scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Sensing of Venlafaxine: An Antidepressant Drug and Environmental Contaminant

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3675
Author(s):  
Somayeh Tajik ◽  
Hadi Beitollahi ◽  
Zahra Dourandish ◽  
Kaiqiang Zhang ◽  
Quyet Van Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Determination ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Venlafaxine (VEN), as one of the popular anti-depressants, is widely utilized for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, as well as anxiety. This drug influences the chemicals in the brain, which may result in imbalance in depressed individuals. However, venlafaxine and its metabolites are contaminants in water. They have exerted an adverse influence on living organisms through their migration and transformation in various forms of adsorption, photolysis, hydrolysis, and biodegradation followed by the formation of various active compounds in the environment. Hence, it is crucial to determine VEN with low concentrations in high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Some analytical techniques have been practically designed to quantify VEN. However, electroanalytical procedures have been of interest due to the superior advantages in comparison to conventional techniques, because such methods feature rapidity, simplicity, sensitivity, and affordability. Therefore, this mini-review aims to present the electrochemical determination of VEN with diverse electrodes, such as carbon paste electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes, mercury-based electrodes, screen-printed electrodes, pencil graphite electrodes, and ion-selective electrodes.

Electrochemical Analysis of Solids. A Review

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Grygar ◽  
Frank Marken ◽  
Uwe Schröder ◽  
Fritz Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Voltammetric Analysis ◽  
Organic Solids ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Constituent Elements

The topic of the review is the electrochemical analysis of solids aimed to identify or determine their phase or elemental composition, analyse the composition of solid mixtures, characterise their electrochemistry-related properties and analyse the redox state of the constituent elements. The ways of the electrode preparation are discussed with a special attention paid to compact and composite electrodes including carbon-paste electrodes, and direct immobilisation of powders on a working electrode. Examples are given of simultaneous electrochemical measurements combined with X-ray diffraction, optical or atomic force microscopy, and mass measurement by quartz microbalance. The state-of-art of voltammetric analysis of inorganic and organic solids achieved in the last two decades is systematically reviewed with the aim to find cases, when electrochemistry can compete successfully with other analytical techniques as for sensitivity, specificity, and sample consumption. Electrochemical methods are shown to be a perspective tool for redox analysis of catalysts, combined elemental and phase analysis of inorganic pigments and minerals, characterisation of solid solutions, metalloorganic and organic solids. A review with 196 references.

scholarly journals Nanozyme Applications: A Glimpse of Insight in Food Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Wu ◽  
Shuhong Zhou ◽  
Gonglei Wang ◽  
Yonghuan Yun ◽  
Guozhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Electrochemical Assay ◽  
Enzyme Mimicking ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Nanozymes own striking merits, including high enzyme-mimicking activity, good stability, and low cost. Due to the powerful and distinguished functions, nanozymes exhibit widespread applications in the field of biosensing and immunoassay, attracting researchers in various fields to design and engineer nanozymes. Recently, nanozymes have been innovatively used to bridge nanotechnology with analytical techniques to achieve the high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. However, the applications of nanozymes in food applications are seldom reviewed. In this review, we summarize several typical nanozymes and provide a comprehensive description of the history, principles, designs, and applications of nanozyme-based analytical techniques in food contaminants detection. Based on engineering and modification of nanozymes, the food contaminants are classified and then discussed in detail via discriminating the roles of nanozymes in various analytical methods, including fluorescence, colorimetric and electrochemical assay, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, magnetic relaxing sensing, and electrochemiluminescence. Further, representative examples of nanozymes-based methods are highlighted for contaminants analysis and inhibition. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of nanozymes are discussed.

scholarly journals Efficient Electrochemical Sensor Based on Gold Nanoclusters/Carbon Ionic Liquid Crystal for Sensitive Determination of Neurotransmitters and Anti-Parkinson Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Farouk Atta ◽  
Ahmed Galal ◽  
Ekram Hamdy El-Ads ◽  
Aya Essam Galal
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Gold Nanoclusters ◽  
Electrochemical Determination ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Electro Catalytic Oxidation

Purpose: Herein we introduce a simple and sensitive sensor for the electrochemical determination of neurotransmitters compounds and anti-Parkinson drugs. Methods: The electrochemical sensor (Au/CILCE) based on gold nanoclusters modified carbon ionic liquid crystal (ILC) electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and voltammetry measurements. Results: The effect of ionic liquid type in the carbon paste composite for the electro-catalytic oxidation of L-dopa was evaluated. Highest current response was obtained in case of ILC compared to other studied kinds of ionic liquids. The effective combination of gold nanoclusters and ILC resulted in extra advantages including large surface area and high ionic conductivity of the nanocomposite. L-dopa is considered one of the most important prescribed medicines for treating Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, a binary therapy using L-dopa and carbidopa proved effective and promising as it avoids the short comings of L-dopa mono-therapy for Parkinson’s patients. The Au/CILCE can detect L-dopa in human serum in the linear concentration range of 0.1 μM to 90 μM with detection and quantification limits of 4.5 nM and 15.0 nM, respectively. Also, the Au/CILCE sensor can simultaneously and sensitively detect L-dopa in the presence of carbidopa with low detection limits. Conclusion: The sensor is advantageous to be applicable for electrochemical sensing of other biologically electroactive species.

scholarly journals Detection of Bio-Relevant Metal Ions by Luminescent Ru(II)-Polypyridyl Based Sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Sushil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Enzymatic Catalysis ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Living Organisms

