scholarly journals Uncertainty Analysis of Fluorescence-Based Oil-In-Water Monitors for Oil and Gas Produced Water

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Severin Hansen ◽  
Stefan Jespersen ◽  
Mads Valentin Bram ◽  
Zhenyu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

Offshore oil and gas facilities are currently measuring the oil-in-water (OiW) concentration in the produced water manually before discharging it into the ocean, which in most cases fulfills the government regulations. However, as stricter regulations and environmental concerns are increasing over time, the importance of measuring OiW in real-time intensifies. The significant amount of uncertainties associated with manual samplings, that is currently not taken into consideration, could potentially affect the acceptance of OiW monitors and lower the reputation of all online OiW measurement techniques. This work presents the performance of four fluorescence-based monitors on an in-house testing facility. Previous studies of a fluorescence-based monitor have raised concerns about the measurement of OiW concentration being flow-dependent. The proposed results show that the measurements from the fluorescence-based monitors are not or insignificantly flow-dependent. However, other parameters, such as gas bubbles and droplet sizes, do affect the measurement. Testing the monitors’ calibration method revealed that the weighted least square is preferred to achieve high reproducibility. Due to the high sensitivity to different compositions of atomic structures, other than aromatic hydrocarbons, the fluorescence-based monitor might not be feasible for measuring OiW concentrations in dynamic separation facilities with consistent changes. Nevertheless, they are still of interest for measuring the separation efficiency of a deoiling hydrocyclone to enhance its deoiling performance, as the separation efficiency is not dependent on OiW trueness but rather the OiW concentration before and after the hydrocyclone.

scholarly journals A novel silica-supported polyether polysiloxane quaternary ammonium demulsifier for highly efficient fine-sized oil droplet removal of oil-in-water emulsions

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 18918-18926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjin Zhai ◽  
Mian Wu ◽  
Cunying Wang ◽  
Xiaobing Li
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Oil Droplet ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Oil In Water

The existence of fine-sized oil drops that are difficult to coalesce greatly decreases the separation efficiency of produced water from alkali, surfactant, and polymer flooding technology (ASP) containing oil-in-water emulsions.

scholarly journals Impact of Privatisation On Financial Performance and Efficiency of State Owned Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-173
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

This study designed for inspecting the potential effect of privatization on the financial performance and efficiency of the Cement Sector (Kohat Cement Company and Dandot Cement Company), Oil and Gas Sector (PPL and NRL) and Service Sector (PTCL and KESC). This research is an effort to contribute in the discussion on how privatization of state-owned enterprises may impact on the financial performance and efficiency of these enterprises. The data were obtained from the State Bank library of Pakistan, Official websites of selected companies, Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan and Karachi Stock Exchange of five years pre and five years' post-privatization. Moreover, Paired t-test applied for determining and comparing the significant differences among companies' financial performances and their efficiency levels, under before and after privatization periods. The findings revealed that privatization has an insignificant impact on Cement Sector, as well as, on Service Sector. However, there is a significant impact of privatization on Oil and Gas Sector documented in this research. Furthermore, instead of privatizing companies, the government of Pakistan should accept the skills of individual persons and understand that they can resolve issues more brilliantly as compared to the third party.

scholarly journals Online Quality Measurements of Total Suspended Solids for Offshore Reinjection: A Review Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Dennis Severin Hansen ◽  
Mads Valentin Bram ◽  
Steven Munk Østergaard Lauridsen ◽  
Zhenyu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Injection Water ◽  
Quality Measurements

The importance and awareness of accurate online water quality measurements increase every year in the oil and gas sector, whether it is for reducing oil discharge, preparing produced water for reinjection, or improving operational performance. For online measurement techniques to yield valuable analytical information, an understanding of their outputs must be established. Produced water reinjection has gained increasing attention in the last decade, as it can minimize negative environmental impacts by reducing oil discharge and has the potential to extend the economic life of reservoirs. To increase the amount of produced water that can be reinjected, the water must be maintained at a sufficient quality to prevent unintended formation damage. This review paper thoroughly describes different water quality issues related to suspended solids that can occur in an injection water treatment system and how the issues are often interlinked. A case study of measuring the total suspended solids concentration of seawater sampled from the Danish sector of the North Sea has been carried out to effectively quantify water quality in an injection water treatment facility. Furthermore, numerous on- and in-line techniques have been evaluated as candidates for measuring suspended solids. The last part of the paper discusses considerations regarding future microscopy analyzers based on five promising online microscopy technologies.

Reviewing Cyclonic Low-Shear Choke and Control Valve Field Experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Trygve Husveg ◽  
Rune Husveg ◽  
Niels van Teeffelen ◽  
Robert Verwey ◽  
Peter Guinee
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Control Valves ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
And Control ◽  
Low Shear

Summary In hydrocarbon production and processing, choke and control valves mix and emulsify petroleum phases. The consequence is often that the efficiency of separation processes is affected and finally that the quality of oil and water phases is degraded. Over the last few years, low-shear valves targeting petroleum processes have emerged on the market. This paper presents four separate live-fluid experiences from low-shear valve installations, each surveyed and documented by an independent third party. Three of the installations refer to choke valves, whereas the fourth installation refers to a control valve. For each installation, standard choke and control valves were used as reference valves. In terms of downstream separation efficiency, the low-shear choke valves reduced oil-in-water concentrations respectively by 70, 45, and 60%, by total average. In the control valve application, the low-shear valve, which was located between the hydrocyclones and a compact flotation unit, reduced the oil-in-water concentration by 23%. In sum, the field installations have demonstrated that low-shear valves significantly and consistently reduce oil-in-water concentrations and thus improve the produced water quality. The results signify that low-shear valves may be used in debottlenecking separation and produced water treatment processes, reducing the environmental influence from produced water discharges. Because the low-shear technology enables processing of petroleum phases with less effort, energy, and chemicals, it also reduces emissions to air.

