scholarly journals New Strategy for Improving the Accuracy of Aircraft Positioning Based on GPS SPP Solution

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Krasuski ◽  
Adam Ciećko ◽  
Mieczysław Bakuła ◽  
Damian Wierzbicki
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Gps Satellites ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Weighted Average Model ◽  
Geocentric Coordinates ◽  
Better Than

The paper describes and presents a new calculation strategy for the determination of the aircraft’s resultant position using the GPS (Global Positioning System) SPP (Single Point Positioning) code method. The paper developed a concept of using the weighted average model with the use of measuring weights to improve the quality of determination of the coordinates and accuracy of GPS SPP positioning. In this research, measurement weights were used as a function of the number of GPS satellites being tracked, and geometric PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision) coefficient. The calculations were made using navigation data recorded by two independent GPS receivers: Thales Mobile Mapper and Topcon HiPerPro. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that the RMS (Root Mean Square) accuracy of positioning for XYZ geocentric coordinates was better than 1.2% to 33.7% for the weighted average method compared to a single GPS SPP solution. The proposed approach is therefore of practical application in air navigation to improve the quality of aircraft positioning.

scholarly journals Determination of Effectiveness Absorption of The Rice Husk And Hazelnut Shell to Purification Used Cooking Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Loth Botahala ◽  
Yanti Malailak ◽  
Herlin Silvia Maure ◽  
Hagar Karlani
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Hazelnut Shell ◽  
Hazelnut Shells ◽  
Better Than

The effectiveness of the absorption of activated rice husk and hazelnut shells on the purification of used cooking oil has been carried out. The aim is to determine the absorption capacity of the active charcoal of rice husk and hazelnut shells to purify used cooking oil. After being physically activated, activated charcoal from rice husk and pecan shells is applied to the purification of used cooking oil. The results show that the quality of hazelnut shell charcoal is better than rice husk after it is applied to purifying used cooking oil.

scholarly journals Herbal Extracts Incorporated into Shortbread Cookies: Impact on Color and Fat Quality of the Cookies

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Mariola Kozlowska ◽  
Anna Zbikowska ◽  
Katarzyna Marciniak-Lukasiak ◽  
Malgorzata Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Fat Quality ◽  
Room Temperature Increase ◽  
Better Than

This study aimed at determining the effect of aqueous ethanolic extracts from lemon balm, hyssop and nettle, and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on properties of shortbread cookies. This was achieved by instrumental measurements of color and sensory properties of the cookies directly after baking and by determination of peroxide (PV) and p-anisidine (p-AnV) values, and specific extinction coefficients (K232 and K268 values) for fat extracted from the cookies stored for 3 months at room temperature. Increase of the herbal extracts’ concentration from 0.02% to 0.2% in the cookies caused a reduction of L* (the brightness) and a* values (the red coordinate), while b* values (the yellow coordinate) increased when the cookies were enriched with lemon balm and nettle extracts. Among the cookies studied, those prepared with BHA and 0.1 and 0.2% addition of lemon balm extracts were characterized by the highest scores for aroma, taste, and overall acceptability. Incorporation of BHA and 0.02% hyssop extract into the cookies caused a decrease of PV values (the peroxide value) for fat extracted from the cookies after 3 months of their storage compared to a (control) sample without additives and produced the lowest K232 values. Changes in the p-AnV values for the fat samples studied occurred gradually and slowly during the storage and the obtained values were lower compared to the control sample. All of the studied fat samples also showed a higher ability to scavenge DPPH radicals than the control sample. Considering both PV and p-AnV values as indicators of fat oxidation, BHA protected fat extracted from cookies against oxidation better than the herbal extracts used.

scholarly journals Determination of the Use ofLactobacillus plantarumandPropionibacterium freudenreichiiApplication on Fermentation Profile and Chemical Composition of Corn Silage

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norafizah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mohd Ridzwan Abd Halim ◽  
Noraniza Mahawi ◽  
Hazira Hasnudin ◽  
Jameel R. Al-Obaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Propionibacterium Freudenreichii ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Better Than

Corn was inoculated withLactobacillus plantarumandPropionibacterium freudenreichiisubsp.shermaniieither independently or as a mixture at ensiling, in order to determine the effect of bacterial additives on corn silage quality. Grain corn was harvested at 32–37% of dry matter and ensiled in a 4 L laboratory silo. Forage was treated as follows: bacterial types: B0 (without bacteria-control), B1(L. plantarum), B2 (P. freudenreichiisubsp.shermanii), and B3 (combination ofL. plantarumandP. freudenreichiisubsp.shermanii). Each 2 kg of chopped forage was treated with 10 mL of bacterial culture and allowed to ferment for 27 days. The first experiment determined the most suitable wavelength for detection of bacteria (490 nm and 419 nm for B1 and B2, resp.) and the preferable inoculation size (1 × 105 cfu/g). The second experiment analysed the effect of B1 and B2 applied singly or as a mixture on the fermentation characteristics and quality of corn silage.L. plantarumalone increased crude protein (CP) and reduced pH rapidly. In a mixture withP. freudenreichii, the final pH was the lowest compared to other treatments. As a mixture, inclusion of bacteria resulted in silage with lower digestibility than control. Corn silage treated withL. plantarumorP. freudenreichiieither alone or mixed together produced desirable silage properties; however, this was not significantly better than untreated silage.

