scholarly journals Developing of Low-Cost Air Pollution Sensor—Measurements with the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Poland

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3582
Author(s):  
Sławomir Pochwała ◽  
Arkadiusz Gardecki ◽  
Piotr Lewandowski ◽  
Viola Somogyi ◽  
Stanisław Anweiler
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Microprocessor System ◽  
Data Output ◽  
Small Device ◽  
Quick Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

This article presents the capabilities and selected measurement results from the newly developed low-cost air pollution measurement system mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The system is designed and manufactured by the authors and is intended to facilitate, accelerate, and ensure the safety of operators when measuring air pollutants. It allows the creation of three-dimensional models and measurement visualizations, thanks to which it is possible to observe the location of leakage of substances and the direction of air pollution spread by various types of substances. Based on these models, it is possible to create area audits and strategies for the elimination of pollution sources. Thanks to the usage of a multi-socket microprocessor system, the combination of nine different air quality sensors can be installed in a very small device. The possibility of simultaneously measuring several different substances has been achieved at a very low cost for building the sensor unit: 70 EUR. The very small size of this device makes it easy and safe to mount it on a small drone (UAV). Because of this device, many harmful chemical compounds such as ammonia, hexane, benzene, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, as well as flammable substances such as hydrogen and methane, can be detected. Additionally, a very important function is the ability to perform measurements of PM2.5 and PM10 suspended particulates. Thanks to the use of UAV, the measurement is carried out remotely by the operator, which allows us to avoid the direct exposure of humans to harmful factors. A big advantage is the quick measurement of large spaces, at different heights above the ground, in different weather conditions. Because of the three-dimensional positioning from GPS receiver, users can plot points and use colors reflecting a concentration of measured features to better visualize the air pollution. A human-friendly data output can be used to determine the mostly hazardous regions of the sampled area.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Digital Models of Objects of Cultural Heritage Obtained by the “3D SLS” and “SfM” Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5321
Author(s):  
Marcin Barszcz ◽  
Jerzy Montusiewicz ◽  
Magdalena Paśnikowska-Łukaszuk ◽  
Anna Sałamacha
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
3D Digitisation

In the era of the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, 3D digitisation of selected museum artefacts is becoming more and more frequent practice, but the vast majority is performed by specialised teams. The paper presents the results of comparative studies of 3D digital models of the same museum artefacts from the Silk Road area generated by two completely different technologies: Structure from Motion (SfM)—a method belonging to the so-called low-cost technologies—and by Structured-light 3D Scanning (3D SLS). Moreover, procedural differences in data acquisition and their processing to generate three-dimensional models are presented. Models built using a point cloud were created from data collected in the Afrasiyab museum in Samarkand (Uzbekistan) during “The 1st Scientific Expedition of the Lublin University of Technology to Central Asia” in 2017. Photos for creating 3D models in SfM technology were taken during a virtual expedition carried out under the “3D Digital Silk Road” program in 2021. The obtained results show that the quality of the 3D models generated with SfM differs from the models from the technology (3D SLS), but they may be placed in the galleries of the vitrual museum. The obtained models from SfM do not have information about their size, which means that they are not fully suitable for archiving purposes of cultural heritage, unlike the models from SLS.

Low Cost Mixed Reality System Using Projectors for Evaluation of Product Design (Shape and Function Structure)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Chinone ◽  
Hideki Aoyama ◽  
Tetsuo Oya
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cam Systems

Three-dimensional models (CAD models) are constructed in the design processes of products because they are effective for design evaluation processes using CAE systems and manufacturing processes using CAM systems. However, mock-ups or prototypes are still required in the evaluation processes of designability and operability of products because the evaluation of the operations of real products is essential. It is however time-consuming and costly to make prototypes or to develop trial products for evaluation. For this problem, considerable studies have been conducted on the use of mixed reality technology by overlaying an image of the design model onto a physical model using a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) to evaluate the designability and operability of a product. Such technology reduces the need for making physical mock-ups (prototypes and trial products), but HMDs have drawbacks such as causing motion sickness and physical weight, bulkiness of the display, and high costs. In this paper, a method using projectors is proposed to establish mixed reality technology which does not have the drawbacks of HMDs. A mixed reality system was constructed according to the proposed method, and applied for evaluating designability and operability of products without physical mock-ups. In the mixed reality space built by the system, the functions of a product can be held in the hand as if they were real products.

scholarly journals PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSES AND AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS USING MOBILE DEVICES