scholarly journals Recyclable amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for efficient demulsification of crude oil-in-water emulsions

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1553-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Maura C. Puerto ◽  
Sumedh Warudkar ◽  
Jack Buehler ◽  
Sibani L. Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Amine Functionalized ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

Produced water from the oil and gas industry often contains stable crude oil-in-water emulsions that are typically difficult to treat with conventional separation methods.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF COMPARISON OF REGIONAL BUDGET MANAGEMENT IN PIDIE REGENCY BEFORE AND AFTER THE FORMATION OF THE NEW ADMINISTRATIVE REGION.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Nurmaya Sari ◽  
Abd. Jamal ◽  
Chenny Seftarita
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Budget Management ◽  
Management Board ◽  
Administrative Region ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of budget management before and after the formation of the new administrative region in Pidie Regency. The data used for this study were the total value of Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) toward constant price, total population and investment obtained from the Financial and Asset Management Board (BPKAD) and Central Statistics Agency of Pidie for the period 2002-2016. The analysis method used in this study was multiple linear regression with the ordinary least square (OLS) method and a dummy variable to distinguish the effect before and after the formation of new administrative regions. The results showed that the investment the BRDP affected locally-generated revenue (PAD), while the number of the population has an adverse effect on PAD. There was the negative difference on PAD before and after the formation of the new administrative region. On the contrary, the variables of BRDP, number of population, and the investment have a significant influence on PAD in Pidie Regency. The government must be more careful in budgeting how much it costs to realize all the income it receives so that it can be seen whether the revenue collection activities are efficient or not. This needs to be done because even though the regional government has succeeded in realizing revenue receipts according to the targets set, the success is less significant if it turns out that the costs incurred to realize the revenue target are greater than the realization of the income it receives.

What Does Rent Give to Federal Budget (on the Russia's Budget Dependence upon "Oil Dollars")

2004 ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sharipova ◽  
I. Tcherkashin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government

Federal tax revenues from the main sectors of the Russian economy after the 1998 crisis are examined in the article. Authors present the structure of revenues from these sectors by main taxes for 1999-2003 and prospects for 2004. Emphasis is given to an increasing dependence of budget on revenues from oil and gas industries. The share of proceeds from these sectors has reached 1/3 of total federal revenues. To explain this fact world oil prices dynamics and changes in tax legislation in Russia are considered. Empirical results show strong dependence of budget revenues on oil prices. The analysis of changes in tax legislation in oil and gas industry shows that the government has managed to redistribute resource rent in favor of the state.

Potential of recovering elements from produced water at oil and gas fields, British Columbia, Canada

CIM Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-214
Author(s):  
G. J. Simandl ◽  
C. Akam ◽  
M. Yakimoski ◽  
D. Richardson ◽  
A. Teucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Gas Fields

Financial and Economic Support of Innovation Processes in the Russian Fuel and Energy Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
L. D. Kapranova ◽  
T. V. Pogodina
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the current state of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) that ensures generation of a significant part of the budget and the innovative development of the economy.The purpose of the research was to establish priority directions for the development of the FEC sectors based on a comprehensive analysis of their innovative and investment activities. The dynamics of investment in the fuel and energy sector are considered. It is noted that large-scale modernization of the fuel and energy complex requires substantial investment and support from the government. The results of the government programs of corporate innovative development are analyzed. The results of the research identified innovative development priorities in the power, oil, gas and coal sectors of the fuel and energy complex. The most promising areas of innovative development in the oil and gas sector are the technologies of enhanced oil recovery; the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves; the production of liquefied natural gas and its transportation. In the power sector, the prospective areas are activities aimed at improving the performance reliability of the national energy systems and the introduction of digital technologies. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that the innovation activities in the fuel and energy complex primarily include the development of new technologies, modernization of the FEC technical base; adoption of state-of-the-art methods of coal mining and oil recovery; creating favorable economic conditions for industrial extraction of hard-to-recover reserves; transition to carbon-free fuel sources and energy carriers that can reduce energy consumption and cost as well as reducing the negative FEC impact on the environment.

American and Canadian Civil Actions Alleging Human Rights Violations Abroad by Oil and Gas Companies

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Horlick ◽  
Joe Cyr ◽  
Scott Reynolds ◽  
Andrew Behrman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
Forum Non Conveniens ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Political Question ◽  
The U.S

Under the United States Alien Tort Statute, which permits non-U.S. citizens to bring lawsuits in U.S. courts for human rights violations that are violations of the law of nations, plaintiffs have filed claims against multinational oil and gas corporations for the direct or complicit commission of such violations carried out by the government of the country in which the corporation operated. In addition to exercising jurisdiction over U.S. corporations, U.S. courts have exercised jurisdiction in cases involving non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside the U.S.The exercise of jurisdiction by U.S. courts over non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside of the U.S. raises serious questions as to the jurisdictional foundation on which the power of U.S. courts to adjudicate them rests. Defences that foreign defendants can raise against the exercise of jurisdiction by the U.S. courts are an objection to the extraterritorial assertion of jurisdiction, the act of state doctrine, the political question doctrine, forum non conveniens, and the principle of comity. These defences are bolstered by the support of the defendant’s home government and other governments.

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