scholarly journals Application the SBAS/EGNOS Corrections in UAV Positioning

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Kamil Krasuski ◽  
Damian Wierzbicki
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Gps Receiver ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Weighted Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Better Than

The paper presents a new concept of determining the resultant position of a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) based on individual SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation System) determinations from all available EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) satellites for the SPP (Single Point Positioning) code method. To achieve this, the authors propose a weighted mean model to integrate EGNOS data. The weighted model was based on the inverse of the square of the mean position error along the component axes of the BLh ellipsoidal frame. The calculations included navigation data from the EGNOS S123, S126, S136 satellites. In turn, the resultant UAV position model was determined using the Scilab v.6.0.0 software. Based on the proposed computational strategy, the mean values of the UAV BLh coordinates’ standard deviation were better than 0.2 m (e.g., 0.0000018° = 0.01″ in angular measurement). Additionally, the numerical solution used made it possible to increase the UAV’s position accuracy by about 29% for Latitude, 46% for Longitude and 72% for ellipsoidal height compared to the standard SPP positioning in the GPS receiver. It is also worth noting that the standard deviation of the UAV position calculated from the weighted mean model improved by about 21 ÷ 50% compared to the arithmetic mean model’s solution. It can be concluded that the proposed research method allows for a significant improvement in the accuracy of UAV positioning with the use of EGNOS augmentation systems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of differences in health-related quality of life in patients receiving conventional versus newer anti-epileptic drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Kavisha S. Goswami ◽  
Devang A. Rana ◽  
Shalin Shah ◽  
Supriya D. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Background: Epilepsy is associated with stigma and bad health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) due to this, and side effects of the drug therapy. Newer anti-epileptics are claimed to be better than the conventional. We evaluated this based on comparison of HR-QOL in patients taking the respective therapy.Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, single point study involved 127 consenting patients from Neurology OPD at V.S. General Hospital. Quality of life in epilepsy-10 (QOLIE-10) questionnaire was used to measure HR-QOL in patients. SPSS software and Graphpad prism were used to analyze the variables.Results: Patients of 20-30 age group were commonly affected (37.80%) with a male predominance (56.69%). 41.73% were unemployed. The difference in HR-QOL between patients and controls in all three domains (epilepsy effects, mental effects, role function domains) of QOLIE-10 was significant (p=0.0002), indicating better HR-QOL in controls. The worst HR-QOL scores were found in Epilepsy effects domain. Metabolic adverse effects (38.58%) were the common ADRs. Sodium valproate was the most effective in controlling seizures (last seizure episode: 15 months). HR-QOL correlation between patients receiving monotherapy and polytherapy was significant (p=0.026) with monotherapy rendering a better HR-QOL. Comparison of HR-QOL between patients taking the conventional and the newer drugs was not significant (p=0.1768).Conclusions: Our study nullifies the claims that newer drugs are better than the conventional since no such benefit was seen in HR-QOL as well as ADRs. Our findings ruled out the belief that cases of epilepsy are better controlled with polytherapy.

Vector Quantization for Speech Compression by a New Version of PRSOM

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidae Harchli ◽  
Zakariae En-Naimani ◽  
Abdelatif Es-Safi ◽  
Mohamed Ettaouil
Keyword(s):  
Vector Quantization ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Speech Compression ◽  
Stochastic Version ◽  
Probabilistic Network ◽  
Deviation Matrix ◽  
New Strategy

The self-organizing map (SOM) is a popular neural network which was designed for solving problems that involve tasks such as clustering and visualization. Especially, it provides a new strategy of clustering using a competition and co-operation principal. The probabilistic Kohonen network (PRSOM) is the stochastic version of classical one. However, determination of the optimal number of neurons, their initial weights vector and their deviation matrix is still a big problem in the literature. These parameters have a great impact on the learning process of the network, the convergence and the quality of results. Also determination of clusters’ number is a very difficult task. In this paper we propose a new method, called H-PRSOM, which looks for the optimal architecture of the map and determines the suitable codebook for speech compression. According to his hierarchical process, H-PRSOM identifies automatically, in each iteration, new initial parameters of the map. The generated parameters will be used in the learning phase of the probabilistic network. Due to its important propriety of initialization and optimization, we expect that the use of this new version of PRSOM algorithm in the vector quantization might provide good results. In order to evaluate its performance, H-PRSOM model is applied to the problem of speech compression of Arabic digits. The conducted experiments show that the proposed method is able to realize the expected goals.

scholarly journals Two Level Clustering for Quality Improvement using Fuzzy Subtractive Clustering and Self-Organizing Map

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Erick Alfons Lisangan ◽  
Aina Musdholifah ◽  
Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Cluster Center ◽  
Subtractive Clustering ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Silhouette Index ◽  
Better Than

Recently, clustering algorithms combined conventional methods and artificial intelligence. FSC-SOM is designed to handle the problem of SOM, such as defining the number of clusters and initial value of neuron weights. FSC find the number of clusters and the cluster centers which become the parameter of SOM. FSC-SOM is expected to improve the quality of FSC since the determination of the cluster centers are processed twice i.e. searching for data with high density at FSC then updating the cluster centers at SOM. FSC-SOM was tested using 10 datasets that is measured with F-Measure, entropy, Silhouette Index, and Dunn Index. The result showed that FSC-SOM can improve the cluster center of FSC with SOM in order to obtain the better quality of clustering results. The clustering result of FSC-SOM is better than or equal to the clustering result of FSC that proven by the value of external and internal validity measurement.