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
M. Campi ◽  
A. di Luggo ◽  
M. Falcone
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Rapid Mapping ◽  
Ideal Solutions ◽  
First Results ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Abstract. This contribution shows the first results of a research in fieri, which aims to introduce low-cost instruments for the continuous monitoring of architectures. The use of these devices in the architectural field is of great interest to the scientific community and therefore, with the aim of researching rapid mapping methodologies, the integrated camera on the new iPhone 12PRO is analyzed and then compared with the NikonD5000 reflex camera, whose use is more consolidated. In the era of digitalization and industry 4.0, smartphones have made significant progress and these devices are establishing as ideal solutions, thanks to their technical characteristics, costs and portability, compared to other acquisition techniques. The study is aimed at experimenting with image-based methodologies with the use of low-cost sensors where the three-dimensional models will constitute the basic element on which, through augmented reality applications, it will be possible to implement strategies aimed at documentation, conservation and monitoring. The experiment, reported therein, was conducted on the facade of the Quadriportico of the Cathedral of San Matteo in Salerno, Italy.

scholarly journals Integrated BIM and VR to implement IPD mode in transportation infrastructure projects: System design and case application

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259046
Author(s):  
Ziqi Hao ◽  
Wensheng Zhang ◽  
Yunche Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Head Mounted Display

The complex design of transportation infrastructure hinders communication between different roles in the project, which makes it difficult to promote the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) mode. This paper discusses a design simulation and communication system based on Building Information Modeling and Virtual Reality for transportation infrastructure (DSC-BV-TI system), integrated with BIM, with VR developed by using a game engine. Based on an analysis of the user’s demand, the system introduces a three-dimensional BIM model of traffic infrastructure in an immersive VR environment and realizes the simulation design, weather simulation, virtual driving, sight distance calculation, visual simulation and other functions of traffic infrastructure project by using the system’s safety assessment and scheme decision. The system is applied to the design of the Jinjiazhuang Extra-Long Tunnel project of the Yan-Chong Expressway in Hebei Province, which was built for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The results show that, using the DSC-BV-TI system, the designer has completed a display of the overall scheme: the user can use the steering wheel to drive a vehicle; use the head-mounted display to play the picture; realize the simulation and interaction in a variety of simulated weather conditions and environments; and use IPD mode to communicate and make decisions on the design scheme of the traffic infrastructure, tunnel speed limit and other aspects that play a key role. The DSC-BV-TI system has 8 advantages and 4 disadvantages identified through a questionnaire survey, the advantages including high fidelity, high efficiency and low cost. At the same time, according to the research results, three suggestions to help improve the system are discussed. DSC-BV-TI system as a communication bridge between the design team and other stakeholders reduces the communication gap and promotes the implementation of the IPD mode in transportation infrastructure projects.

scholarly journals 3D LOW-COST ACQUISITION FOR THE KNOWLEDGE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE CASE STUDY OF THE BUST OF SAN NICOLA DA TOLENTINO

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
A. Cardaci ◽  
A. Versaci ◽  
P. Azzola
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
Reconstruction Software ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Abstract. The creation of three-dimensional models for the cataloguing and documentation of cultural heritage is today an emerging need in the cultural sphere and, above all, for museums. The cultural heritage is still catalogued and documented based on descriptive files assorted of photographic images which, however, fail to outline its spatial richness, possible only through the use of 3D artefacts. The essay aims to propose a methodology of digitalization by low-cost and easy-to-use systems, to be employed even by non-expert survey and photogrammetry’s operators. The case study of the statue of San Nicola da Tolentino, preserved at the Sant’Agostino complex in Bergamo, offered the possibility of a comparison between 3D models acquired with different digitalization tools (professional/action/amateur cameras and smartphone) and processed by several image-based 3D Reconstruction software and methods.

scholarly journals SFM TECHNIQUE AND FOCUS STACKING FOR DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARTIFACTS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Clini ◽  
N. Frapiccini ◽  
M. Mengoni ◽  
R. Nespeca ◽  
L. Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Allowable Error ◽  
Digital Documentation ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fast Procedure

