and increasing the yield of cultivated crops and restrictions on the ratio of areas by cultivated crops, by field areas, the number of purchased seeds, fertilizers, and other expenses. To optimize this model, the following tasks were solved: a plan for crop rotation of cultivated crops for 5 years was drawn up; a software package consisting of user applications “Profit calculation” and “Crop rotation” was developed. The user can quickly and easily determine their optimal strategy for the next year.

The Effects of World Capitalist Economy on Urbanization in Egypt, 1800–1970

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Chaichian
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Capitalist Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

This research paper provides an historical analysis of urbanization in Egypt and its relationships to her incorporation into the world capitalist economy during the last two centuries. My major concern is to discover more about the following issues: (1) the historical reasons for the structural disjunction of the peasant population from rural areas; and (2) the dynamics of rural–urban migration and the problem of overconcentration of population in a few major urban centers.

scholarly journals Land use and protection: legal regulation and foreign experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Yevhen Leheza ◽  
Svitlana Tiutchenko ◽  
Olha Stanina ◽  
Serhii Shatrava ◽  
Serhii Rezanov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The World

The purpose of the research is to analyze land use and protection global trends in the activities of state bodies. Main content. The global trends of state administration of land use and protection were investigated. It was revealed that the use of the land resource potential in the countries of the world is carried out taking into account the environmental safety requirements provided for in the strategic documents of the land sphere. Taking into account the European integration intentions of Ukraine, tools were proposed for the development of rural areas based on the ecosystem approach. Methodology: Materials and methods research based on the analysis of documentary sources. The basis is the dialectical method of cognition of the facts of social reality, on which the formal legal and comparative legal approaches are largely based. Conclusions. The EU and the world countries experience gives reasons to assert that the priority task of state administration of land use and protection (land administration) is an ecosystem approach to the conservation and reproduction of land and other natural resources, which is implemented by maintaining a joint agricultural policy, creating funds to support farmers, providing technical assistance, developing national, targeted programs and long-term development plans. For the European Union countries, the development of strategic documents for the development of the land sector for 5-10 years is a general trend.

scholarly journals Aktualne kierunki zmian we wspólnej polityce rolnej Unii Europejskiej

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Adamowicz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Community Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internal Markets ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

The aim of the work is presenting the evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy, mainly the changes which occurred in this policy during the last decade, as well as the forms and size of support of agriculture and rural areas. The study was prepared with the use of OECD rapport, mainly the rapport on monitoring and evolution the Common Agricultural Policy 2015, and the subject matter literature. Three groups of factors influencing the Common Agricultural Policy changes were distinguished. There are: factors influencing the state of agriculture in member countries; factors influencing relations of the European Union with the world economy and factor linked with the world financial crisis. The changes occurred in both pillars of the CAP were presented, in Pillar I related to the price and market spheres and in that related to direct payments, and in Pillar II, which cover complex of instruments influencing agriculture and rural areas. The special and specific payments were also described. Among instruments supporting agriculture special attentions was given to instruments of internal markets, instruments influencing services and foreign trade regulations. One of the main conclusions is statement that periodical changes of aims and instruments of the CAP did not destroy the background of the policy and the necessity of the community support for agriculture.

scholarly journals Stemming rural-urban migration through agricultural development: Can Nigeria apply the lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic?

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
A.E. Agwu ◽  
I.Q. Anugwa ◽  
C.F. Ifeonu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Food System ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Nigeria has one of the highest population growth rates in the world resulting to rapid urbanization and an enormous increase in the population leaving rural areas and now living in urban centres. In spite of the increased emphasis on rural development, rural-urban migration has persisted mainly due to the farmerherder conflict situation, poverty, lack of job opportunities, insecurity and gross inadequacy of social infrastructures in the rural areas. This mass migration and other factors have put Nigeria in an emergency food and nutrition insecure situation. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was already an existing gap in the Nigerian food system, which led to the importation of food items to augment local production in order to meet local demand. However, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic undermined efforts to achieve SDG 2 as the country witnessed not only a major disruption to food supply chains in the wake of lockdowns and movement restrictions triggered by the global health crisis, but also a major economic slowdown. The commerce, service, and agricultural sectors were the hardest hit by the spread of the virus and the effects are different along the rural-urban continuum. The vacuum created by the migration of people from the rural to urban areas led to reduction of farm yields, while the urban areas were particularly affected in terms of food supply from rural areas as a result of movement restrictions made during the height of the pandemic. More urbanised areas may be harder hit than remote rural areas if connectivity remains broken down, as most food crops are produced in the rural and semi-rural areas. This paper recommends strategies and policies aimed at reducing poverty, food insecurity and inequality across the urban-rural continuum through agricultural development. This will assist in addressing the adverse drivers of migration with particular focus on improving the social and economic conditions of rural areas. Key words: agricultural development, COVID-19, food security, rural-urban migration

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