Biorelevant metal ions such as Cu2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ participate in various biological events which include electron transfer reactions, delivery and uptake of oxygen, DNA and RNA syntheses, and enzymatic catalysis to maintain fundamental physiological processes in living organisms. So far, several analytical techniques have been investigated for their precise detection; however, luminescence-based sensing is often superior due to its high sensitivity, selectivity, fast and easy operation and convenient cellular imaging. Owing to their immense photophysical and photochemical properties stemming from large Stokes shift, absorption in visible region, good photostability and long excited state lifetimes, Ru(II)-polypyridyl-based complexes have gained increasing interest as luminophores. Over past few decades, several Ru(II)-polypyridyl based chemosensors have rapidly been developed for detection of different biorelevant and other metal ions. The main object of this book chapter is to cover a majority of Ru(II)-polypyridyl based chemosensors showing a selective and sensitive detection of bio-relevant Cu2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ ions. The photophysical properties of Ru(II) complexes, detection of metal ions, sensing mechanism and applications of these sensors are discussed at a length.

scholarly journals Bio- and Biomimetic Receptors for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metal Ions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6800
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Stortini ◽  
Maria Antonietta Baldo ◽  
Giulia Moro ◽  
Federico Polo ◽  
Ligia Maria Moretto
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Analytical Tools

Heavy metals ions (HMI), if not properly handled, used and disposed, are a hazard for the ecosystem and pose serious risks for human health. They are counted among the most common environmental pollutants, mainly originating from anthropogenic sources, such as agricultural, industrial and/or domestic effluents, atmospheric emissions, etc. To face this issue, it is necessary not only to determine the origin, distribution and the concentration of HMI but also to rapidly (possibly in real-time) monitor their concentration levels in situ. Therefore, portable, low-cost and high performing analytical tools are urgently needed. Even though in the last decades many analytical tools and methodologies have been designed to this aim, there are still several open challenges. Compared with the traditional analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and/or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical or UV–VIS detectors, bio- and biomimetic electrochemical sensors provide high sensitivity, selectivity and rapid responses within portable and user-friendly devices. In this review, the advances in HMI sensing in the last five years (2016–2020) are addressed. Key examples of bio and biomimetic electrochemical, impedimetric and electrochemiluminescence-based sensors for Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Zn2+ and Tl+ are described and discussed.

Fabrication of a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on chitosan-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle for determination of antibiotic ciprofloxacin and its application in biological samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Dehdashtian ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Gholivand ◽  
Mojtaba Shamsipur ◽  
Azadeh Azadbakht ◽  
Ziba Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Electrochemical Determination ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Sensitive Sensor ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Fe3o4 Magnetic Nanoparticle

A simple and sensitive sensor has been developed for the electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin (CF). The proposed sensor was designed by chitosan-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle incorporated in the carbon paste electrode (CPE), which provides remarkably improved sensitivity for the electrochemical determination of CF. The proposed sensor was characterized with scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimum conditions, the sensor provides two linear differential pulse voltammetry responses in the range of 0.05–6 μmol/L and 6–75 μmol/L for CF with a detection limit of 0.01 μmol/L. The proposed sensor exhibited high sensitivity and good selectivity and was successfully applied for CF determination in serum and urine samples.

A highly defective mesoporous carbon – ionic liquid paste electrode toward the sensitive electrochemical determination of rutin

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourali Mohammadi ◽  
Narmin Bahrami Adeh ◽  
Mostafa Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrode ◽  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Determination ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquid ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Paste Electrode

In this paper, a highly defective mesoporous carbon (DMC) and room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM·PF6) were applied to fabricate a novel carbon paste electrode for the electrochemical sensing of rutin.

TO SEPARATELY ASSESS THE DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF TVS & MRI IN THE TERMS OF SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY BY CORRELATING THE IMAGING FINDINGS WITH HISTOPATHOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Adc Mapping ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

This prospective study was done in the Department of Radio diagnosis Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode. A total of 65 patients who were referred to our department with clinical suspicion of endometrial lesions and incidentally detected endometrial lesions on ultrasonography underwent transvaginal ultrasound and subsequent Imaging evaluation of pelvis MRI has very high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (98%) and is almost as accurate (97%) as histopathology in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Addition of DWI with ADC mapping to conventional MRI increases its accuracy even more. However there is inherent limitation to MRI in detecting carcinoma in situ and micrometastasis. Keywords: TVS, MRI, Sensitivity, Specificity, Histopathology.

scholarly journals Electroanalytical Techniques for the Detection of Selenium as a Biologically and Environmentally Significant Analyte—A Short Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
Miroslav Rievaj ◽  
Eva Culková ◽  
Damiána Šandorová ◽  
Zuzana Lukáčová-Chomisteková ◽  
Renata Bellová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Electroanalytical Methods ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Speed Of Analysis

This short review deals with the properties and significance of the determination of selenium, which is in trace amounts an essential element for animals and humans, but toxic at high concentrations. It may cause oxidative stress in cells, which leads to the chronic disease called selenosis. Several analytical techniques have been developed for its detection, but electroanalytical methods are advantageous due to simple sample preparation, speed of analysis and high sensitivity of measurements, especially in the case of stripping voltammetry very low detection limits even in picomoles per liter can be reached. A variety of working electrodes based on mercury, carbon, silver, platinum and gold materials were applied to the analysis of selenium in various samples. Only selenium in oxidation state + IV is electroactive therefore the most of voltammetric determinations are devoted to it. However, it is possible to detect also other forms of selenium by indirect electrochemistry approach.

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