Quantitative Determination of Natural Rubber Hydrocarbon by Refractive Index Measurements

1952 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-688
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Fanning ◽  
Norman Bekkedahl
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Good Grade ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Rubbers from different sources vary considerably in rubber hydrocarbon content, from 70 per cent or less for some of the wild varieties to about 95 per cent for a good grade of plantation rubber. The quality of a rubber is measured to a great extent by the percentage of rubber hydrocarbon. A new procedure for the quantitative determination of this hydrocarbon has been developed, which involves the measurement of refractive index of a solution of a known weight of acetone-extracted rubber in a known weight of 1-bromonaphthalene. From the observed data and from other previously determined or known physical constants, such as the densities and refractive indexes of the rubber hydrocarbon and the solvent, the percentage of hydrocarbon in the original sample can be calculated. This new method gives results as good as, or better than, other existing methods, and is simpler and less time-consuming to perform.

scholarly journals New Methodology of Designation the Precise Aircraft Position Based on the RTK GPS Solution

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Kamil Krasuski ◽  
Adam Ciećko ◽  
Mieczysław Bakuła ◽  
Grzegorz Grunwald ◽  
Damian Wierzbicki
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Aircraft Measurement ◽  
Vector Length ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rtk Gps ◽  
Mean Vector ◽  
Geocentric Coordinates ◽  
Better Than

The paper presents the results of research on improving the accuracy of aircraft positioning using RTK-OTF (Real Time Kinematic–On The Fly) technique in air navigation. The paper shows a new solution of aircraft positioning for the application of the differential RTK-OTF technique in air navigation. In particular, a new mathematical model is presented which makes it possible to determine the resultant position of an aircraft based on the solution for the method of least squares in a stochastic process. The developed method combines in the process of alignment of GPS (Global Positioning System) observations, three independent solutions of the aircraft position in OTF mode for geocentric coordinates XYZ of the aircraft. Measurement weights as a function of the vector length and the mean vector length error, respectively, were used in the calculations. The applied calculation method makes it possible to determine the resultant position of the aircraft with high accuracy: better than 0.039 m with using the measurement weight as a function of the vector length and better than 0.009 m with the measurement weight as a function of the mean error of the vector length, respectively. In relation to the classical RTK-OTF solution as a model of the arithmetic mean, the proposed method makes it possible to increase the accuracy of determination of the aircraft position by 45–46% using the measurement weight as a function of the vector length, and 86–88% using the measurement weight as a function of the mean error of the vector length, respectively. The obtained test results show that the developed method improves to significantly improve the accuracy of the RTK-OTF solution as a method for determining the reference position in air navigation.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN DAERAH (SIMDA KEUANGAN) DALAM PENGOLAHAN DATA KEUANGAN PADA ORGANISASI PEMERINTAH DAERAH (Studi Kasus Pada Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Tolitoli)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edi Yanto ◽  
Mr Afkir
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Better Than

AbstractJenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan� tujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan SIMDA Keuangan sebagai sistem informasi akuntansi daerah dapat mempermudah tugas pelaporan dan pengelolaan keuangan daerah, pengendalian intern sistem yang diterapkan guna mencapai tujuan pelaporan, dan cakupan analisa kualitas informasi yang dihasilkan oleh sistem tersebut pada Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Tolitoli. Dengan skala pengukuran menggunakan data ordinal, nilai rata-rata tertimbang menunjukkan bahwa kualitas informasi saat sesudah/setelah menerapkan SIMDA Keuangan di Dinas Lingkungan Hidup lebih baik dari sebelumnya. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai rata-rata tertimbang sesudah menggunakan SIMDA Keuangan� sebesar 3,45 satuan, sedangkan sebelum menggunakan SIMDA Keuangan sebesar 2,00 satuan.�Keywords: SIMDA Keuangan & Pengolahan Data Keuangan.�AbstractThis type of research is a qualitative descriptive study with the aim to determine the application of SIMDA Finance as a regional accounting information system that can facilitate the task of reporting and management of regional finances, internal control systems that are applied to achieve reporting objectives, and the scope of analysis of the quality of information produced by the system at the Office Tolitoli Regency Environment With a measurement scale using ordinal data, the weighted average value indicates that the quality of information after / after applying SIMDA Finance in the Department of the Environment is better than before. This is indicated by the weighted average value after using SIMDA Financial by 3.45 units, whereas before using SIMDA Finance by 2.00 units.�Keywords: SIMDA Finance & Financial Data Processing.

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