Digital documentation and high-quality 3D representation are always more requested in many disciplines and areas due to the large amount of technologies and data available for fast, detailed and quick documentation. This work aims to investigate the area of medium and small sized artefacts and presents a fast and low cost acquisition system that guarantees the creation of 3D models with an high level of detail, making the digitalization of cultural heritage a simply and fast procedure. The 3D models of the artefacts are created with the photogrammetric technique Structure From Motion that makes it possible to obtain, in addition to three-dimensional models, high-definition images for a deepened study and understanding of the artefacts. For the survey of small objects (only few centimetres) it is used a macro lens and the focus stacking, a photographic technique that consists in capturing a stack of images at different focus planes for each camera pose so that is possible to obtain a final image with a higher depth of field. The acquisition with focus stacking technique has been finally validated with an acquisition with laser triangulation scanner Minolta that demonstrates the validity compatible with the allowable error in relation to the expected precision.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Low-Cost Particle Sensor Types in Long-Term Indoor Air Pollution Health Studies After Repeated Calibration Over a 2-Year Timeframe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elle Anastasiou ◽  
M. J. Ruzmyn Vilcassim ◽  
John Adragna ◽  
Emily Gill ◽  
Albert Tovar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Calibration Coefficient ◽  
Data Output ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Previous studies have explored using calibrated low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors, but important research gaps remain regarding long-term performance and reliability. Objective Evaluate longitudinal performance of low-cost particle sensors by measuring sensor performance changes over 2 years of use. Methods 51 low-cost particle sensors (Airbeam 1 N=29; Airbeam 2 N=22) were calibrated four times over a 2-year timeframe between 2019-2021. Cigarette smoke-specific calibration curves for Airbeam 1 and 2 PM sensors were created by directly comparing simultaneous 1-min readings of a Thermo Scientific Personal DataRAM PDR-1500 unit with a 2.5 µm inlet. Results Inter-sensor variability in calibration coefficient was high, particularly in Airbeam 1 sensors at study initiation. Calibration coefficients for both sensor types trended downwards over time to <1 at final calibration timepoint [Airbeam 1 Mean (SD)= 0.87 (0.20); Airbeam 2 Mean (SD) = 0.96 (0.27)]. We lost more Airbeam 1 sensors (N=27, failure rate 48.2%) than Airbeam 2 (N=2, failure rate 16.7%) due to electronics, battery, or data output issues. Conclusions Evidence suggests degradation over time might depend more on particle sensor type, rather than individual usage. Repeated calibrations of low-cost particle sensors may increase confidence in reported PM levels in longitudinal indoor air pollution studies.

scholarly journals THE EXAMPLE OF USING THE XIAOMI CAMERAS IN INVENTORY OF MONUMENTAL OBJECTS - FIRST RESULTS

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W8 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
J. S. Markiewicz ◽  
S. Łapiński ◽  
R. Bienkowski ◽  
A. Kaliszewska
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
First Results ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

At present, digital documentation recorded in the form of raster or vector files is the obligatory way of inventorying historical objects. Today, photogrammetry is becoming more and more popular and is becoming the standard of documentation in many projects involving the recording of all possible spatial data on landscape, architecture, or even single objects. Low-cost sensors allow for the creation of reliable and accurate three-dimensional models of investigated objects. This paper presents the results of a comparison between the outcomes obtained when using three sources of image: low-cost Xiaomi cameras, a full-frame camera (Canon 5D Mark II) and middle-frame camera (Hasselblad-Hd4). In order to check how the results obtained from the two sensors differ the following parameters were analysed: the accuracy of the orientation of the ground level photos on the control and check points, the distribution of appointed distortion in the self-calibration process, the flatness of the walls, the discrepancies between point clouds from the low-cost cameras and references data. The results presented below are a result of co-operation of researchers from three institutions: the Systems Research Institute PAS, The Department of Geodesy and Cartography at the Warsaw University of Technology and the National Museum in Warsaw.

scholarly journals A Simple Photogrammetry Rig for the Reliable Creation of 3D Artifact Models in the Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Thi Porter ◽  
Morgan Roussel ◽  
Marie Soressi
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) artifact modeling is becoming an increasingly utilized tool in archaeology. In comparison with other methods of 3D scanning, photogrammetry has the benefits of being relatively inexpensive, mobile, and more adaptable for use in field conditions. As part of a larger project to document variability in lithic production systems across the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition in Western Europe, we developed a photography rig for the express purpose of systematically capturing images for the creation of 3D photogrammetric models. This low-cost rig greatly streamlines both the photo-taking and post-processing stages of model creation. Additional tips relating to the coating of difficult-to-capture objects with a mineral spray are also provided. Three-dimensional models of lithic cores from the Châtelperronian, Protoaurignacian, and Early Aurignacian levels of the site of Les Cottés (France) are presented as examples of the quality of model that can be produced using this system.

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