scholarly journals Characterization and Differentiation between Olive Varieties through Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy, Neural Networks and IoT

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5932
Author(s):  
José Miguel Madueño Luna ◽  
Antonio Madueño Luna ◽  
Rafael E. Hidalgo Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Working Together ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Olive Varieties ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Electrical impedance has shown itself to be useful in measuring the properties and characteristics of agri-food products: fruit quality, moisture content, the germination capacity in seeds or the frost-resistance of fruit. In the case of olives, it has been used to determine fat content and optimal harvest time. In this paper, a system based on the System on Chip (SoC) AD5933 running a 1024-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to return the impedance value as a magnitude and phase and which, working together with two ADG706 analog multiplexers and an external programmable clock based on a synthesized DDS in a FPGA XC3S250E-4VQG100C, allows for the impedance measurement in agri-food products with a frequency sweep from 1 Hz to 100 kHz. This paper demonstrates how electrical impedance is affected by the temperature both in freshly picked olives and in those processed in brine and provides a way to characterize cultivars by making use of only the electrical impedance, neural networks (NN) and the Internet of Things (IoT), allowing information to be collected from the olive samples analyzed both on farms and in factories.

On-chip epithelial barrier function assays using electrical impedance spectroscopy

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Emily J. Swindle ◽  
Jane E. Collins ◽  
Judith A. Holloway ◽  
Donna E. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Function ◽  
On Chip

scholarly journals Apple Bruise Detection by Electrical Impedance Measurement

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillipa J. Jackson ◽  
F. Roger Harker
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrical Impedance Measurement ◽  
Further Development

Electrical impedance was used to determine the extent of tissue damage that occurred as a result of bruising of apple fruit (Malus ×domestica Borkh, cvs. Granny Smith and Splendour). Impedance measurements were made before and after bruising. Plots of reactance against resistance at 36 spot frequencies between 50 Hz and 1 MHz traced a semicircular arc, which contracted in magnitude after bruising. A number of characteristics of these curves were then related to bruise weight. The change in resistance that occurred as a result of fruit impact (ΔR50Hz) was the best predictor of bruise weight, with r2 values up to 0.71. Before bruising, resistance of fruit was higher in `Splendour' than in `Granny Smith' (P < 0.001), and at 0 °C than at 20 °C (P < 0.001), but was not influenced by fruit weight. The influence of apple cultivar and temperature on electrical impedance may cause difficulties when implementing these measurements in a commercial situation. However, further development of electrical impedance spectroscopy methodologies may result in convenient research techniques for assessing bruise weight without having to wait for browning of the flesh.

scholarly journals Dimensionality reduction methods for Impedance Spectroscopy data of biological materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
R Cavalieri ◽  
P Bertemes-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Pca Method

Abstract Electrical impedance spectroscopy combined with Neural Networks can be a powerful combination to identify biological materials. This paper utilizes a data set containing two biological samples taken from different species and applies the most popular methods of dimensionality reduction. This is done in order to find out which method is able to minimize computational demand and maximize accuracy in the classification test. This paper proposes that the classic PCA method is the fastest and the most accurate under the configurations used.

scholarly journals On-Chip Temperature Compensation for Thermal Impedance Sensors

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Martin Jaegle ◽  
Hans-Fridtjof Pernau ◽  
Marcus Pfützner ◽  
Mike Benkendorf ◽  
Xinke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Impedance ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Chip Temperature ◽  
Thermal Measurements ◽  
On Chip

Electrical impedance spectroscopy is a widespread characterization method for solids or fluids in industrial applications. We here report on its thermal equivalent, the “thermal impedance spectroscopy”, improved by using a temperature compensation method for temperature dependent thermal measurements using an on-chip reference resistor.

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